Actress Marilyn Monroe overcame a difficult childhood to become one of the world's biggest and most enduring sex symbols. Her films grossed more than $200 million. She is known for her relationships with Arthur Miller, Joe DiMaggio and, possibly, John F. Kennedy. Monroe died of a drug overdose on August 5, 1962, at only 36 years old.
女演员玛丽莲·梦露克服了童年的困难，成为世界上最大、最持久的性感符号之一。她的电影票房超过2亿美元。她以与亚瑟·米勒、乔·迪马乔以及约翰·肯尼迪的关系而闻名。梦露于1962年8月5日死于药物过量，年仅36岁。
FamilyMonroe never knew her father. She once thought Clark Gable to be her father — a story repeated often enough for a version of it to gain some currency. However, there's no evidence that Gable ever met or knew Monroe's mother, Gladys, who developed psychiatric problems and was eventually placed in a mental institution.
As an adult, Monroe would maintain that one of her earliest memories was of her mother trying to smother her in her crib with a pillow. Monroe had a half-sister, to whom she was not close; they met only a half-dozen times.
家庭
梦露从来不认识她父亲。她曾经认为克拉克·盖博是她的父亲——这个故事经常被重复，足以让一个版本的故事获得某种收益。然而，没有证据表明盖博曾见过或认识梦露的母亲格拉迪斯，她患有精神疾病，最终被送进精神病院。
作为一个成年人，梦露会坚持她最早的记忆之一是她母亲试图用枕头把她闷死在婴儿床上。梦露有一个同父异母的妹妹，她和她并不亲近；他们只见过六次面。
Early Life and Education
Monroe was born on June 1, 1926, in Los Angeles, California. Monroe was named Norma Jeane Mortenson at birth (later baptized as Norma Jeane Baker). Growing up, Monroe spent much of her time in foster care and in an orphanage.
In 1937, a family friend and her husband, Grace and Doc Goddard, took care of Monroe for a few years. The Goddards were paid $25 weekly by Monroe's mother to raise her.
The couple was deeply religious and followed fundamentalist doctrines; among other prohibited activities, Monroe was not allowed to go to the movies. But when Doc's job was transferred to the East Coast, the couple could not afford to bring Monroe with them.
At seven years old, Monroe returned to a life in foster homes, where she endured sexual assault on several occasions; she later said that she had been raped when she was 11 years old. She dropped out of high school by age 15.
Monroe had a way out through marriage, and she wed her boyfriend and merchant marine Jimmy Dougherty in 1942, at the age of 16.
早年生活与教育梦露1926年6月1日出生于加利福尼亚州洛杉矶。梦露出生时被命名为诺玛·杰恩·莫滕森（后来受洗为诺玛·杰恩·贝克）。在成长过程中，梦露大部分时间都在寄养院和孤儿院度过。
1937年，一位家族朋友和她的丈夫格蕾丝和戈达德医生照顾梦露几年。梦露的母亲每周付给戈达德夫妇25美元抚养她。
这对夫妇笃信宗教，信奉原教旨主义教义；在一些被禁止的活动中，梦露不允许去看电影。但当医生的工作转移到东海岸时，这对夫妇负担不起带梦露一起去的费用。
7岁时，梦露回到寄养家庭生活状态，在那里她曾多次遭受性侵犯；她后来说，她11岁时曾被强奸。她15岁就辍学了。
梦露在婚姻中找到了出路，1942年，16岁的她嫁给了她的男朋友兼商船陆战队员吉米·多尔蒂。
Career in ActingMonroe dreamt of becoming an actress like Jean Harlow and Lana Turner. When her husband was sent to the South Pacific, she began working in a munitions factory in Van Nuys, California. It was there that she was first discovered by a photographer.
By the time Dougherty returned in 1946, Monroe had a successful career as a model. That year, she signed her first movie contract. With the contract came a new name and image; she began calling herself "Marilyn Monroe" and dyed her hair blonde.
At first, Monroe wasn't initially considered to be star acting material. Her acting career didn't really take off until a few years later. With her breathy voice and hourglass figure, she would soon become one of Hollywood's most famous actresses. She proved her skill by winning various honors and attracting large audiences to her films.
Monroe became a much-admired international star despite chronic insecurities regarding her acting abilities. She suffered from pre-performance anxiety that sometimes made her physically ill and was often the root cause of her legendary tardiness on film sets, which was so extreme that it often infuriated her co-stars and crew.
