英语写作的高级词汇和短语（高级英语过渡词）

怎样才能让你的作文得高分，或者看起来很有水平呢？，现在小编就来说说关于英语写作的高级词汇和短语?下面内容希望能帮助到你，我们来一起看看吧!

英语写作的高级词汇和短语

怎样才能让你的作文得高分，或者看起来很有水平呢？

除了要求简单句 / 复合句交相呼应、语法正确、词汇稍微高级点之外，你想过在一个句子中做些调整改变吗？

今天来自Engvid的超级外教Adam所讲的内容，不是我们通常所了解的句子之间的过渡词，而是一个复合句中的过渡词，比如therefore, thereby, thereafter等等。

这给你平常用到的不太一样，但是绝对可以让你的写作，更有水平感，或者学术感

Hi again, everybody.

嗨，大家好啊。

Welcome to www. engvid. com. I'm Adam.

欢迎来到www.engvid.com，我是亚当。

In today's video we're going to look at transitions.

今天的视频，我们将要学习过渡词。

Now, you may have seen some other videos on engVid about transitions, especially for writing.

你可能在engVid上看过其他讲解过渡词的视频了，特别是在写作应用部分。

What we're going to look at today are a few more specific transitions, but this time we're not looking at transitions between paragraphs or even transitions between sentences.

我们今天要讲的是一些更具体的过渡词，不包括那些连接段落或者句子之间的过渡词。

Okay?

好的？

We're looking at transitions that we are generally using in a sentence to shift from one idea to another idea in a sentence.

我们今天要学的过渡词是用于句子之中，通常用来表达从一个想法转变成另一个想法。

So they're very similar to, like, adverb. . .

它们和副词非常相似。

Adverb clauses, for example, but they're used in different ways.

例如，副词从句，但它们的使用方式不同。

But, again, they do have their specific purposes.

而且，他们的使用目的也不同。

Now, you'll also notice that all of them or most of them start with: " there" plus a preposition, or " where" plus a preposition, and we have the one special one: " hereby" .

现在，你也会注意到，这些词，所有的或大部分都是:"there"加上介词，或"where"加上介词，有一个特别的:"hereby"。

So: " Thereby" , " Thereof" , " Thereafter" , " Therein" , " Therefore" , " Wherein" , " Whereby" , " Hereby" , these are the words we're going to look at and how they're used within sentences.

"从而"，"关于"，"此后"，"其中"，"因此"，"在其中"，"凭借"，"特此"，我们今天要学习这些过渡词，以及如何在句子中使用他们。

Now, before I explain these to you and show them. . .

现在，在我讲解展示这些词之前……

Show you samples of how they're used.

我要用例句说明如何使用他们。

I want you to understand that these are generally very formal, very high-end.

我想让你们了解这些词通常都用于正式场合，非常高端大气上档次。

They're not very commonly used.

它们一般不常用。

There are other ways you can say these things without being too serious, I guess you could say.

但是你也可以在其他的场合用到他们，并且不会显得很正式，我猜你会用到的。

But if you're going to university, if you're going to take a test, IELTS, TOEFL, SAT, all these tests - you will see these and you should be able to use them as well.

如果你要上大学，要参加考试，比如雅思，托福，SAT, 所有这些考试中——你都会看到这些词，所以你也应该学会如何使用他们。

And if you can actually use them properly in your essays, and like, again, nicely, appropriately, good timing, your score. . .

如果你能在你的论文中正确地，恰当地使用它们，你的分数…

That'll help your score.

会提高。

It should go up quite a bit because these are not very easy to use.

会提高很多，因为他们不是那么容易使用的。

So, we're going to start with " thereby" .

好了，我们从"thereby"开始学习把。

" Thereby" basically means by which, or through which, or like through this action something happened.

"thereby"通常指由于凭借或者通过某物，或某种行为，而导致一些事情发生了。

It's a little bit similar to: " due to" .

