想要学好英语，词汇是基础，语法是重点。两者结合复习，才能把英语给掌握透彻，今天小库继续为大家分享专升本英语语法——倒装句语法知识详细解读，考生可以参考！
英语句子的语序一般是固定的：主语在前，谓语在后，这叫陈述语序。谓语的全部或一部分(助动词或情态动词)放在主语之前的现象称为倒装。倒装有两种情况：语法倒装和修辞倒装。因为语法结构而必须倒装的，叫语法倒装；为达到某种修辞目的而倒装的，叫修辞倒装。我们学习倒装的主要目的是增加对英语句式多样性的认识，以便在写作和口语中使用，这也是我们学习英语语法的主要目的。
1.部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词，移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面。部分倒装的作用主要是为了强调提前的部分。
（1）疑问句中的倒装。
一般疑问句，将助动词置于主语之前，构成语法倒装。
Have you tried X-sports？你尝试过极限运动吗？
How soon will the tourists be back to China？游客多快返回中国？
○注 意
在特殊疑问句中，如果疑问词作主语或修饰主语时，无须倒装。
Who invented the telephone, do you know？谁发明了电话，你知道吗？
How many people took part in the campaign for women's equal right？有多少人参加了这次为妇女平等权利而进行的斗争？
（2）neither/nor引导的句子用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法，意为“也不……”。
I cannot drive. Neither can he.我不会开车，他也不会。
He hasn't been to the countryside；neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。
（3）副词only 状语放在句首时。
only lately did I see the professor on campus.只是最近我才在校园里见到这位教授。
Only in this way can we solve the problem on time.只有这样我们才能按时解决这个问题。
Only if you eat the correct foods will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy.只有吃适合的食物，你才能够保持健康。
Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.只有当失去自由时，人们才懂得它的价值。
Only in possessing both inner and outer beauty can a woman be attractive.只有具备了内在美和外在美的女人才有吸引力。
○注 意
如果only修饰的词不是作状语，而是作主语，句子就不用倒装。
Only the doctor can save his life.只有这个医生才能救他的命。
（4）含有否定意义的副词或连词（如not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere等）放在句首时。
Not a single book did I read this week.本周我一本书也没读。
Little did I dream of hearing such exciting music.我做梦都没想过能听到这么令人兴奋的音乐。
Never have I seen such a splendid building.我从来没见到过这么辉煌的大楼。
Seldom had I seen such a big snake before I came to this island.我来到这个岛之前从未见到过这么大的蛇。
In no way can we allow this to go on.我们决不允许这样的事再继续下去了。
Nowhere else will you find so many contented people.无论在哪里你再不会找到这么多自我感觉良好的人。
○注 意
上面的否定词或否定结构的否定范围包括整个句子时，才引起倒装；如果仅起局部否定作用（如对主语进行否定等），则不倒装。
Not everyone can do things perfectly.不是所有的人都能把事情做得十分完美。
（5）把否定介词短语at no time, by no means, under no condition, in no case等置于句首时，常用部分倒装。
By no means will this method be satisfactory.无论如何这种方法不会令人满意的。
（6）把否定结构Not until..., no sooner...than..., hardly...when..., not only...but also等置于句首时，常用部分倒装。
Not until all the fish died in the river did the farmers realize how serious the pollution was.直到河里所有的鱼都死了，这里的农民才意识到污染是多么的严重。
No sooner had we got there than it became dark.我们一到那里天就黑了。
Hardly had I picked up the phone when he hung up.我还未来得及拿起电话，他就挂断了。
Not only did the prices increase, but their wages were raised as well.不仅价格上涨了，而且他们的工资也提高了。
（7）so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人（或物）。其句型是：So be（have，助动词或情态动词） 主语。
He has made up his mind to continue with his studies, and so have I.他决定继续自己的学业，我也是。
He is interested in pop songs, and so am I.他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。
（8）方式状语、频度状语提至句首时，常用倒装语序。
Many a time has he offered me good advice on how to make use of the Internet.他不止一次给我提出如何运用因特网的好建议。
Long did we wait before we heard form him.我们等了好长时间才收到他的来信。
Often have I warned him not to go swimming alone.我经常警告他不要单独去游泳。
Well do I remember the day I saw a wild wolf.我见到野狼的那一天，记得很清楚。
