形容词、 副词的原级、比较级和最高级

一、分类:形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。

原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

二、规则变化:

(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er, est构成比较级和最高级。

a)直接加er, est :

b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er, est:

c)以辅音字母 y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er, est:

(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.

三、不规则变化:

形容词和副词比较级和最高级(形容词副词的原级)(1)

四、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法:

(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。

基本句型是:

主语(sb./sth) 谓语动词 (very/too/so/quite/rather…) 形容词/副词原级 ….

如:He is very old now.(他现在很老了)

They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快)

The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟)

I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐)

☆表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型:

主语 (第一个人物) 谓语动词 as 形容词/副词原级 as 第二个人物 ….

如:He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)

Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)

They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)

☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型:

主语(第一个人物) 谓语动词(否定式) as / so 形容词/副词原级 as 第二个人物 ….

如:He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋)

Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢)

They didn’t pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)

(2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。

基本句型:

主语(‘A’) 谓语动词 (much/a little/even/still) 形容词/副词比较级 than 第二个人物(‘B’) ….

如:A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了)

This book didn’t cost me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多)

☆表示两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是:

主语(‘A’) 谓语动词 less (多音节形/副)比较级 than 第二个人物(‘B’) ….

如:I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)

Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗?)

(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。

句型是:

主语(sb./sth) 谓语动词 (the) 形容词/副词最高级 in / of ….

如:The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流) / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)

五、关于比较等级的重要注释:

1、以上六个句型中,如果动词是及物或不及物动词,则后面用副词;如果后面是连系动词,则后面用形容词。

如:This car is the fastest of the four.(形容词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的)

This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的)

2、“比较级 and 比较级”表示“越来越……”。

如:The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越来越温暖了)

3、“the 比较级…,the 比较级…”表示“越…就越…”。

如:The more trees we plant, the better it will be.(我们栽的树越多,情况就会越好)

The harder you try, the greater your progress is.(你越是努力,进步就越大)

4、一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加much/a little/even/still,而表示数量的more之前还可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等词。

如:It is much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)

Would you like some more coffee?(你还要些咖啡吗?)

He did not eat any more.(他没有再吃)

5、more than / less than分别可以理解为“多于/少于”,相当于副词,more than=over; less than=under.

如:I lived in New York for more than four months.(我在纽约生活了四个多月)

6、“one of the 最高级 名词(复数)”整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式。

如:One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一场大火中被烧毁了)

7、“Which / Who 动词 形/副,□,□or□?”句型中,如果有两个选项,形/副用比较级,如果有三个选项,形/副用最高级。

如:Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林涛和韩梅谁的书最多?)

Which is the heaviest, a pig, a horse or an elephant?(猪、马、象哪个最重?)

8、上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示两个事物的词时,用比较级,而且往往还要加the;含有all/none/no one/ every 等表示三个或三个以上事物时,用最高级。

如: --Do you like the smaller one?—Neither.(小一点的那个你喜欢吗?一个都不喜欢)

--Which do you like best? –All of them!(你最喜欢哪个?全部。)

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