演艺事业梦露梦想成为一个像让·哈洛和拉娜·特纳那样的女演员。当她的丈夫被派往南太平洋时，她开始在加利福尼亚州范纽斯的一家军火厂工作。就是在那里，她第一次被一个摄影师发现。
到1946年多尔蒂回来时，门罗已经有了一个成功的模特生涯。那年，她签了第一个电影合同。合同带来了一个新的名字和形象；她开始叫自己“玛丽莲·梦露”，并把头发染成金色。
起初，梦露并不被认为是明星表演材料。她的演艺事业直到几年后才真正开始。凭借她带有呼吸气息的嗓音和沙漏般的身材，她很快就会成为好莱坞最著名的女演员之一。她通过赢得各种荣誉和吸引大批观众来观看她的电影，证明了她的技巧。
尽管梦露对自己的演技长期缺乏安全感，但她还是成为了备受敬仰的国际明星。她患有表演前焦虑症，有时会使她身体不适，常常是她在片场传奇性迟到拖沓的根本原因。
"She would be the greatest if she ran like a watch," director Billy Wilder once said of her. "I have an aunt Minnie who's very punctual, but who would pay to see Aunt Minnie?"
Throughout her career, Monroe was signed and released from several contracts with film studios.
In the mid-1950s Monroe grew tired of bubbly, dumb blonde roles and moved to New York City to study acting with Lee Strasberg at the Actors' Studio.
By the early 1960s, however, Monroe's professional and personal life seemed to be in turmoil following unsuccessful relationships. Her last two films, Let's Make Love (1960) and The Misfits (1961), were box office disappointments.
“如果她像手表一样走时精准，她会是最棒的，”导演比利·怀尔德曾这样评价她。“我有一个非常守时的米妮阿姨，但是谁愿意付钱去看望米妮阿姨呢？”
在她的整个职业生涯中，梦露与电影制片厂签下了几份合同，然后就一走了之。
梦露厌倦了那些傻乎乎的金发角色。20世纪50年代中期，她搬到纽约市，在演员工作室和李斯特拉斯伯格一起学习表演。
然而，到了20世纪60年代初，梦露的职业和个人生活似乎在失败的恋爱关系后陷入混乱。她最后两部电影《让我们做爱》（1960）和《不合拍》（1961）票房令人失望。
Marilyn Monroe's Spouses and LoversMonroe had three husbands in her lifetime: James Dougherty (1942-1946); Joe DiMaggio (1954) and Arthur Miller (1956-1961). She is also remembered for her romantic relationships with Marlon Brando, Frank Sinatra, Yves Montand and director Elia Kazan.
On June 19, 1942, 16-year-old Monroe wed Dougherty, a 20-year-old merchant marine. Dougherty lived next door to a friend of Monroe's mother; he suggested he could marry Monroe so she wouldn't be sent to an orphanage or another foster home. When they wed, Monroe had just turned 16 and the couple had been dating for just a few months. After Monroe's career began to take off, she sought a quickie divorce in September 1946.
“I never knew Marilyn Monroe, and I don’t claim to have any insights to her to this day. I knew and loved Norma Jean,” Dougherty later said.
In 1954, Monroe was married to baseball great DiMaggio for nine months. Following her death, DiMaggio famously had red roses delivered to her crypt for the next 20 years.
Monroe's longest marriage was with playwright Miller. They first met in 1950 at a party and later began exchanging letters. They met again when Monroe moved to New York in 1955, and they began an affair while she was still married to DiMaggio. They married on June 29, 1956.
Right away, the couple began having problems. Monroe experienced two miscarriages and an ectopic pregnancy. After Miller and Monroe had begun working together on what would have been her last film, The Misfits, they divorced on January 20, 1961.
Marilyn Monroe once said, "A career is wonderful, but you can't curl up with it on a cold night."
玛丽莲梦露的配偶和情人梦露一生有三个丈夫：詹姆斯·多尔蒂（1942-1946）；乔·迪马乔（1954）和亚瑟·米勒（1956-1961）。她还因与马龙白兰度、弗兰克·辛纳特拉、伊夫·蒙坦德和导演埃莉亚·卡赞的浪漫关系而闻名。
1942年6月19日，16岁的梦露同20岁的商船队员多尔蒂结婚。多尔蒂住在梦露母亲的一个朋友隔壁；他建议多尔蒂可以迎娶梦露，这样梦露就不会被送到孤儿院或其他寄养家庭。当他们结婚时，梦露刚满16岁，这对夫妇仅仅交往了几个月。梦露的事业开始腾飞后，她于1946年9月要求迅速离婚。
“我从来都不认识玛丽莲·梦露，直到今天，我也不声称对她有任何看法。“我认识且爱过诺玛·杰恩（Norma Jeane），”多尔蒂后来说。
1954年，梦露与棒球巨星迪·马吉奥结婚9个月。迪·马吉奥死后，在玛丽莲·梦露死去的接下来的20年里，迪·马吉奥仍在地下室保留着送给玛丽莲·梦露的红玫瑰。
梦露最长的婚姻是和剧作家米勒。他们第一次见面是在1950年的一个聚会上，后来开始彼此通信。当梦露1955年搬到纽约时，他们再次相遇，在她还和迪·马吉奥处于婚姻状态时，他们开始了一段恋情。他们于1956年6月29日结婚。
就在这时，这对夫妇开始出现问题。梦露经历了两次流产和一次宫外孕。在米勒和梦露开始合作她最后一部电影《不合拍者》之后，他们于1961年1月20日离婚。
玛丽莲·梦露曾说，“事业是美好的，但你不能在寒冷的夜晚蜷缩起来。”
JFK's Relationship with Marilyn Monroe
There have also been rumors that Monroe was involved with President John F. Kennedy and/or his brother Robert Kennedy around the time of her death.