它有点类似于:"due to"。

The only problem is you can't use it in the same structure as " due to" .

不同的是，你不能在同样的结构中使用"due to"。

Okay?

明白吗？

So let's look at the first sentence.

我们来看看第一个句子。

" The team lost the final game of the season, thereby missing the playoffs" .

"球队输掉了本赛季的最后一场比赛，因此无缘决赛"。

So, basically by doing this, by losing the last game, the result. . .

所以，本质上，由于输掉最后一场比赛，结果…

What happened?

发生了什么？

They missed the playoffs.

他们无缘决赛。

But notice that we are using an " ing" here: " . . . thereby missing the playoffs" , right?

但是请注意，我们这里在thereby后面使用的动词是"ing"形式。"...thereby missing the playoffs"，对吧?

This is basically a gerund expression, a gerund phrase, but we can't use this with a clause.

实质上这是一个动名词，但我们不能直接把动名词和从句一起用。

We're using it with an " ing" .

所以，thereby后面的动词要使用"ing"形式。

So that's one thing you have to keep in mind.

这是你必须记住的一个点。

If I wanted to use " due to" , I would have to change the whole structure.

如果你想用"due to"，就必须改变整个句子结构。

" Due to their loss in the final game of the season, the team missed the playoffs" . A completely different structure.

"由于在本赛季最后一场比赛中的失利，球队无缘决赛。"一个完全不同的句子结构。

I'm using the independent clause, here, the " due to" with the cause, etc.

这里用的是一个独立的从句，"due to"与表示原因的句子连接。

This one gives you another option, basically, on how to link the ideas. Cause, effect.

这个给了你另一个选择，关于如何连接这些观点，像原因，影响。

But we don't have to use the " ing" , we can use another way.

（如果要用thereby）我们可以不用"ing"形式，有另一种使用方式。

" Lisa studied for three straight weeks and was thereby able to pass her test."

"丽莎连续学习了三个星期，因此能够通过考试。"

So she studied, studied, studied, and through this action she was able to pass her test.

所以她学习，学习，学习，通过这个动作她能够通过她的考试。

And: " . . . and was thereby" , " . . . and she was thereby able" .

"……从而"，"…...从而她就可以。"

Notice that I'm not using this to start the clause;

注意，我没有用thereby放在从句开头；

I'm using it within the clause, between the verbs to show through this action, this was the result that she was looking for.

我在从句中使用它，放在动词之间，通过动作表示结果，这就是她想要的结果。

Okay?

明白了吗？

So: " by which" , " through which action" .

所以："通过哪个"，"通过哪个行动"。

Let's look at " therein" .

让我们来看看"therein"。

" The new contract does not allow for extended maternity leave" ; here I'm using the semi-colon, I'm going to give you the next idea, so this is like a conjunction.

"新合同不允许延长产假；这里，我用了一个分号，我将给你们下一个概念，所以分号就相当于一个连词。

" . . . therein lies the problem for the union, 60% of whose membership is young women" .

"…...其中问题在于，60%的工会成员都是年轻女性。

So, " therein" basically means in that, or into that situation, problem, position, state, etc.

因此，"therein"主要指，是或在这种情况，问题，位置，状态下等。

So, " therein" . " Therein" means: In what?

所以，"therein"的意思就是，在什么里面、其中。

In this situation, in this new contract there's a problem.

在这种情况下，在新合同中，存在一个问题。

So: " . . . therein in this new contract lies a problem" , and this is a very common follow-up to the transition " therein" . " . . . therein lies the problem" .

所以:"……在这个新合同中，存在一个问题"。"...therein lies the problem" 这是一个跟在therein后面的常见表达。

A very famous expression: " . . . therein lies the rub" from Shakespeare.

一个非常有名的出自莎士比亚的话："这就是问题所在"。

" Aye, there's the rub" . I'm not sure if you know that expression, I think from Hamlet, dream to. . .

