说起自恋(narcissism)，你会想起谁吗？还是说，你一直很好奇自己算不算是一个自恋的人？
Narcissism means that someone is too concerned about their apprearance or abilities or spends too much time admiring themselves. This word is usually used to show disapproval.
自恋指的是一个人过于在乎自己的外表或能力，或者花太多时间自我欣赏。这个词通常是用来表达一种不赞同的意思。
人们对自恋者(narcissist)的定义可能不尽相同，但心理学界其实是有明确的评判标准的。今天，我们就来讲讲专业人士经常用来诊断自恋的5个维度：
1. They feel different from others.
他们感觉自己与众不同
他们总觉得自己在某些方面优于常人，虽然他们不一定总是将这种心态表现出来；不过这种形象在他们眼中并不一定是稳定的，他们常常会需要寻找确认感(reassurance)，而且这些人其实内心深处总对自己抱有一定程度的不满，觉得自己还能够更好。
2. They lack empathy.
他们缺少同理心
心理学家约瑟夫·布尔戈(Joseph Burgo)认为，自恋者的第一大特点是对其他人缺乏兴趣，并且他们无法设想别人的感受。
3. They need people to admire them.
他们需要有人来仰慕他们
自恋者喜欢被人称赞，而且常常觉得别人的确会称赞他们，如果别人没有做出这种举动，他们甚至会感到惊讶或者疑惑。
4. They care about status.
他们对社会地位很敏感
比如，他们可能会说出这样的句子：“你知道那个人多有钱吗？”
5. They are too self-absorbed to listen to you.
他们太过自我中心，听不进别人讲话
表现在日常交谈中，这些人要么是只顾自己说话，要么是经常在你还没讲完的时候就打断你。
如何？这5个里面你占了几个？或者你身边有人占全了吗？喜欢自己是一件好事，但如果太过头就有问题了哦，不如隔一段时间就用这个清单自测一下吧，说不定能发现自己忽略掉的问题呢。
OK，来讲一讲今天的词 disapproval。这个名词表达的是“不喜欢”、“不认可”、“不赞成”这种感觉，用法是 in disapproval
He said that in disapproval.
他带着一种不认可的口吻那样说。
它的动词形式是 disapprove，用法是 disapprove of
I can't imagine she would disapprove of you.
我想象不出她竟然会对你不满。
What are some psychological tricks, useful in daily life?
有哪些心理学知识很实用？
You can change your eating behavior by redesigning your environment.
你可以通过改造环境来改变你的饮食习惯。
Brian Wansink, author of Mindless Eating, describes how our environment influences how we eat:
布莱恩文森克，《愚蠢的食物》以书的作者，描述了我们周围的环境是怎么影响我们吃东西的：
“If you use a big spoon, you’ll eat more. If you serve yourself on a big plate, you’ll eat more. If you move the small bowl of chocolates on your desk six feet away you’ll eat half as much. If you eat chicken wings and remove the bones from the table, you’ll forget how much you ate and you’ll eat more.”
“如果你用大勺子，你就吃得更多。如果你用大盘子吃饭，你就吃得更多。如果你把桌上的一小碗巧克力挪到离你6尺远的地方，你就会支持掉一半。如果你在吃鸡翅的时候把骨头从桌子上清理走了，你就会忘记已经吃了多少，从而吃得更多。”
Well, you can use your environment to help you eat less without starving yourself.
当然，你可以利用环境来让你少吃点却又不用挨饿。
You do this by eating your food in smaller plates/ bowls.
通过用更小的盘子或者碗来吃饭解决。
When you use a large plate, you have to add a lot of food on it to make it look full. If your brain thinks you’re eating less, the more likely it’ll be to want a second serving. (Thanks survival mode).
当你用大盘子的时候，你会点很多食物让它看起来很满。如果你的大脑提醒你，你吃得太少了，那很可能你要再点一份了。（这是生存规律）
However, if you put that same amount of food on a small plate, your mind will tell you that you are eating a large portion and you’ll stop adding food. That visual cue will trick your brain into thinking it’s had enough to eat.
然而，当你把等量的食物放在一个小盘子里的时候，你的大脑会告诉你你已经在吃很大一份了，这样你就不会再点了。这种视觉提示会骗过你的大脑，告诉你不能再吃了。
Look at the image below and tell me which circle is bigger – the one on the left or the one on the right?
看下图告诉我哪个圆圈更大-左边的还是右边的？
It’s a trick question - they’re both the same size.
其实是一道迷惑你们的问题-它们是一样大的。
Here’s the same image, but with actual food.
这里是一样的图片，但是配上了真实的食物。
Either way, you are eating the same amount of food.
同样的，你吃了一样多的食物。
This is known as the Delboeuf Illusion.
这就是著名的德伯夫大小错觉。
Delboeuf was a 19th-century Belgian philosopher, and he discovered if you surround two identical circles with different amounts of “white space,” people think they’re looking at two different circles.
德波夫是一位19世纪比利时的物理学家，他发现如果两个有不同“留白区域”的完全相同的圆圈摆他们面前，人们会觉得他们在看两个不同的圆。
The more “white space” around the circle, the smaller the circle appears.
圆圈周围“留白部分”越大，这个圆圈看起来越小。
This is why the black circle on the left in the image above looks smaller than the one on the right.
这也是为什么以上图片中左边的被色圆圈看起来比右边的小。
And it’s why the bowl of cereal on the left below looks less full than the one on the right. And that’s why the small plate feels fuller and more filling.
这也是为什么下面左边那碗鼓舞看起来没有右边的满。而且这也是为什么小盘子看起来更满。
Downsizing your plates will reduce the number of calories you are eating and allow you to feel satisfied at the same time.
减小你的盘子的尺寸会减少你摄入的卡路里，而且会让你感到满足
A study shows that eating from a 10-inch plate instead of a 12–inch one cuts your calories by a whooping 22%! That means this small change could result in an estimated 10 pounds in weight loss over the course of one year!
调查显示用直径10英尺的盘子代替直径12英尺的盘子来吃饭的话，竟然可以减少22%的卡路里摄入。这就是说这个小小的改变可以让你在一年之中减重大约10英镑。
Another study followed 200 homes in Syracuse over 4 months, and found that people randomly assigned to use smaller plates lost three pounds more than those given larger plates.
另一个由在锡拉库扎的200个家庭经过4个多月完成的实验，得出的结论就是那些被安排使用小盘子家庭的人随随便便就比其他用大盘子家庭的人减重的3英镑。
“It is easier to change your food environment than to change your mind.” – Brian Wansink
“改变你的用餐环境比改变你的想法容易。” -布莱恩文森克
Hope you found this helpful!
希望这对你有用！
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