初中英语知识点宾语从句
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一、连接词
宾语从句的连接词分为三类：
1. 引导陈述句用that（在口语或非正式文体中常常省略）。
2. 引导一般疑问句用if或whether。
注意：下列几种情况通常使用whether：（1）在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether；（2）在介词之后用whether；（3）在不定式前用whether等。
3. 引导特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词。
一Excuse me，could you tell me__________?
—There's a bank on the second floor．You can make it there．[黄冈市]
A. where I can change money B. how I can get to the bank
C. if there's a bank near here D. where the bank is
[答案]A．[解析]考查宾语从句的连词用法。根据上下问可知应选A。
二、语序
在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律是用“连接词＋陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定。
1．—Do you know ______________now?
一In the People's Hotel．[北京市]
A. where is Tom working B. where did Tom work
C. where Tom is working D. where Tom worked
[答案]C．[解析]考查宾语从句要用陈述句语序。宾语从句要注意两点：①从句用陈述句语序；②前后时态要一致。故排除A、B，D时态不对，故选C。
三、时态
1. 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的时态可视情况使用任何一种相关的时态。
2. 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，宾语从句必须使用过去相应的某一种时态。
3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句是用什么时态，从句时态习惯上都用一般现在时。
4. 情态动词could / would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。
Excuse me, could you tell me when __the new Olympic Center?
A. are we visited B. will we visit C. we are visited D. we will visit
[答案]D。 [解析]考查宾语从句的用法。从句要用陈述句语序，而且时态要与主句一致。从句意看本句不能用被动语态，故排除A、c。本题考查的是以when引导的宾语从句。B没用陈述句语序，故排除，此处could只表委婉的语气，并不表过去。
—Could you tell me whom the radio _________by?
一Sorry，I have no idea．[福州市]
A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented
[答案]D。[解析]考查宾语从句的时态和语态的用法。从句中的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者，这时应使用被动语态，这样A、B两项可以排除。我们还应考虑到，收音机的“发明”一定是过去的事情，所以该句的时态应是一般过去时，谓语的构成为“was／were 动词的过去分词”。
I didn’t understand __________, so I raised my hand to ask..
A. what my teacher says B. what does my teacher say
C. what my teacher said D. what did my teacher say
答案为C。本题为宾语从句，由于需要用陈述语序可排除B、D；另外，主句时态为一般过去时，则从句也要用对应的过去时态，故还可排除A。
四、简化
宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“特殊疑问词 不定式”、“it 形容词 不定式短语”、复合宾语、动词不定式（名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。
I don’t know what I should do with the letter. （改为简单句）（年山东烟台）
I don’t know what ___________ ___________ with the letter.
答案与解析：答案为to do。当主句谓语动词是know，learn，forget，remember等，其后接疑问词（连接代词／副词）引导的宾语从句，且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化成“疑问词（连接代词／副词 不定式（短语）”结构，故空白处填to do。
《宾语从句汇编练习》I. 句型转换
1. “I can help repair the bike.” said Jerry. (改为宾语从句)
Jerry said __________ he __________ help repair the bike.
2.“Do you have a meeting to attend tomorrow?” I asked Jack. (改为宾语从句)
I asked Jack _________ he _________ a meeting to attend the next day.
3. “We will go for a picnic this weekend,” Tim said to us. (改为宾语从句)
Tim told us that _______ _______ go for a picnic that weekend.
4. “Do you often stay up late, Linda?” The teacher asked. (改为宾语从句)
The teacher asked Linda __________ she often __________ up late.
5. “Will they come to attend the meeting?” asked the boss. (改为宾语从句)
The boss asked __________ they __________ come to the meeting.
6. I haven't decided which ferry I shall take to Hong Kong Island. (改为简单句)
I haven't decided which ferry_____________ ____________ to Hong Kong Island.
7. Detective Ken didn't know how he could deal with this case. (改为简单句)
Detective Ken didn't know_____________ ____________ deal with this case.
8. Can you tell me when I should water the flowers? (改为简单句)
Can you tell me_____________ ____________ water the flowers?
9. Tom wondered if he should go or stay at that time. (改为宾语句)
Tom wondered____________ ____________ go or stay at that time.
10. The boy asked his mother, "Does water freeze at 0℃?" (改为宾语从句)
The boys asked his mother water at 0℃!.
11. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" (改为宾语从句)
Jack's mother asked him he packed his things.
12. Martin asked the man, "Are you Mr. Smith?" (改为宾语从句)
Martin asked the man he Mr. Smith.
