这是Jaden的第41篇英语碎碎念
本文来自《纽约时报》
是关于英国女王
伊丽莎白二世去世的一篇报道
鉴于篇幅过长，分成几部分更新
配合笔记食用哦 ，风味更佳~
Mourn the Queen, Not Her Empire (=a group of countries，帝国)
“The end of an era” will become a refrain (=repeated comment) as commentators (电视上的评论员) assess (=judge/evaluate/appraise/rate，评价，通常是通过“说say”的方式) the record-setting reign of Queen Elizabeth II.
■ refrain
=repeated comment / cliche[贬] / catchphrase / mantra，
经常重复的话，不同于陈词滥调、老生常谈，这个词情感色彩更偏向于中性
Like all monarchs (=king/queen，君主), she was both an individual and an institution (=famous person，知名人物).
■ 表示“有名、出名、著名”：
celebrated/renowned/noted/prestigious(如搭配会议)/illustrious/distinguished
She had a different birthday for each role — the actual anniversary of her birth in April plus an official one in June — and, though she retained (=keep，保留) her personal name as monarch, held different titles depending on where in her domains (=area/field/realm/ground/sphere，均是表示抽象概念“领域”的词) she stood.
『hold the title for ... 有...头衔』在写作中可以用来替换『call 称为』，如：
But we Americans hold the title for biggest individual gadget lovers—and wasters.
但我们美国人却被授予个人电子产品最多的称号—当然电子垃圾也最多。
hold the title for = are called as
A is said to be of B，A被说成是B的，这里是指用来装日常用品（B）的手提包（A）
the handbag of everyday items
Of her inner life we learned little beyond (=nothing but/not...anything except/only/merely，什么也没学到，除了...，可理解为“只，仅仅”，可用来替换only) her love of horses and dogs — which gave Helen Mirren, Olivia Colman and Claire Foy (三位均在影视作品中扮演过伊丽莎白二世)rapt (=focused/dedicated/attentive/absorbed/preoccupied，全神贯注的，认真专注的) audiences for the insights (=understanding / ability to understand，领悟，洞察力) they enacted (=star/act/portray/play，饰演，扮演，在这里要理解“演戏时所体现出来的洞察力”，enact sth可以理解为display/show sth).
结尾部分可理解为：演员因为她们表演时对角色的洞察力，而受到观众喜爱。
Of her inner life we learned little... 这部分其实是将介词短语（Of her inner life）前置，正常语序是：we learned little of her inner life， 这样做的目的是强调，对于她的私人生活，我们知之甚少。
The queen embodied a profound, sincere commitment (=promise，承诺) to her duties — her final public act (=an act of legislation，公共立法) was to appoint her 15th prime minister — and for her unflagging (=strong/tireless/indefatigable/relentless，孜孜不倦的，不懈努力的，本质含义是“表现好的good”) performance of them, she will be rightly mourned (=grieve/express my eternal sincere condolences，哀悼).
She has been a fixture (=frequent person/feature/symbol，常客，这里可理解为『...的象征』) of stability (=后面有turbulent，是指社会时局动荡，所以这里稳定是指『社会稳定』), and her death in already turbulent (=tumultuous / unstable/unsteady / shaky / tempestuous / volatile / stormy / fell into chaos and turmoil / comes at a time of dramatic upheaval，社会/时局动荡) times will send ripples (=feeling，伤心之情如涟漪一般扩散开来，意同中文的“一阵（如兴奋），一股（如恐惧）”) of sadness around the world.
作为社会稳定的象征，女王的去世，让大家在这个动荡年代，倍感伤心。
（对于伊丽莎白女王来说，她带领英国走过了冷战、经济危机、金融危机、脱欧以及还没结束的新冠疫情，对很多英国人来说，女王就是定海神针，撑起了日不落帝国最后的体面。）
关于fixture，主要有三层意思：
①a sports event，『定期定点举办的体育赛事，体育活动，体育节』
②fixed thing (a bath/bathtub/toilet)，『家里的、被固定住的设施，如浴缸、马桶』
③frequent sth/sb，『常客，老面孔』
这层意思在权威词典里没有解释、但外刊会用到的用法
在某地方/场合，形容一个事物/人是一个fixture，说明他们总是在那里，总是频频出现，就像义项②的“固定装置”一样
形容人，可以理解为『常客』
形容物，可理解『逃不开的/频频出现的话题/事物，常态，必备之物，特征』，=feature/must(n.)
例句：Campbell became a fixture at the top of music charts and on radio and TV in the 1960s and '70s.
上世纪60-70年代，他的歌曲稳居音乐榜单头名，并频繁出现在广播和电视节目中。
But we should not romanticize (=make sth attractive/interesting，浪漫化的意思就是“使...更有趣，有吸引力”) her era.
For the queen was also an image: the face of a nation that, during the course of her reign (=reign，统治时期), witnessed the dissolution of nearly the entire British Empire into some 50 independent states (=Brexit(n.) / Britain's exit from the European Union / the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU/ leave/break away from the EU/，英国脱欧，“欧”是指的“欧盟”) and significantly reduced global influence.
By design (=on purpose/deliberately/intentionally/knowingly/consciously/willfully，故意地) as much as by the accident (=accidentally / by coincidence/chance，偶然地) of her long life, her presence as head of state and head of the Commonwealth (英联邦), an association of Britain and its former colonies, put a stolid (=insensitive/unsympathetic/disinterested，淡漠、没有感情、漠不关心、无动于衷的) traditionalist front over decades of violent upheaval (=big change，剧变).
put (on) a xxx front，装出一副xxx的样子
此时front指的是为了掩饰内心真实感情、想法的行为（behaviour to hide true feelings or opinions）
例句：
①Rudeness is just a front for her shyness.
她的粗鲁只是为了掩饰羞怯。
②It's not always easy to put on a brave front for the family.
常为家人装出勇敢的样子并不容易
an association of Britain and its former colonies是对英联邦的解释说明，一个由英国及其前殖民地组成的联合体
As such (=technically / strictly speaking / properly speaking，严格来说), the queen helped obscure (=hide / conceal / cover up / belie，掩盖) a bloody history of decolonization (殖民地独立) whose proportions (=measurement/scale，指的是这段历史的血腥程度) and legacies have yet to be adequately acknowledged (=fully accepted，充分承认).
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