"啊，这就是问题所在。"我不知道你们听过这个没有，我猜来自《哈姆雷特》，梦到……

If you dream and you can die, it's all good, but then: Oh, there's a problem - you don't wake up.

如果有梦，你可以死去，这都没关系，但是此后呢，哦，有一个问题——你将不会再醒过来。

So: " . . . therein lies the rub" .

所以:"……这就是问题所在。"

A very common expression to use with " lies" .

这是"therein lies"的一种非常常见的表达。

But: " The tomb and all the Contents therein" -means all the contents in the tomb-" were photographed before analysis could begin" .

但是：“墓穴和里面所有的东西"——意思是墓穴里所有的东西——"在研究分析之前就被拍了下来"。

Again, much. . .

其实，有很多......

There are much easier ways to say this.

更简单的方式表达这个意思。

" The tomb and all its contents were photographed" , so why should I use " therein" ?

"墓穴和里面的所有东西都被拍摄了"，所以我为什么要用"therein"呢?

To sound pretty, to sound sophisticated, to sound academic.

是为了听起来很洋气，很有水平，很学术。

Okay?

对吧？

This is the thing about academic writing when you get to universities, it's all about how many words and how nice the words are.

上大学后，学术论文写作，主要取决于文字的数量以及绝妙的选词上面。

Of course there's. . .

当然了，有...

Content is very important and what you had to say, but they also want you to write very academically.

必须说的是，内容很重要，但他们也希望你写得学术点。

And this is a very academic word.

这就是一个非常学术的词。

You're not going to see this in newspapers, you're not going to see this in everyday writing.

你不会在报纸上看到这个，也不会在日常写作中看到这些。

You will see it a lot when you get to university or college, and start reading academic textbooks, and papers, etc.

当你进入大学或学院后，你会在学术文章，论文等等上面经常看到这些过渡词。

So, the same basically applies to most of these.

所以，绝大多数这些过渡词非常适用于学术文章。

The preposition definitely gives you a hint of how the word is used, but we're going to look at some more examples and go through each one, and make sure we understand it.

介词一定会给你一些提示，告诉你这个词是如何使用的，但我们会再看一些例子，然后一一讲解，并确保理解这些词。

Okay, so we're going to look at four more now: " thereof" , " therefore" , " thereafter" , " wherein" .

好了，我们现在再看其他四个:"关于"，"因此"，"此后"，"其中"。

Now, the first thing you're going to start noticing is that basically use the preposition in the word and just think about replacing the word " there" with " that" .

现在，你要注意的第一件事就是，我们可以使用这些过渡词的介词，然后用"that"替换"there"这个词。

So: " thereof" means " of that" .

所以:"thereof"的意思是"of that (关于那个的)"。

Let's look at an example.

让我们来看一个例子。

" Both parties had their sights focused on the northern regions, especially the demographics thereof" ,

"两党都把目光集中在北部地区，尤其关于人口统计方面，"，

so the demographics. . .

所以人口……

Oh, sorry.

噢，抱歉。

" . . . and were preparing for an ad war" .

"…...并且他们正在准备一场广告大战。"

The demographics, this means the statistics, the information about what type of people live there, like their ages, their ethnicity.

人口统计学，意味着数据，关于人们生活在那里的信息，比如他们的年龄，他们的种族。

Are they. . . ?

他们......？

Which party do they lean to?

他们倾向于哪一个党派?

So all the information about the people.

所有当地公民的信息。

So we're talking about the demographics of the people in the northern regions.

所以，我们讨论的是北部地区的人口统计。

Okay?

了解了吧？

" They had their sights focused on the northern regions, especially the demographics of the northern regions" .

"他们把目光集中在北部地区，尤其关于北部地区的人口统计。"

So we have the " that" , " of that" , now the key is to realize what " that" is.

所以我们有"that"，"of that"，现在关键是要知道"that"指的是什么。

Remember that when we use " that" as a demonstrative pronoun, we're always pointing to something that has already been mentioned, and it's very important that it should be very clear what has been mentioned.

