一个句子能有两个名词性从句吗(一花一世界一句一语法)(1)

第一章 冠词

三、零冠词的用法

零冠词是指名词前不用冠词的情况。

【语法观察1】

(1)Trees drop their leaves in autumn. 树木在秋季落叶。

(2)Books may not be taken out of the library. 图书馆的图书不得带出馆外。

【语法总结1】复数名词泛指某类人或物时。

【语法观察2】

(1)Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。

(2)Money isn't everything. 金钱不是一切。

【语法总结2】不可数名词表示泛指时。

【语法观察3】

(1)Taiwan is a part that can't be separated from China. 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。

(2)Jim won't leave Changsha until Monday. 吉姆要到星期一才会离开长沙。

【语法总结3】在通常情况下,专有名词前不用冠词。

【语法观察4】

(1)Monday follows Sunday. 星期一在星期日之后。

(2)Spring contains March, April and May. 春天包含3、4、5月。

【语法总结4】星期、月份、季节前一般不用冠词。

【语法观察5】

(1)Breakfast is served until 9 a.m. 早餐一直供应到上午9点。

(2)Perhaps we should invite them to dinner. 也许我们应该邀请他们来吃饭。

【语法总结5】在一般情况下,breakfast, lunch, supper, dinner等餐前不用冠词。

【语法观察6】

(1)I can speak English, but I can't speak French. 我会讲英语,可我不会讲法语。

(2)He does well in chemist. 他的化学成绩很好。

(3)Do you play Chinese chess? 你下中国象棋吗?

(4)I played football every day when I was a boy. 我小时候天天踢球。

【语法总结6】语言、学科、棋类、球类运动的名词前不用冠词。

【语法观察7】

(1)Trump became President of the USA in 2017. 特朗普于2017年当上了美国总统。

(2)He was made captain of the football team. 他被选为足球队队长。

【语法总结7】当表示职务及头衔的名词用作表语、补足语及同位语时,其前不用冠词。

【语法观察8】

(1)The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室,手里拿着书。

(2)He was sitting in the chair, pipe in mouth. 他坐在椅子里,嘴里叼着烟斗。

【语法总结8】在表示伴随或补充说明的独立主格结构中,名词前不用冠词。

【语法观察9】

(1)I don't want to go to bed. 我不想睡觉。

(2)Do you go to school by bus? 你坐公交车上学吗?

【语法总结9】bed, table, school, church, prison等名词,若指它们所具有的作用或功能时,则不用冠词。

【语法观察10】

(1)Girl as she was, she behaved like a boy. 她虽是个女孩,但举止却像个男孩。

(2)Lazy boy as he was, he does well in his lessons. 虽然他是个懒孩子,他功课不错。

【语法总结10】在as(虽然)引导让步状语从句前面的单数可数名词前不用冠词。

以下是冠词用法几个值得注意的地方。

【语法观察1】

(1)School is over at 5:00 in the afternoon. 下午5点放学。

(2)The school is near his home. 这所学校在他家附近。

【语法总结1】像bed, school, church, prison等名词,在指这些家具、建筑或场所本身时前面要用冠词,但若指它们所具有的作用或功能时(此时为抽象名词),则不用冠词。

【语法观察2】

(1)I usually go home on Saturday. 我通常周六回家。

(2)Christmas falls on a Monday this year. 今年的圣诞节是星期一。

【语法总结2】星期名词前通常不用冠词,但若表示不确定的星期几,其前要用不定冠词。

【语法观察3】

(1)Breakfast is served until 9 a.m. 早餐一直供应到上午9点。

(2)Thank you for the lunch. 谢谢你的中餐。

(3)I had a wonderful supper. 我吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。

【语法总结3】一般说来,表示一日三餐的名词前不用冠词,若要特指某一餐或其前后有定语修饰时,则要在其前加冠词。

【语法观察4】

(1)It's very hot here in summer. 这里夏天很热。

(2)Many plants lie dormant throughout the winter. 许多植物冬天呈休眠状态。

(3)We don't often have a cold winter here. 我们这儿的冬天一般不冷。

【语法总结4】一般说来,季节名词前不用冠词,但若其前有形容词修饰或与during, through连用,一般要在其前加冠词。

四、高考命题点

A. 语法填空

考点1 考查不定冠词的基本用法

Instead, she is earning £6, 500 a day as __________ model in New York. (全国卷)

答案:填a。本题考查不定冠词用于作as宾语的职业名词前,as是"作为"之意。本句意为:她在纽约做模特,一天挣6500美元。

考点2 考查定冠词表特指的用法

This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over __________ top. (全国卷)

答案:填the。此处特指"地铁的顶部",故用定冠词the。

考点3 考查最高级前冠词的用法

(1)The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians are admired by even __________ most modern of architects and engineers. (全国卷)

(2)Now, years later, this river is one of __________ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. (全国卷)

答案:(1)填the。考查冠词用法。由于空格后的most modern 是最高级,故填the。(2)填the。后面的most outstanding是最高级,其前面要用定冠词the。

考点4 考查冠词用于固定搭配或习语中

(1)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for __________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. (全国卷)

(2)As __________result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. (全国卷)

答案:(1)填a。as a result(结果)属习惯用语。(2)填a。for a while(一会儿)是固定搭配。

B. 短文改错

考点1 考查不定冠词a与an的用法区别

They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. (全国卷)

答案:a→an。hour虽然是辅音字母开头,但是h在这个单词中不发音。所以要改a为an。

考点2 考查定冠词的基本用法

(1)Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my life. (全国卷)

(2)But in that case, we will learn little about world. (全国卷)

答案:(1)在picture前加the。这里的picture前面已经提到过,是特指,因此叫the。(2)在world前加the。world是独一无二的事物,前面要加定冠词the。

考点3 考查冠词之间的用法区别

(1)A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.(全国卷)

(2)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time. (全国卷)

答案:(1)a→the。这里的shop在前面已经提到,是特指,因此要改成定冠词。(2)the→a。因为in a short period of time(在短时间内)是固定短语,故改the为a。

考点4 考查冠词用于固定搭配或习语中

As result, the plants are growing everywhere. (全国卷)

答案:(1)在result前加a。这里的as a result是固定搭配。

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