On May 19, 1962, Monroe made her now-famous performance at John F. Kennedy's birthday celebration, singing "Happy Birthday, Mr. President."
Moments later, President Kennedy appeared on stage, saying, "I can now retire from politics after having had 'Happy Birthday' sung to me in such a sweet, wholesome way."
肯尼迪与玛丽莲梦露的关系也有传闻说梦露在去世前与肯尼迪总统和/或他的兄弟罗伯特·肯尼迪有绯闻。
1962年5月19日，梦露在约翰·肯尼迪的生日庆典上演唱了《总统先生，生日快乐》，使她现在的表演名扬四海。
梦露献唱不一会儿，肯尼迪总统出现在舞台上，说：“我现在可以从政治上退休了，因为有人用如此甜美、健康的方式为我唱过‘生日快乐’。”
Death
Monroe died at her Los Angeles home on August 5, 1962, at only 36 years old. An empty bottle of sleeping pills was found by her bed.
There has been some speculation over the years that she may have been murdered, but the cause of her death was officially ruled as a drug overdose.
Monroe was buried in her favorite Emilio Pucci dress, in what was known as a "Cadillac casket"—the most high-end casket available, made of heavy-gauge solid bronze and lined with champagne-colored silk.
Lee Strasberg delivered a eulogy before a small group of friends and family. Hugh Hefner bought the crypt directly next to Monroe's.
“She was the victim of ballyhoo and sensation — exploited beyond anyone’s means.” Sir Laurence Olivier said.
Monroe did not own a house until the last year of her life, and had surprisingly few possessions. One that she prized was an autographed photo of Albert Einstein, which included an inscription: "To Marilyn, with respect and love and thanks."
死亡1962年8月5日，梦露在洛杉矶的家中去世，年仅36岁。她的床上发现了一瓶安眠药。
多年来，有人猜测她可能是被谋杀的，但她的死因被官方判定为用药过量。
梦露穿着她最喜欢的埃米利奥·普奇（Emilio Pucci）礼服下葬，这件礼服被称为“凯迪拉克棺材”（Cadillac casket）——这是目前最高端的“棺材”，由厚实的青铜制成，内衬香槟色丝绸。
李·斯特拉斯伯格在一小群亲朋好友面前致悼词。休·赫夫纳买下了梦露旁边的地窖。
“她是大肆宣传和轰动效应的牺牲品——她被人利用得入不敷出。” 劳伦斯·奥利维尔爵士这样说。
梦露直到生命的最后一年才拥有一所房子，而且出人意料的是她几乎一贫如洗。她珍视的一张是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的亲笔签名照片，照片上有一段题词：“致梦露。用爱、尊敬和感谢。”
Legacy
Monroe has been imitated over the years by a number of celebrities, including Madonna, Lady Gaga and Gwen Stefani.
In 2011, several rare photos of Monroe were published in a book of photographs by famed photographer Sam Shaw.
In 2017, another book of little-seen treasures made it to shelves in The Essential Marilyn Monroe, with Joshua Greene retouching old photos taken by his dad, Milton Greene, in the 1950s.
Marilyn Monroe's Nude Footage
August 2018 brought the publication of another biography of the screen legend, Marilyn Monroe: The Private Life of a Public Icon, by Charles Casillo. The book made headlines for its revelation that nude footage of Monroe from a bedroom scene in The Misfits, previously believed to have been destroyed, remained extant.
The footage would have made up one of the first nude scenes of a major Hollywood star in a studio movie; it ultimately was cut out of the film by its director, Huston, but preserved by producer Frank Taylor.
文化遗产- 多年来，梦露一直被许多名人模仿，包括麦当娜、Lady Gaga和Gwen Stefani。
- 2011年，著名摄影师山姆·肖的摄影集出版了几张梦露罕见的照片。
- 2017年，另一本《鲜为人知的珍宝》上架于玛丽莲·梦露（Marilyn Monroe），乔舒亚·格林（Joshua Greene）对父亲米尔顿·格林（Milton Greene）在50年代拍摄的旧照片进行了润色。
- 玛丽莲梦露的裸体镜头
- 2018年8月，由查尔斯·卡西洛出版的另一部银幕传奇人物传记《玛丽莲·梦露：公众偶像的私生活》问世。这本书因其揭露梦露在《不相配》中卧室场景的裸体镜头而成为头版头条，此前人们认为这段裸体镜头已经被销毁，现在仍然存在。
- 这些镜头本可以成为好莱坞一位大明星在电影制片厂拍摄的第一批裸体镜头之一；最终被导演休斯顿从影片中删掉，但由制片人弗兰克·泰勒保存。
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