记住，当我们用"that"作为指示代词时，我们总是指向已经提到过的东西，非常重要的是，你应该非常清楚刚才提到了什么。

The demographics of the northern regions, as I already mentioned, and were preparing for an ad war.

北部地区的人口统计，正如我之前提到的，他们正在为一场广告大战做准备。

Okay?

知道了吗？

" Fine wines, and a knowledge thereof, are a luxury few can afford" .

"精品葡萄酒，及相关的知识，是少数人能够负担得起的奢侈品。"

So: " fine wines" and " a knowledge thereof" , knowledge of fine wines.

所以:"精品葡萄酒"和"知识"，关于精品葡萄酒的知识。

Okay?

知道了吗？

So this is what we're doing, we're just linking things together using more formal language.

这就是我们要做的，我们只是用更正式的语言把东西联系起来。

Do you need to practice this a lot?

你需要经常练习吗?

No.

不。

You need to recognize it, and if you can, throw in one or two every once in a while.

你需要认识它，如果可以的话，时不时地使用它。

I personally like " whereby" and " thereby" , I use those pretty often in my writing, but I don't need to.

我个人很喜欢"whereby"和"thereby"，所以我经常在我的写作中使用这些，但我不需要这么做。

I just like to have a little bit of variety when I write, so you can keep that in mind as well.

我只是想在写的时候有一点改变，所以你也可以记一下，学一下。

" Therefore" , again, this is the most commonly used one.

therefore，是最常用的一个过渡词。

Everybody has been taught this as a transition to reach a conclusion, or basically it means " because of that" , and again, " that" , something that's already mentioned.

每个人都学过，这是过渡到结论的一个过渡词，或者也可以说是"因为那个"，"那个"是指前面已经被提及的东西。

So: " I think, therefore I am." So, because I think, because of that, I am.

所以:"我思故我在。"所以，因为我思考，正因为如此，我存在。

Notice we're using. . .

注意我们正在使用......

This is followed by a clause, subject, verb.

therefore后面跟着一个从句，主语，动词。

Here we don't have to follow it by a clause.

这里我们可以不用从句。

We can just use it by itself as an adverb.

我们可以把它作为副词使用。

Here it could be used as a conjunction, introducing an idea in a clause, subject, verb, about the independent clause.

在这里，它可以作为连词，连接这个独立从句的主语和动词，引入一个概念。

" I am well-prepared" , now, here, again I'm using this, I'm starting a new idea, but I'm still linking.

"我准备得很充分"，现在，在这里，我又在用这个，我开始了一个新的想法，但我仍然需要连接上下文。

" . . . there is no reason, therefore, that I should stumble" .

"…因此，我没有理由出错。"

So, because of that, because I am well-prepared, there is no reason I should stumble.

所以，正因为如此，因为我准备充分，所以我没有理由出错。

Okay?

知道了吗？

Reaching a conclusion, saying because, and again, this is the one that you're going to use the most in your writing and even in your spoken English.

得出一个结论，因为，我再强调一下，这个过渡词，你在写作中使用的最多，甚至在你的英语口语中也是如此。

Okay?

对吧？

" Thereafter" , this is very straightforward, it means " after that" , a very specific situation or event.

"thereafter"，这是非常直接的一个过渡词。意思是"此后"，一个非常具体的情况或事件。

" He worked at the university until he retired; " and again I'm starting a new sentence, but I'm using it like a conjunction, a semi-colon.

"他在大学里一直工作直到退休"；我又开始了一个新的句子，但我用的是一个连词，一个分号。

" . . . thereafter" means after he retired, " he took on sporadic work as a consultant" .

"…此后"，意思是在他退休后，"他从事顾问岗位，做一些零碎工作"。

It means sometimes here and there he worked.

这意味着有时他在这里工作，有时在那里工作。

So, after that, after he retired.