13. "What did Father Christmas put in your stocking, Alice?" Mary asked. (改为宾语从句)
Mary asked Alice what Father Christmas put in stocking.
14. Is the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know. (改为宾语从句)
I don't know the watch made in Shanghai or not.
KEYS：1. that could 2. if/whether, had 3. they, would 4. whether/if stayed 5. whether/if would 6. to take 7. how to 8. when to 9. whether to 10. if/whether…freezes 11. if whether…had 12. if…was 13. had…her 14. whether..is
II. 真题训练
2018一模
1. Does her aunt live in Canada? I am not sure. (改为含有宾语从句的复合句)（普陀）
I am not sure her aunt in Canda.
2. Could you please tell me _________?（奉贤）
A) how can I get to the supermarket B) how could I get to the supermarket
C)how I can get to the supermarket D) how I could get to the supermarket
3. “What have you learned in the university?” The manager asked Tom. (改为宾语从句)（松江）
The manager asked Tom he learned in the university.
4. “Have you ever been in in a maglev train?” Our science teacher asked us.(合并成一句)（长宁）
Our science teacher asked us________we ________ever been in a maglev train.
5. We haven’t decided _______ we will hang the new painting.（虹口）
A) what B) where C) which D) why
6. Tony asked his mom.” How will we spend the Spring Festival?” (改为宾语从句)
Tony asked his mom how________ _________ spend the Spring Festival
7.Could you please tell me ?（嘉定）
A)how long she has gone to Hong Kong B)how long she has been in Hong Kong
C)how long has she been in Hong Kong D)how long she has been to Hong Kong
8. “ Have you ever ridden a shared-bike?” Linda asked her mom.（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）（浦东）
Linda asked her mom _________ she _________ ever ridden a shared-bike.
9. He didn’t tell us______.(宝山)
A. if he will give us a lecture B. whether he would go with you
C. when would he start D. when he will arrive
10. Our monitor told us, “We will move to a new campus (校园) next year.” (改为宾语从句)(青浦)
Our monitor told us that we _____ ______ to a new campus the next year.
11. “What did you do to the poor dog?” the lady asked her son. （改为宾语从句）(黄浦)
The lady asked her son what he ______ ______ to the poor dog.
12. Tim’s friend asked him. “ Will you apply for a position at IBM Company?”(合并成宾语从句)(崇明)
Tim’s friend asked him _____ he ______ apply for a position at IBM Company.
13. Did Maggie fly to New York alone ? He wonders. ( 改为宾语从句)(闵行)
He wonders______Maggie______to New York alone.
答案:1-5 if..lives C what ..had if..had B 6-10 they ..would B whether\if..had B would ..move 11-13 has ..done if...would if..flew
分析：1. 一般疑问句变为宾语从句，连接词用if，主现从任意
2. 宾语从句用陈述句语序，主现从任意
3. 特殊疑问句变宾语从句，连接词用特殊疑问词，主过从过
4. 一般疑问句变为宾语从句，连接词用if，主过从过
5. 根据句意“我们还没有决定在哪里挂这副话”
6. 宾语从句的考点，主过从过
7. 宾语从句用陈述句语序，how long要和has been in搭配
8. 考查 宾语从句，主过从过，直接引语中是一般疑问句，所以用whether\if
9. 宾语从句用陈述句语序，主过从过
10. 宾语从句的考点，主过从过
11. 宾语从句首先是陈述语序，其次是时态，原句是过去式，所以遵从主过从过原则，时态变成现完
12. 一般疑问句变为宾语从句，连接词用if，主过从过
13. 一般疑问句变为宾语从句，连接词用if，主现从任意
2018二模
1. We wondered if Judy_______ to Australia next week for business. （普陀）
A. flies B. have flown C. has flown D. would fly
2. I'm planning a trip to the beach tomorrow, but still can't decide____________. （奉贤）
A) where I’m going B)how I'm going to get there
C) why I am planning it D)when I'm planning it
3. Can you tell me ______ I can search for information on the Internet?（松江）
A. what B. how C. when D. where
4. What does Alice send to ms Jones on her birthday every year? Could you tell me?(合并成一句)（长宁）
Could you tell me_____Alice______to Ms Jones on her birthday every year?
5.He said that he _______ to teach kids in the orphanage(孤儿院) after he graduated from school.（徐汇）
A.will volunteer B.would volunteer C.has volunteered D.is volunteering
6. “Are you going to celebrate the opening of the shop?” the secretary asked.(改为宾语从句)（嘉定）
The secretary asked ________ they _______ going to celebrate the opening of the shop.
