学员朋友们大家好,我是教课蚪英语的Tim老师,今天我们将学习短语动词。
一,观察下列词组:
see a film: 看电影
read a book:读书
drive a car:开车
receive a letter: 收到一封信
set the table:摆餐具,摆桌子
在上述词组中,及物动词后面再加宾语就构成了 动词短语.
(我们在这补充一下什么是及物动词、不及物动词。及物动词用vt. 表示,后面可直接加宾语;不及物动词用vi.表示,即使后面不跟宾语词义也是完整的,比如sleep “睡觉”,后面就不需要再加宾语就可以了。但是如果不及物动词后面要跟宾语必须加上介词,比如:listen to 。还有一些词既可作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词。)
二、下列不及物动词后能直接跟宾语吗?
listen,look, go, ...
尝试翻译下列词组:
看着我 :look at me
听收音机 :listen to music
继续工作:go on working
(因为这三个词都是不及物动词,所以后面不能直接加宾语)
像这些由两个或三个词组成的短语,第一个是动词,第二个是副词或介词,或者副词后面再跟介词,然后再跟宾语,这种词组就叫短语动词 ( Phrasal verbs)。短语动词又叫 _多词动词 (multiple-word verbs)。
我们要分清楚短语动词和动词短语的区别,vt. 宾语 构成动词短语,vt./vi. 副词/介词 宾语构成短语动词。
接下来我们看下短语动词的类型有哪些?
三、短语动词的类型:
1. vt./ vi. prep. (及物动词/不及物动词 介词)
listen to 听, look at看,look after 照顾,look for 寻找, hear of 听说, ask for 要求,请求 read of/ about 读..., think of/about 考虑,思考
2. vt./ vi. adv. (及物动词/不及物动词 副词)
turn off 关, turn on 开, work out 解决, put forward 提出, put off 推迟, ind out 找到, give up 放弃, call off 取消
3. vt./vi. adv. prep. (及物动词/不及物动词 副词 介词)
do away with 废除, break away from放弃,脱离, go on with 继续,
put up with 忍受, run out of 用完 , look forward to盼望
4. vt. n. prep (及物动词 名词 介词)
make friends with和...交朋友, make use of利用, make fun of取消,
take part in参加, shake hands with 握手, keep pace with 保持同步
5. be adj.(v-ed) prep. (be 形容词/过去分词 介词)
be afraid of 害怕, be angry with sb. 生某人气,be aware of意识到
be busy with忙于 ,be certain of确信, be late for迟到,
be interested in对...感兴趣, be satisfied with对...满意,
be excited at对...感到兴奋, be tired of 厌烦, be worried about 担心...,be bored with对..厌倦
总结1:
be 表语形容词/过去分词 介词相当于一个及物动词,后面再接宾语构成短语动词。
研究以下几组短语动词,总结规律
第一组
1.take pride in, take care of, take place of
2.look after, look at, look for, look forward to
3.turn into, turn off, turn on, turn out
有无规律? 有, 规律是:动词相同
第二组
1.look for, ask for, pay for, prepare for
2.take off, show off, cut off, set off
3.set out, put out, take out, turn out
有无规律?__有____, 规律是:介词/副词相同。
第三组
1.ask for, look for, pick out, put up
2.put off, turn down, give away, look up
3.turn on, laugh at, spread out, play with
有无规律?___无___。
总结2:
短语动词就是以动词为中心,后跟介词/副词后再跟宾语。
(也就是在动词和宾语之间有介词/副词参与时是“短语动词”,如果动词和宾语之间没有介词/副词参与是“动词短语”。)
四,重点回顾:1、短语动词大多数相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语,也有少数短语动词仍然相当于不及物动词。例如: get up, come on, go by, turn up等。
2、由“be 表语形容词/ 过去分词”这种结构的短语动词,除了在“be 表语形容词/过去分词”后跟介词,也可以在“be 表语形容词/过去分词”后跟不定式短语做宾语,还可以在“be 表语形容词/过去分词”后跟that引导的宾语从句。以afraid和sure为例:
第一组:afraid
I’m afraid of making mistakes.
I’m afraid to make mistakes.
I’m afraid that I will make mistakes.
第二组:sure
I’m sure of my success.
I’m sure to succeed.
I’m sure that I will succeed.
五.中考链接
1.(2019,天津,32)If you want to join the Music Club, _____ the form, please.
A.go out B. fill out C. get up D. warm up
(解析:“form”是“表格”的意思,注意区分开form和from ,A .go
out 出去;B.fill out 填写;C.get up 起床;D.warm up 热身,所以选
B.)
2.(2019,安徽,41)--Shall we go to the airport to _____ your sister?
--I don’t think it’s necessary. She will come here by taxi.
A. see off B. pick up C. look after D. come across
(解析:A.see off 送别;B.pick up接、捡起来;C.look after 照顾;D.偶遇,邂逅
句意是:我们去机场接你姐姐吗?回答说“我认为不需要,她会自己坐出租车来”,所以选B.)
3.(2019,山西,27)Fighting for your dreams is like climbing a mountain. Whatever difficulties you meet , don’t _____. Just move on.
A.set off B. come out C. give up
(解析:A.set off 出发;Be out 出版,出现,还可指树木花等开花发芽;C.放弃 句意是:追求梦想就像爬山,无论遇到什么困难,都不要放弃继续向前。故选C)
4.(2019,河北,31)On the first day of Chinese New Year, we _____ new clothes and visit people.
A.pick up B. put on C. take off D. throw away.
(解析:B.put on 穿上、上演;C.take off 脱下;D.throw away 扔掉句意是:在新年的第一天我们穿新衣服并拜访他人。故选B)
5.(2019,福建,29)My deskmate and I are going to ____ a talk show at the party to celebrate the 70th birthday of our motherland.
A. hand in B. put on C. take out
(解析:A.hand in 交;B.put on 穿上、上演;C.take out 取出、去掉
句意:我和我的同桌将要在庆祝祖国70周年的晚会上演一个脱口秀)
欢迎提出批评、建议和疑问,我在评论区等你。
动动手指转发一下,让身边更多的朋友学好英语!赠人玫瑰,手留余香
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