所以, 是在他退休之后。

Now, one thing I also want to mention: " therefore" and " thereafter" , and before we had " therein" , these are. . .

现在，有一点我还想提一下:"therefore"和"thereafter"，和之前我们学习过的"therein"，这些是……

These can be commonly used to begin a sentence.

这些通常都可以用在句子开头。

All the rest of them are always within a sentence; they're not commonly used to begin a sentence, they're always part of the structure.

其他的词都通常用在句子中间；它们通常不用在句子开头，只是作为句子的一部分。

Now we're getting to the " wheres" , okay?

现在我们来看看"带where的词" 。

Where. . . . . .

where...

" Wherein" basically also means " in that" or: In what way?

"wherein"的基本意思是"既然"或在哪方面?

Or: In which way?

或者: 在哪一点上?

That's another use.

还有另一种意思。

Another, basically meaning. . .

另一个, 意思是……

Sorry, another use basically is: How?

对不起，另一个意思是: 如何?

Okay?

知道了吗？

" The affidavit did not implicitly outline" , oh, this is a " t" .

"陈述书上没有显示"，哦，这是"t"。

" . . . did not implicitly outline wherein Mr. Smith had broken any laws" .

"…没有显示史密斯先生如何违反任何法律的。"

So, the affidavit, this is like a paper that you take. . .

所以，陈述书，这就像你拿着的一篇文章…

That is given in the court that lists all the problems, all the charges the person is going to face, and what brings a person to court.

在法庭上列出了所有的问题，这个人将要面对的所有指控，以及犯了什么事情，这个人被带上法庭。

And this, it did not show in this how he had broken any laws.

这并没有说明他是如何违反法律的。

So we have no reason to think he's guilty, we have no reason to even arrest him.

所以我们没有理由认为他有罪，更没有理由逮捕他。

Okay?

知道了吗？

" wherein" 。 Now, the thing about " wherein" , this is the least commonly used one of all of the ones I wrote on before.

"wherein"这个过渡词，是我上面写的所有过渡词中最不常用的一个。

Okay?

好吧？

Recognize it, don't try to use it.

认识它就好，不要尝试去使用它。

It's very. . .

它很......

It's a little bit old-fashioned, a little bit too formal, not very commonly used.

它有点过时，有点太过于正式，不太常用。

Okay?

知道了吗？

Just a few more and we're done, and you can start writing your thesis.

再多学一些，我们就完成了，你就可以开始写作文了。

Okay, here's our last two.

好的，这是我们最后的两个。

And like I said, this is my favourite one;I use it regularly.

我说过的，这是我最喜欢的一个，我经常使用它。

" Whereby" means by which or through which, or in accordance with which.

"whereby"意思是凭借，或通过......，或与......一致。

" The company introduced a new incentive program whereby all employees were given an equal shot at the bonuses" . So, basically, this is referring to the program.

"公司推出了一项新的激励计划，让所有员工都能获得奖金。"所以，whereby这里指通过项目。

So, the new incentive program. . .

所以, 新的激励计划……

So, according to this program, all employees were given an equal shot at the bonuses.

根据这个计划，所有的员工都有平等的机会得到奖金。

Again: " whereby" followed by a full clause, subject, and verb clause.

再说一次:"whereby"，后跟一个完整的从句、有主语和动词。

But again it's related back to the last situation: A new program by which, or through which, or in accordance with which, this is what will happen from now on or from that time on.

whereby和它前面讲到的情况有关：一个新的项目，或者通过它，或者根据它，这就发生了从现在开始或者从那个时候开始的事情。

Okay?

知道了吗？

And " hereby" .

然后是"hereby"。

Now, " hereby" you will hear more than you will read.

"hereby"这个词你听到的要比你读到的要多。

It has very specific situations where you will read it, but you will hear it actually quite often, and I'll give you some examples.