（9）在虚拟语气中，当非真实条件句中有were, had, should时，可省略if，把were, had, should放在句首。
Were I in his position, I wouldn't do it that way.如果我在他的位置，我不会那么做的。
Had it not been for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the film so often.要不是因为有免费票的话，我就不会这么勤地去看电影了。
Should it not rain, the crops would die.天如果不下雨，庄稼就要枯死了。
△拓 展
英语中除了有本章所讲述的主谓倒装外，还有其他一些倒装的形式。
The past one can know, but the future one can only feel.一个人可以明知过去，但只能感悟未来。（宾语提前）
The harder you work, the happier you feel.你越努力工作，就越觉得快乐。（表语提前）
（10）以as, though引导的让步状语从句中，若主语是名词时，且表语放在句首时，主语可以倒装，也可以不倒装。主语是代词时，不倒装。
Child though/as he was,he was able to stand on his own feet.尽管他还是个孩子，他已经能够独立生活了。
Search as they would，they could find nobody in the house.尽管他们在搜寻，但他们在房子里什么人也没发现。
Much as I should like to see you，I'm afraid you may find it inconvenient to come in this hot weather.尽管我非常想见到你，但恐怕在这样热的天气里去会不方便。
（11）在how和what引起的感叹句中，可以用倒装结构。
What a clever boy he is！他是多么聪明的男孩啊！
How blue the sky is！天空多蓝呀！
（12）may表示祝愿时，常置于主语前。
May all of you succeed in the coming examinations！祝你们在马上要来的考试中都能成功！
May you be healthy and happy forever！祝你们永远健康和快乐！
2.完全倒装
完全倒装是将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，也就是将谓语放在主语之前，此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。
（1）以表示时间、地点和方位的副词（如in，out，down，up，off，back，away，over there，now，then，here，first等）开头的句子中要使用倒装结构。这种结构通常带有感叹语气，谓语多为不及物动词。
Down fell an apple from the tree.一个苹果从树上掉了下来。
Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出来。
○注 意
在完全倒装的结构里，如果主语是人称代词，主语和谓语则不需要倒装。
There he comes.他来了。
Away they hurried.他们急忙走开了。
（2）如果将表示地点的介词词组位于句首，谓语动词是表示“存在”之意的be, lie, stand, exist时，为了保持句子的平衡，也常用倒装结构。
Opposite our school is a modern primary school.我们学校对面是一所现代化的小学。
Near the bridge were two old cottages.在桥的附近有两间旧茅舍。
Under the big tree sat some farmers.大树下坐着一些农夫。
（3）在以引导词there开头的句子中，主语实际上是位于动词的后面。
There were several traditional Chinese paintings on the wall.墙上有几幅国画。
There stands a stone bridge across the river.河上有一座石桥。
There remains a lot of work to be done.仍有许多工作要做。
（4）以地点副词here, there以及时间副词now, then开头的句子，谓语动词多为be, go, come等，常使用倒装结构。
Here come the rest of the students.其余的学生终于来了。
There goes the announcement for the passengers to board.正在通知乘客上车。
Then came the order to start off.接着，出发的命令到了。
Now comes the chance.机会来了。
（5）such位于句首需倒装。
Such were his last words.他最后的话就是这些。
Such was his anger that he lost control of himself.他是如此的生气，以至于他不能控制自己了。
（6）当so...that引导的结果状语从句中的so及其修饰词位于句首时，需使用倒装结构。
So small were the characters on the blackboard that he could hardly see them.黑板上的字是那么小，他几乎看不见。
So interesting is the book that all the students like it.这本书是如此有趣，以至于所有的学生都喜欢它。
○注 意
如主句中没有连系动词，需借助助动词do/did构成倒装。
So loudly did the pupils read that people could hear them out in the street.学生们大声地读书，人们在街上都能听得见。
（7）在“主系表”结构中，为了保持句子的平衡，避免出现主语偏长而造成头重脚轻现象，常将表语部分提前，使用倒装结构。
Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。
Present at the meeting are some well-known scientists.一些知名科学家出席了会议。
（8）分词置于句首时，要倒装。
Also discussed were the problems we had met with in our studies.同时还讨论了我们在学习中碰到的问题。
（9）当直接引语的一部分或者全部位于句首时，引述分句的主语又是名词或名词短语，该引述句常用倒装结构。
“Why is that？”asked the student, “Can't we choose B？”这个学生问：“为什么？我们不能选择B吗？”
“This is an important language point,”said the English teacher.英语老师说：“这是一个很重要的语言点。”
（10）平衡功能的倒装。