7. A: Do you know _______we will know the results of the exam?（宝山）
B: In two weeks, I suppose
A) how much B) how far C) how soon D) how long
8. The road sign shows us_________________.（青浦）
A. how can we get to the International Meeting Center
B. which road leads to the International Meeting Center
C. where is the International Meeting Center
D. what can we do in the International Meeting Center
9.“Can I pay for the e-book by credit card?" Jane asked the shop assistant.(改为宾语从句）（黄浦）
Jane asked the shop assistant whether______ ______ pay for thee-book by credit card.
10. “ What will you do after leaving secondary school ? ” asked my parents. (合并成宾语从句)（崇明）
My parents asked ______ I ______ do after leaving secondary school.
11.I asked the teacher, “Can I ask for leave this afternoon?”（合并为一句）（静安）
I asked the teacher_____ I_____ ask for leave this afternoon.
12. Mum asked,”Why are you wearing Linda’s clothes?”(改为宾语从句)（杨浦）
Mum asked me why ____ ______ wearing Linda’s clothes.
13. ‘How can I improve my English?’The boy asked the teacher. (改为宾语从句)（闵行）
The boy asked the teacher_______he_______improve his English .
答案:1-5 D A B what..sends B 6-10 if..would C B she... could what would 11-13 if..could I..was how..could
分析：1. next week说明是一般将来时，主过从过，用过去将来时
2. 根据句子意思，应该是问怎样去
3. 特殊疑问词，根据后面句意判断缺方式，故选how。
4. 特殊疑问句变宾语从句，连接词用特殊疑问词，主现从任意
5. 说的是毕业后将做某事，用将来时，主过从过
6. 一般疑问句变为宾语从句，连接词用if，主过从过
7. 回答是In two weeks，所以从句连接词是how soon
8. 宾语从句用陈述句语序
9. 一般疑问句变为宾语从句，连接词用if，主过从过
10. 特殊疑问句变宾语从句，连接词用特殊疑问词，主过从过
11. 一般疑问句变为宾语从句，连接词用if，主过从过
12. 特殊疑问句变宾语从句，连接词用特殊疑问词，主过从过
13. 特殊疑问句变宾语从句，连接词用特殊疑问词，主过从过
2017一模
1. “Do you take your pet to work every day?” the reporter asked the actress. (改为宾语从句)（普陀）
The reporter wondered _______ the actress _______ her pet to work every day.
2. Alice asked Tina,“Have you got everything ready for the competition?”(改为宾语从句)（奉贤）
Alice asked Tina ______ she______ got everything ready for the competition?”
3. “Have you repaired my watch yet, Dad？”Kitty asked her father. (改为宾语从句)（松江）
Kitty asked her father _______ he _______ already repaired her watch.
4. -Do you know Jackson lost his job?（长宁）
- I’m not sure about the reason.
A) when B) if C) where D)why
5. The little girl asked her mum .（虹口）
A.when will her baby teeth start to fall out
B.when her baby teeth would start to fall out
C.when would her baby teeth start to fall out
D.when her baby teeth will start to fall out
6. I asked Tim, “Have you found the lost pet dog?”(改为宾语从句)（徐汇）
I asked Tim ____ he ____ found the lost pet dog or not.
7. He can’t decide what to buy for his mother’s birthday. （改为宾语从句）（嘉定）
He can’t decide what _______ _______ buy for his mother’s birthday.
8. Could you please tell me ?（浦东）
A) where can I find the nearest shopping mall B) where is the nearest shopping mall
C) where I can find the nearest shopping mall D) how can I get to the nearest shopping mall
9. When did Tom come to realize the importance of study? Could you tell me (改为宾语从句)（宝山）
Could you tell me________ Tom__________ to realize the importance of study?
10. How does learning take place in our mind? Scientists are not quite sure. （改为宾语从句）（青浦）
Scientists are not quite sure how ________ ________ place in our mind.11.. “When
11.will your winter holiday begin?” I asked Jack.(合并为宾语从句）（黄浦）
I asked Jack when his winter holiday .
12. Do you respect all living things? Our geography teacher asked us.(合并成一句)（崇明）
Our geography teacher asked us_______we _______all living things.
13. “Have you collected any information about the earthquake in Chile.” asked Ann. （改为宾语从句）（静安）
Ann asked I collected any information about the earthquake in Chile.
14. ‘Do you always leave the office late?’ the policeman asked the lady.(合并成 宾语从句)（杨浦）
The policeman asked the lady __________ she always _________-the office late.
