【容器化】| 总结/Edison Zhou
上一篇我们自己通过编写Dockerfile来编译部署一个ASP.NET MVC应用程序到Windows Container，这一篇我们来试着将.NET 4.x的镜像推送到harbor私有镜像仓库。
1 准备工作
假设有两台服务器，这里我使用的是阿里云ECS：
Node1：Windows Server 2019，Docker Client
Node2：CentOS 7.5，Harbor
其中，Node1作为客户端，主要用来推送镜像到harbor镜像仓库 和 从harbor拉取镜像运行容器实例。Node2作为服务端，主要用来运行harbor镜像仓库对企业内部提供容器镜像服务。
2 搭建Harbor镜像仓库
Why Harbor?
因为Harbor是目前最流行的企业级私有容器镜像仓库之一，而且它同时支持Linux Container 和 Windows Container 的镜像，使得它比较符合我的需求。
快速搭建过程
我们在Node2（CentOS）上来快速地基于Harbor搭建一个私有镜像仓库。
step1.安装docker compose
# curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.26.2/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
# chmod x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
# docker-compose -version
step2.下载并解压harbor离线安装包
# wget https://github.com/vmware/harbor/releases/download/v1.10.1/harbor-offline-installer-v1.10.1.tgz
# tar xvf harbor-offline-installer-v1.10.1.tgz
step3.修改harbor.yml配置，主要修改hostname 和 admin初始密码，注释掉https的配置（生产环境建议开启https，这里只做快速演示）。
# Configuration file of Harbor
# The IP address or hostname to access admin UI and registry service.
# DO NOT use localhost or 127.0.0.1, because Harbor needs to be accessed by external clients.
hostname: 47.108.111.236
# http related config
http:
# port for http, default is 80. If https enabled, this port will redirect to https port
port: 80
# https related config
# https:
# https port for harbor, default is 443
# port: 443
# The path of cert and key files for nginx
# certificate: /your/certificate/path
# private_key: /your/private/key/path
# Uncomment external_url if you want to enable external proxy
# And when it enabled the hostname will no longer used
# external_url: https://reg.mydomain.com:8433
# The initial password of Harbor admin
# It only works in first time to install harbor
# Remember Change the admin password from UI after launching Harbor.
harbor_admin_password: EDC@123456
# Harbor DB configuration
database:
# The password for the root user of Harbor DB. Change this before any production use.
password: root123456
# The maximum number of connections in the idle connection pool. If it <=0, no idle connections are retained.
max_idle_conns: 50
# The maximum number of open connections to the database. If it <= 0, then there is no limit on the number of open connections.
# Note: the default number of connections is 100 for postgres.
max_open_conns: 100
# The default data volume
data_volume: /data
# Harbor Storage settings by default is using /data dir on local filesystem
# Uncomment storage_service setting If you want to using external storage
# storage_service:
# # ca_bundle is the path to the custom root ca certificate, which will be injected into the truststore
# # of registry's and chart repository's containers. This is usually needed when the user hosts a internal storage with self signed certificate.
# ca_bundle:
# # storage backend, default is filesystem, options include filesystem, azure, gcs, s3, swift and oss
# # for more info about this configuration please refer https://docs.docker.com/registry/configuration/
# filesystem:
# maxthreads: 100
# # set disable to true when you want to disable registry redirect
# redirect:
# disabled: false
# Clair configuration
clair:
# The interval of clair updaters, the unit is hour, set to 0 to disable the updaters.
updaters_interval: 12
jobservice:
# Maximum number of job workers in job service
max_job_workers: 10
notification:
# Maximum retry count for webhook job
webhook_job_max_retry: 10
chart:
# Change the value of absolute_url to enabled can enable absolute url in chart
absolute_url: disabled
# Log configurations
log:
# options are debug, info, warning, error, fatal
level: info
# configs for logs in local storage
local:
# Log files are rotated log_rotate_count times before being removed. If count is 0, old versions are removed rather than rotated.
rotate_count: 50
# Log files are rotated only if they grow bigger than log_rotate_size bytes. If size is followed by k, the size is assumed to be in kilobytes.
# If the M is used, the size is in megabytes, and if G is used, the size is in gigabytes. So size 100, size 100k, size 100M and size 100G
# are all valid.
rotate_size: 200M
# The directory on your host that store log
location: /var/log/harbor
# Uncomment following lines to enable external syslog endpoint.
# external_endpoint:
# # protocol used to transmit log to external endpoint, options is tcp or udp
# protocol: tcp
# # The host of external endpoint
# host: localhost
# # Port of external endpoint
# port: 5140
#This attribute is for migrator to detect the version of the .cfg file, DO NOT MODIFY!
