字数:2350字

作者:YOYO君

小伙伴们大家好,欢迎来到YOYO君的英语语法小课堂。

这篇文章我们从一个简单的比较结构句子聊聊英语功能词than 的用法。

为什么要这个话题?主要是因为今天YOYO君在网上看到一个关于“than me”还是 “than I”问题的讨论。

一位老师讲解了这样一道英语语法选择题:

She is younger .

选项有than me,也有than I,答案是than me。原因是than是介词,此处用代词宾格。

然后底下有网友留言称,than I 也是正确的,他举出课本例句作为例证。

那么,这里到底应该填什么?

than 引导比较分句(thanme还是than)(1)

其实,关于than 的用法,一直是我们英语语法学习的重难点。

than的意思不用多说,就是用于“比较”,但是than 的词性和用法,以及它后面跟的语法结构很有争议。

不仅在国内的英语语法书中,对than 的用法含糊不清,众说纷纭。

而且在国外的语法书中,对于than的用法也是有所差别,各有道理。

在查阅了一些语法著作后,YOYO君简单总结了一些than的用法规律。

首先,我们回答一下文章刚开始的那道“难题”。

一般认为,than me 和than I均可以。

我们可以说She is younger than me.

也可以说She is younger than I.

依据《麦克米伦高阶英语词典》,than属于功能词,可作介词和连词。

than用作介词的时候,than后面可接名词(词组)或是代词宾格。如:

I’m taller than my dad.

He is three years older than me.

该词典同时指出,一些人认为than后面跟代词主格更正确,但这种说法比较正式和古板。如:

No one could have worked harder than she.

在一些语法著作中,认为这种than后面跟代词主格的情况是than比较分句中省略了谓语动词和补足成分,是一种省略现象。

than 用作介词,结构较为简单,我们再举几个例句,大家观察学习:

Nylon is stronger than cotton.尼龙比棉线结实。

Diesel fuel was less expensive than petrol.柴油比汽油便宜。

My son is a lot taller than my daughter.我儿子比女儿长得高多了。

than 引导比较分句(thanme还是than)(2)

下面,我们重点来看一下than在比较分句的用法。

在剑桥英语语法中,它把比较结构中than引导的分句称作“Than-clauses”。

Than-clauses:

We can use than to introduce a clause after a comparative adjective, adverb or noun phrase. The clause is usually a reduced clause (a clause with ellipsis) or one with a substitute verb do.

同时它指出,than-分句通常是采用省略(ellipsis)或是采用替代(substitution)。

than-比较分句中的省略现象非常复杂,主要包括:省略谓语动词及其补足成分;省略谓语动词的补足成分;省略主动词;省略主语;省略宾语;省略主语、谓语动词及其补足成分,只保留状语或修饰成分等等。

我们举个例子,大家仔细观察学习:

She is more ambitious(有雄心的)than I.

Mars(火星)is farther from the earth than the moon is.

Mary has known Jim better than she has (known) John.

The hotel is far more luxurious than is necessary.

That is more than we could stand.(不是……能忍受的)

He has a higher opinion of Mary than of John.

Things are better than before.

除了省略,than-比较分句中也可用替代词do 的形式进行替代。

比如She bought a bigger book than I bought.这样句子虽然可接受,但不是很常见,我们换成替代词替代最好:

She bought a bigger book than I did.

再比如:

She drove more dangerously than Jim did.

He always spent more money than I did.

You always walk faster than I do!

Mary knows much more about movies than I do.

than 引导比较分句(thanme还是than)(3)

关于than在比较分句中的更多省略用法,我们需要积累例子,模仿造句,慢慢熟练掌握:

The house was bigger than they had imagined.

The journey took longer than expected.

You should know better than to behave like this.(你应该明白事理,不应该这么不懂规矩。)

He is better than (he was) when we last visited him.

The tea here is weaker than I like.

Is the world a safer place than it was a year ago?

We shouldn’t spend more than we earn.

You're earlier than usual.

than 引导比较分句(thanme还是than)(4)

比较分句是英语文章中的常见句型。比较结构,是考试题目中的必考题和常见题。而带有than的比较分句又是一个让人迷糊的语法点。因为than分句中的省略现象比较繁复。

所以大家有必要综合整理一下than的用法。

这只是YOYO君参考部分英语著作所整理总结的知识点,希望对小伙伴们的学习有所帮助。

另有关于than的用法的其他观点,也建议小伙伴自己查阅学习,梳理内化成自己的英语语法知识体系。

,