为了保持句子的结构平衡，要用倒装。倒装的强调作用指的是强调状语、宾语、表语，而平衡则调整主语和谓语的位置，特别是当主语带有较长修饰语时，更需要用倒装。
Present at the conference were experts from all over the world.出席会议的是来自世界各地的专家。
Ahead sat the old man who told us the stories about the Long March.坐在前面的是一位老人，就是他给我们讲述了长征的故事。
But terrible is still the thought that it appeared behind the black veil.可是糟糕的是,他们仍然认为这个出现在黑色面纱之后。
Many and long were the conversations they held through the prison way.在去监狱的路上他们进行了多次长谈。
（11）衔接功能的倒装。
修饰倒装也可以用来衔接两个句子。前一句讲到的内容以替代词的形式出现在后一句的句首，这样读者或听者就会对它特别注意，并且前后两句在意义上的关系就更加清楚。这种倒装还出现在以yet, especially, rather等词开头的句子中。
This is Tian' an men Square. On its left stands the Great Hall of the People. On its right stands the Museum of the Chinese Revolution.这就是天安门广场。左边是人民大会堂，右边是中国革命历史博物馆。
His book is not a biography in the ordinary sense；rather is it a series of recollections.他的书不是普通意义上的传记，而更是一组回忆。
◇速 记
副词开头要倒装，人称代词则如常。
only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。
否定意义副连词，“既不……也不”须倒装。
表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。
such代词作表语，引起主谓要倒装。
Not only开头句，前一分句须倒装。
had, were, should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。
1.Johnson is used to flying by air and on no account___ frightened.
A.he has ever felt
B.ever does he feel
C.has he ever felt
D.he ever feels
【巧解妙答】句意:约翰逊习惯于乘飞机出行,并且他从未害怕过。表示否定或部分否定的词或词组，如seldom,never,nowhere,at no time,on no account等位于句首时，句子应部分倒装，即将助动词、情态动词或be动词置于主语之前，因此排除A项和D项。ever意为“从来，在任何时候”，常与完成时连用，因此排除B项。故选C。
2.The driver admitted that not only___, but he didn't have a driving license either.
A.he was not insured
B.he was insured not
C.was he not insured
D.was not he insured
【巧解妙答】句意:司机承认，他不仅没有投保,也没有驾照。not only作为否定副词位于句首时，其后的句子应部分倒装，即将助动词、情态动词、系动词等提至主语之前。即使本句中的not only结构位于admit后的宾语从句中,其后从句的主谓依然要进行倒装。故选C。
3.Only when he reached the tea-house___ it was the same place he'd been in last year.
A.he realized
B.he did realize
C.realized he
D.did he realize
【巧解妙答】句意:只有当他到达茶室时,他才意识到这是他去年曾待过的同一个地方。当“only 时间状语从句”位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装结构,即“助动词 主语 谓语”的形式。故选D。
4.“John is learning German in his free time. ”“___.”
A.so his sister does
B.so is his sister
C.so does his sister
D.so his sister is
【巧解妙答】句意:“约翰在他的空闲时间学习德语。”“他的妹妹也是如此。”如果前面句子中所述情况也适用于后面的句子，后面的句子常用so(肯定句)，nor/neither(否定句)引导倒装句。由前面句子中的is learning可知，后面句子的谓语动词应用is,且主谓应倒装。故选B。
5.I don't know how to play bridge and___.
A.my wife doesn't neither
B.my wife does either
C.neither does my wife
D.neither my wife does
【巧解妙答】句意:我不知道怎么玩桥牌，我妻子也不会。当前面所述的否定情况同样也适用于另一人时，应用neither/nor引导的倒装结构，即neither/nor 助动词 主语。neither表示“也不”，前后分句可用and连接。故选C。
1)我会说英语。我弟弟也会。
I can speak English. So can my brother.
2)他们上星期日到颐和园去了。我们也去了。
They went to the Summer Palace last Sunday. So did we.
3)他去过长城。我也去过。
He has been to the Great Wall. So have I.
4)她喜欢教英语。我姐姐也喜欢。
She enjoys teaching English. So does my sister.
5)你说他很努力，对，他确实很努力，你也一样。
You say he works hard. So he does, and so do you.
6)我不知道他住哪儿。她也不知道。
I don’t know where he lives. Neither does she.
7)我不知道这两个句子的区别。?他们也不知道。
I don’t know the difference between these two sentences. Nor do they.
8)我昨天晚上没有写作文。魏芳也没写。
I didn’t write my composition yesterday evening. Neither did Wei Fang.
9)学生们不在教室里。老师也不在。
The students were not in the classroom. Nor was the teacher.
,
