一.变为名词：1.变为表示职业的（或某国人的）名词(1) er：
farmer worker teacher singer dancer photographer waiter player reporter listener writer reader runner owner foreigner
(2) or：doctor visitor actor conductor inventor director translator professor monitor operator donor
(3) ian：musician librarian veterinarian Australian Canadian Indian Brazilian American
(4) ist：artist dentist scientist tourist journalist specialist optometrist pianist violinist psychologist terrorist
(5) man：postman fisherman
Englishman Frenchman
2. 变为表示抽象的名词(1) t(s)ion：invention collection pronunciation donation pollution association solution discussion congratulation suggestion permission attention situation donation
(2) ment：agreement appointment
development advertisement
environment commitment
equipment argument
(3) ty：safety popularity
difficulty activity
beauty
(4) th：death growth truth youth
wealth health length
(5) ness：illness goodness business
kindness darkness
(6) ance：appearance(7)ship：friendship hardship(8)t变ce：different → difference
important → importance
confident → confidence
convenient → convenience
silent → silence
(9)其它：fail → failure proud → pride
high → height weigh → weight
fly → flight success → succeed
speak → speech please→ pleasure
二.既是名词又是动词的词：question：问题；怀疑
answer：回答；回答说,答道
talk：讲话；谈话,演讲,话题
walk：步行距离,步法；走
smoke：冒烟,喷烟；烟
smile：恩惠,好意,笑容；微笑
laugh：以笑表示...；笑,嘲笑
cry：要求,呼吁；哭
kiss：轻拂,轻触；吻
dream：梦；想像,幻想
cook：烹饪；厨师
drink：饮料；喝
point：点,标记,想法；指出,指
watch：手表；看,观看
book：书,手册；预订,登记
dog：狗；指尾随某人,困扰某人或某事
charge：照顾、责任、命令；售价；充电
color：颜色,色彩；把……涂上颜色
cover：覆盖,笼罩；封皮,借口
snake：蜿蜒而行；拖拉(地上某物)
hand 手 拿持
head 头 朝......方向前进
pig 、猪 （在肮脏处)挤、睡在一块儿
chicken 小鸡 退缩，害怕
fox 狐狸 行骗
record记录 记录
present 礼物 送礼
三.动物名称的名词用作动词：1. dog：跟踪，尾随
Whenever I go，my little brother dogs my footsteps．
无论我上哪儿，我的小弟弟总是尾随着我。
2．monkey：耍弄，乱搞
Don’t monkey with my television．
别乱动我的电视机。
3．snake：蜿蜒而行；拖拉(地上某物)
Since the train was snaking along at a brisk clip，the diner
swayed from side to side．
列车开始弯弯曲曲地急速前行之后，餐车便开始左右摇晃起来。
4．wolf：狼吞虎咽
The starving man wolfed down the food。
饿汉狼吞虎咽地吃完了食物。
5．fish：取出(某物)；捕捞
He fished out a coin for the boy．
他取出了一块硬币给这男孩。
6. crane：伸长脖子看
Jack craned to see the coins in the well．
杰克伸长了脖子看水井中的硬币。
7. ape：模仿，仿效
Do not ape your betters．不要效颦。
8．badger(獾)：纠缠，缠住
If you badger him long enough，I’m sure he’ll agree．如果你老是缠住他，他就会同意了。
9．pig：(在肮脏处)挤、睡在一块儿
The hotels were all full so we had to pig it in an old hut for the night．
旅馆都客满了，我们只得在旧棚子里对付它一夜。
10．chicken：退缩，害怕
All the boys ran to put out the fire，but Mike chickened out．
男孩都跑去救火，迈克却退缩了。
11．parrot：鹦鹉学舌般地复述
On the whole，the students seemed serious and hard-working，but they confined themselves to parroting textbooks。
总的来说，学生看来认真又用功，但是他们只是死背教科书。
12．beetle：(像甲虫一样)匆忙行走
After work we all beetled off for a drink．
下班之后，我们都匆匆忙忙去喝点什么。
13．bug：暗设窃听器；烦恼，折磨
The spy bugged enemy headquarters．
间谍在敌军司令部暗设了窃听器。
14．worm：(虫一般)慢慢爬行；慢慢钻营
The soldier wormed his way toward the enemy’s lines．士兵慢慢向敌人的防线爬去。
15．fox：行骗
To his mind everybody was dodging and foxing．在他看来，人人都在搞鬼和行骗。
三.名词变形容词：①名词后加ful：
hope→hopeful,meaning→meaningful。
②名词后加y：
luck→lucky, cloud→cloudy;
wind→windy; rain→rainy。
sun→sunny, snow→snowy
noise-noisy，health→healthy
③名词后加ly：
friend→friendly love→lovely
④方位名词加ern：
east→eastern
west→western
south→southern
north→northern
⑤以元音字母＋e结尾，去e加ly，
如：true→truly
四.形容词转化为副词的一般规则：形容词变副词通常是加Iy,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀:
一般直接加，元(e)去e加，
辅(y)改i加,le结尾e改y。
分别举例如下:
quick--quickly; tre--truly;happ--happily; possible---possibly
具体规则如下:
1).一般情况下直接加-ly,如:
quick--quickly; polite--politely; sad--sadly;immediate--immediately; recent--recently
2).少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。如:true-truly; due-duly
绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如: polite-politely; wide-widely; wise-Wisely; nice-nicely
3).以一个y结尾的,且读音为/i/,先将-y改成-i，再加-ly,如:
happ--happily; heavy--heavily;
angry--angrily; busy--busily
但是如果读音为/ ai/,直接加ly,如:
dry-dryly; sly-slyly; shy--shyly
4).以ic结尾的词，加ally, 如:
economic--economically;
basic--basically;
scientific--scientifically;
automatic---automatically;
energetic--energetically
5).以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y,如:
simple--simply;
considerable---considerably;
terrible--terribly; gentle---gently;
possible--possibly;
probable---probably;
incredible--incredibly
元音字母加Ie时加ly,如: sole-solely。 但是whole- wholly例外。
6).以I结尾时，只须加-y,如:
dul--dully; shrll--shrilly
需注意:有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如:
friendly people; motherly care; lovely dog;monthly exam; heavenly peace; a manlysport
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