一些特别的使用场合，你才会读到它。但你会经常听到它，我会给你一些例子。

The most common place you'll read it is when somebody resigns or gives up a position.

你最常读到hereby的地方是当有人辞职或放弃某个职位时。

" Given the present circumstances, I hereby resign my post as CEO" . Okay?

"鉴于目前的情况，我特此辞去首席执行官一职。"了解了吗?

There's a company, there was a scandal, and because of this scandal, the CEO says: " Okay, I need to retire. I need to be accountable, take responsibility" .

有一家公司，有丑闻，因为这呢，CEO说:"好吧，我只能辞职。"我需要负起责任，承担责任。

So: " With this letter I resign" , so by means of this declaration, by means of this statement, that's what " hereby" means.

所以:"写辞职信"。这里就是特此宣称、声明，这就是"hereby"的意思。

It means with this letter, with this declaration, with this speech, this is what I am doing.

这意味着，在这封信里，在这个声明里，这是我正在做的事情。

" I hereby resign" within the clause.

"本人特此辞职"。

Now, if you watch the Olympics, you go to the opening ceremonies, there's like a. . .

现在，如果你看奥运会，你去参加开幕式，就像……

All the athletes come in and then the torch finally comes in, and then after the torch the President or whoever of the country or of the IOC, of the Olympic Committee, says: " I hereby declare the Olympic Games open" , so by saying it, it is true.

所有的运动员都进场了，然后火炬手最后进场，在火炬传递之后，国家总统或其他负责人或国际奥委会的成员，说道:"我在此宣布奥林匹克运动会开幕"。这样说，是为了强调确实如此。

That's what " hereby" means, and that's why it's very commonly used when expressing a situation, or in written letters when you're. . .

这就是"hereby"的意思。非常的常用，在你表达某种情况时，或写信时......

Especially when you're resigning.

尤其是当你辞职的时候。

" I hereby resign" , " I hereby declare" , " I hereby hand over the company to my son" , etc. With this letter, this is what I am doing.

"我特此宣布"，"我特此声明"，"我在此将公司移交给我的儿子"等等。用这封信，表明这就是我正在做的。

Again, all of these words are commonly used in academic and more formal writing.

再次说明，所有这些过渡词在学术和正式写作中都很常用。

I urge you, those of you who are a bit more advanced levels who are going to be taking a test, who are going to be going to an English-speaking university where you will have to do some writing, academic writing, pick two, three of these transitions and try to use them, try to implement them in your writing to give it a little bit more style, a little bit more flare, a little bit more formality.

我希望你们, 稍微有点水平的，将要去参加考试的，去英语国家的大学求学的，在那里，你们要写一些文章，学术论文，选择两个或三个过渡词，尝试使用它们，尝试在你的写作中使用它们，让你的文章更有风格，更有特色，更正式。

Okay?

好吗？

I hope this lesson was clear enough.

我希望这一课讲得足够清楚。

Oh, one more thing.

哦, 还有一件事。

I know that I used somewhat difficult sentences, maybe lots of new vocabulary for you.

我知道我用了一些比较难的句子，可能有很多新词汇。

But again, the reason I did that is because all of these words: " there/wherebys" , all of these transitions are generally used with higher-end sentences, with higher-end vocabulary.

但是，我这么做的原因，是因为所有的这些词there/wherebys，这些过渡词通常都是连接高端句子时使用。

They're not used with simple English, which is why the sentences were not very simple either.

它们不用于简单的英语句子，这就是为什么含有这些词的句子也不简单的原因了。

So keep that in mind.

所以记住这一点。

And also I just want to say hi to Hossain, he requested this lesson.

另外，我还想跟Hossain打个招呼，他要求我上这节课。

He actually had a whole list of other transitions, but there were too many, so I put a nice little selection now.

他实际上还有很多其他的过渡词要教，但是太多了，所以我就选择了其中一些。

I will do another lesson for the other ones at another time.

我将在另一节课中讲解其他的词。

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