_version: 1.10.0
# Uncomment external_database if using external database.
# external_database:
# harbor:
# host: harbor_db_host
# port: harbor_db_port
# db_name: harbor_db_name
# username: harbor_db_username
# password: harbor_db_password
# ssl_mode: disable
# max_idle_conns: 2
# max_open_conns: 0
# clair:
# host: clair_db_host
# port: clair_db_port
# db_name: clair_db_name
# username: clair_db_username
# password: clair_db_password
# ssl_mode: disable
# notary_signer:
# host: notary_signer_db_host
# port: notary_signer_db_port
# db_name: notary_signer_db_name
# username: notary_signer_db_username
# password: notary_signer_db_password
# ssl_mode: disable
# notary_server:
# host: notary_server_db_host
# port: notary_server_db_port
# db_name: notary_server_db_name
# username: notary_server_db_username
# password: notary_server_db_password
# ssl_mode: disable
# Uncomment external_redis if using external Redis server
# external_redis:
# host: redis
# port: 6379
# password:
# # db_index 0 is for core, it's unchangeable
# registry_db_index: 1
# jobservice_db_index: 2
# chartmuseum_db_index: 3
# clair_db_index: 4
# Uncomment uaa for trusting the certificate of uaa instance that is hosted via self-signed cert.
# uaa:
# ca_file: /path/to/ca
# Global proxy
# Config http proxy for components, e.g. http://my.proxy.com:3128
# Components doesn't need to connect to each others via http proxy.
# Remove component from `components` array if want disable proxy
# for it. If you want use proxy for replication, MUST enable proxy
# for core and jobservice, and set `http_proxy` and `https_proxy`.
# Add domain to the `no_proxy` field, when you want disable proxy
# for some special registry.
proxy:
http_proxy:
https_proxy:
# no_proxy endpoints will appended to 127.0.0.1,localhost,.local,.internal,log,db,redis,nginx,core,portal,postgresql,jobservice,registry,registryctl,clair,chartmuseum,notary-server
no_proxy:
components:
- core
- jobservice
- clair
step4.安装harbor
# ./install.sh
安装完成后，可以查看各个组件的运行状况：
# docker-compose ps
Name Command State Ports
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
harbor-core /harbor/harbor_core Up (healthy)
harbor-db /docker-entrypoint.sh Up (healthy) 5432/tcp
harbor-jobservice /harbor/harbor_jobservice ... Up (healthy)
harbor-log /bin/sh -c /usr/local/bin/ ... Up (healthy) 127.0.0.1:1514->10514/tcp
harbor-portal nginx -g daemon off; Up (healthy) 8080/tcp
nginx nginx -g daemon off; Up (healthy) 0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp
redis redis-server /etc/redis.conf Up (healthy) 6379/tcp
registry /home/harbor/entrypoint.sh Up (healthy) 5000/tcp
registryctl /home/harbor/start.sh Up (healthy)
确认没有问题，通过浏览器访问查看harbor管理界面：
使用账号 admin 和你配置的初始密码 即可进入管理面板，这里我们来创建一个项目，这里我们暂且命名为dotnet：
后面的示例，我们就在客户端推送镜像到这个dotnet项目中。
3 推送镜像到镜像仓库
在Node1，首先，配置一下hosts映射，这里配置了一个Node2的内网地址：
172.10.10.100 reg.edisonzhou.cn
然后，修改一下docker的配置文件，将 reg.edisonzhou.cn 作为可以使用http访问的仓库：
配置文件：C:\ProgramData\docker\config\daemon.json
{
"insecure-registries" : [ "reg.edisonzhou.cn" ]
}
然后，就是熟悉的push镜像过程了，还是原来的味道：
> docker login reg.edisonzhou.cn
> docker tag reg.edisonzhou.cn/samples:aspnetmvcapp reg.edisonzhou.cn/dotnet/samples:framework-4.8-aspnetmvcapp
> docker push reg.edisonzhou.cn/dotnet/samples:framework-4.8-aspnetmvcapp
The push refers to repository [reg.edisonzhou.cn/dotnet/samples]
11d8e5abf6ac: Pushed
265452af5f33: Pushed
f9fe54bc871d: Pushed
ddaa4e132ef2: Pushed
0fd048ba07e9: Pushed
df61cb75b354: Pushed
825bd5d0379d: Pushed
0037a968c4d7: Pushed
6420f996a252: Skipped foreign layer
a7ba3db29ebb: Skipped foreign layer
4.8: digest: sha256:7da03aef9a9acb66678d5c14dda85c741268557bdcd55484e6351e373445157f size: 2779
最开始我以为.net 4.x的镜像动不动就7~8个G，即使是内网推送也可能很慢，但是没想到的是在阿里云ECS的内网推送，如此大的镜像也能很快的完成。
此外，建议先将.net 4.x sdk的基础镜像先推送到harbor，后续推送应用程序的镜像会共享基础镜像层的文件，因此速度也会加快很多。
当然，第一次push的过程还是需要耐心等待一下，速度取决于你的服务器的配置和网络环境（如是否内网、带宽等因素）
如果出现以下错误：
received unexpected HTTP status: 500 Internal Server Error
你可以对harbor镜像仓库所在的linux服务器关闭SELinux：
setenforce 0
push完成之后再看看harbor中的仓库项目列表：
*.后面我又陆续push了sdk 和 runtime的镜像。
4 拉取镜像并运行
有了私有镜像仓库，又push了镜像，我们来模拟一下在Node1（Windows Server 2019）中拉取私有仓库中的镜像来运行一下：
>docker run --name aspnet_mvc_sample --rm -it -d -p 8000:80 --cpus 1 -m 1024m reg.edisonzhou.cn/dotnet/samples:framework-4.8-aspnetmvcapp
成功运行后，通过浏览器访问验证一下：
可以看到，成功运行，完美！
对于如此巨大的容器镜像，我跑了两到三个相同的asp.net mvc sample容器实例，验证发现磁盘空间会每个实例多占用0.2G左右，内存会每个多占用200M左右。当然，这也是因为这个asp.net mvc sample实在太简单，没有任何依赖交互，但是它也侧面反映，看似庞大的asp.net容器镜像，实则不会随着容器实例的增多而重复占用空间，而是共享Windows内核。
5 总结
本文介绍了如何快速搭建一个harbor私有镜像仓库，并通过在Windows Server客户端推送ASP.NET应用程序的镜像到harbor，最后在Windows Server客户端拉取harbor的镜像并成功运行。
事实证明，对于传统.NET Framework 4.x应用程序，从物理机/虚拟机迁移到容器中运行是可行的，并且Windows Server 2019版本做了许多对容器的支持做了许多优化，大家可以尝试使用。
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