答案:1-5 if..took if...had if...had B B 6-10 if...had he...will C when...came learning...takes 11-14 would begin if...respected if...had if...left
分析：1. 一般疑问句变为宾语从句，连接词用if，主过从过
2. 一般疑问句变为宾语从句，连接词用if，主过从过
3. 一般疑问句变为宾语从句，连接词用if，主过从过
4. 一般疑问句变为宾语从句，连接词用if
5. 从句部分用陈述句，主过从过
6.一般疑问句变为宾语从句，连接词用if，主过从过
7. 从句用陈述句，主语是he，主过从过
8. 连接词where 陈述句，Could you please tell me是表示主现，主现从任意
9. 特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，连接词用疑问词，Could you tell me是主现，。主现从任意
10. 主句Scientists are not quite sure是主现从任意，从句主语是learning
11.从句部分用陈述句，主过从过
12.从句部分用陈述句，主过从过用一般将来时
13.一般疑问句变为宾语从句，连接词用if，主过从过
14.一般疑问句变为宾语从句，连接词用if，主过从过
2017二模
1. Jack told the librarian that the book as soon as he finished reading it. （普陀）
A.was returned B.would be returned C.has been returned D.will be returned
2. Could you tell me_____? （奉贤）
A) why you were late for school. B) where can I borrow the DVD C) if he had given us a lesson D) how would he deal with the case.
3.I hope Mr. and Mrs. Smith ________ together with their lost son in no time.（松江）
A. get B. will get C. would get D. have got
4. I wonder______ as the advertisement has promised.（长宁）
A. does the air-cleaner really work
B. the air-cleaner really works
C. that the air cleaner really work
D. if the air-cleaner really works
5. “Did you write a letter to your parents?” The teacher asked the students. (改为宾语从句)（虹口）
The teacher asked the students if they _______ ________ a letter to their parents.
6 .Excuse me, could you tell me____? （嘉定）
A. where is the nearest shopping mall B. where was the nearest shopping mall
C. where the nearest shopping mall is D. where the nearest shopping mall was
7. John wonders, “Why did we make him our monitor?” (改为宾语从句)（浦东）
John wonders ________ we _________ him our monitor？
8. Did they know the answer to the question?I didn't know...(改为一句含有宾语从句的复合句)（宝山）
I didn't know if they the answer to the question.
9. I wonder ________ at the advertisement he promised. （青浦）
A. does the air –cleaner really work B. the air –cleaner really works
C. that the air –cleaner really works D. if the air –cleaner really works
10. "Will you go abroad for further study?" the teacher asked me. (改为宾语从句)（黄浦）
The teacher asked me ______ I ______ go abroad for further study。
11. My father promised that he________me a new computer the next week.（崇明）
A) buy B) buys C) will buy D) would buy
12. "John, will you go abroad to continue your study next year?" Susan asked.(改为宾语从句）（静安）
Susan asked______John _______ go abroad to continue his study the next year.
13. “Where were you at the time of robbery?” asked the policeman. (改为宾语从句)（杨浦）
The policeman asked ________ I ________ at the time of robbery.
14.“Have you got enough time to finish your homework?”Mum asked May.（改为宾语从句）（闵行）
Mum asked May ________ she ________ got enough time to finish her homework.
答案:1-5 B A B D had...written 6-10 C why...made had ..known D whether..would 11-14 D if ...would where...was if...had
分析：1. 此题主要考的是时态和语态，主句时态为一般过去时，故从句也为过去时态，且表示只要他读完他将还给图书管理员，而且书是被还，故选B.
2. 考察宾语从句，时态一致，陈述句语序，排除BCD,A表述正确，选A.
3. in no time说明用将来时，主句是现在时，从句用一般将来时
4. wonder if 从句，主现从任意
5. 主句谓语asked，主过从过
6. 从句用陈述句，could you tell me是主现，主现从任意
7. 特殊疑问句变宾语从句，连接词用特殊疑问词，主现从任意
8. had known. 由didn’t可知主句是过去式，所以从句也要是过去式的一种，他们知道答案是在我之前发生的，故选用过去完成时。
9. wonder if 从句，主现从任意
10. 直接引语改为改为宾语从句的规则：连接词 陈述句语序。原句的直接引语为一般疑问句，故连接词为whether/if，主句为过去式，从句改为相应的过去时态：过去将来时。
11.句中我父亲过去承诺的将来的事，所以用过去将来时，过去将来时的结构是：should/would 动词原形，故选D。
12. 一般疑问句变为宾语从句，连接词用if，主过从过
13. 特殊疑问句变宾语从句，连接词用特殊疑问词，主过从过
14. 一般疑问句变为宾语从句，连接词用if，主过从过
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