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docker网络有哪些模式(Docker网络原理及自定义网络详细解析)

时间:2021-10-10 00:15:28类别:服务器

docker网络有哪些模式

Docker网络原理及自定义网络详细解析

Docker在宿主机上虚拟了一个网桥,当创建并启动容器的时候,每一个容器默认都会被分配一个跟网桥网段一致的ip,网桥作为容器的网关,网桥与每一个容器联通,容器间通过网桥可以通信。由于网桥是虚拟出来的,外网无法进行寻址,也就是默认外网无法访问容器,需要在创建启动容器时把宿主机的端口与容器端口进行映射,通过宿主机IP端口访问容器。这是Docker默认的网络,它有一个弊端是只能通过IP让容器互相访问,如果想使用容器名称或容器ID互相访问需要在创建启动容器时候用link的方式修改hosts文件实现。一般使用自定义网络,自定义网络使用network创建,创建时可以指定子网网段及网关等信息,在创建并启动容器时指定使用的网络。这样在一个自定义网络里的所有容器可以直接使用容器名进行访问,如果一个容器想要访问其他网络中的容器也可以在network中进行设置,这样这个容器与目标网络的容器可以使用容器名通信。

1 默认网络docker0

用vm虚拟机测试,未启动docker 系统中有两个网络(回环网络、虚拟机网络)

当启动docker服务后,宿主机多出一个网络docker0 这就是docker默认网络

  • # 启动docker服务
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker
    
  • 启动一个tomcat容器,会发现宿主机又多出一个网络

  • 启动tomcat
    [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat1 tomcat
    
  • 再启动一个tomcat,会发展宿主机又多出一个网络

  • # 启动tomcat
    [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat2 tomcat
    
  • 测试两个tomcat网络ip是通的

  • # 查看tomcat的ip地址
    [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat2 ip addr
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    9: eth0@if10: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
        link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
        inet 172.17.0.3/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    # 在tomcat1 ping tomcat2的ip
    [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat1 ping 172.17.0.3
    PING 172.17.0.3 (172.17.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from 172.17.0.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.146 ms
    64 bytes from 172.17.0.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.067 ms
    64 bytes from 172.17.0.3: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.088 ms
    ^C
    --- 172.17.0.3 ping statistics ---
    3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 5ms
    rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.067/0.100/0.146/0.034 ms
    
  • 在tomcat1里ping tomcat2的 容器名无法ping通

  • # 在tomcat1里ping tomcat2的容器名
    [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat1 ping tomcat2
    ^C[root@localhost ~]#
    
  • 停止tomcat1 重新创建启动tomcat 使用link 会在底层修改tomcat1 的hosts文件 实现容器名作为ip域名从而tomcat1到tomcat2的单向ping通

  • # 删除tomcat1
    [root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f tomcat1
    tomcat1
     
    # 查看run的帮助文档 link用法
    [root@localhost ~]# docker run --help
     
    Usage:  docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
     
    Run a command in a new container
     
    Options:
          --add-host list                  Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
      -a, --attach list                    Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
          --blkio-weight uint16            Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
          --blkio-weight-device list       Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
          --cap-add list                   Add Linux capabilities
          --cap-drop list                  Drop Linux capabilities
          --cgroup-parent string           Optional parent cgroup for the container
          --cgroupns string                Cgroup namespace to use (host|private)
                                           'host':    Run the container in the Docker host's cgroup namespace
                                           'private': Run the container in its own private cgroup namespace
                                           '':        Use the cgroup namespace as configured by the
                                                      default-cgroupns-mode option on the daemon (default)
          --cidfile string                 Write the container ID to the file
          --cpu-period int                 Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
          --cpu-quota int                  Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
          --cpu-rt-period int              Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
          --cpu-rt-runtime int             Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
      -c, --cpu-shares int                 CPU shares (relative weight)
          --cpus decimal                   Number of CPUs
          --cpuset-cpus string             CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
          --cpuset-mems string             MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      -d, --detach                         Run container in background and print container ID
          --detach-keys string             Override the key sequence for detaching a container
          --device list                    Add a host device to the container
          --device-cgroup-rule list        Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
          --device-read-bps list           Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
          --device-read-iops list          Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
          --device-write-bps list          Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
          --device-write-iops list         Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
          --disable-content-trust          Skip image verification (default true)
          --dns list                       Set custom DNS servers
          --dns-option list                Set DNS options
          --dns-search list                Set custom DNS search domains
          --domainname string              Container NIS domain name
          --entrypoint string              Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
      -e, --env list                       Set environment variables
          --env-file list                  Read in a file of environment variables
          --expose list                    Expose a port or a range of ports
          --gpus gpu-request               GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs)
          --group-add list                 Add additional groups to join
          --health-cmd string              Command to run to check health
          --health-interval duration       Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
          --health-retries int             Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
          --health-start-period duration   Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown
                                           (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
          --health-timeout duration        Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
          --help                           Print usage
      -h, --hostname string                Container host name
          --init                           Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
      -i, --interactive                    Keep STDIN open even if not attached
          --ip string                      IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
          --ip6 string                     IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
          --ipc string                     IPC mode to use
          --isolation string               Container isolation technology
          --kernel-memory bytes            Kernel memory limit
      -l, --label list                     Set meta data on a container
          --label-file list                Read in a line delimited file of labels
          --link list                      Add link to another container
          --link-local-ip list             Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
          --log-driver string              Logging driver for the container
          --log-opt list                   Log driver options
          --mac-address string             Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
      -m, --memory bytes                   Memory limit
          --memory-reservation bytes       Memory soft limit
          --memory-swap bytes              Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
          --memory-swappiness int          Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
          --mount mount                    Attach a filesystem mount to the container
          --name string                    Assign a name to the container
          --network network                Connect a container to a network
          --network-alias list             Add network-scoped alias for the container
          --no-healthcheck                 Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
          --oom-kill-disable               Disable OOM Killer
          --oom-score-adj int              Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
          --pid string                     PID namespace to use
          --pids-limit int                 Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
          --platform string                Set platform if server is multi-platform capable
          --privileged                     Give extended privileges to this container
      -p, --publish list                   Publish a container's port(s) to the host
      -P, --publish-all                    Publish all exposed ports to random ports
          --pull string                    Pull image before running ("always"|"missing"|"never") (default "missing")
          --read-only                      Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
          --restart string                 Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
          --rm                             Automatically remove the container when it exits
          --runtime string                 Runtime to use for this container
          --security-opt list              Security Options
          --shm-size bytes                 Size of /dev/shm
          --sig-proxy                      Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
          --stop-signal string             Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
          --stop-timeout int               Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
          --storage-opt list               Storage driver options for the container
          --sysctl map                     Sysctl options (default map[])
          --tmpfs list                     Mount a tmpfs directory
      -t, --tty                            Allocate a pseudo-TTY
          --ulimit ulimit                  Ulimit options (default [])
      -u, --user string                    Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
          --userns string                  User namespace to use
          --uts string                     UTS namespace to use
      -v, --volume list                    Bind mount a volume
          --volume-driver string           Optional volume driver for the container
          --volumes-from list              Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
      -w, --workdir string                 Working directory inside the container
     
    # 启动tomcat1 link指定要访问的容器名
    [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat1 --link tomcat2 tomcat
    f78c51961662a1d3558fc8d0d95906b902a7a042f251a60858e72bcfa62e7a08
     
    # 测试ping
    [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat1 ping tomcat2
    PING tomcat2 (172.17.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from tomcat2 (172.17.0.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.088 ms
    64 bytes from tomcat2 (172.17.0.3): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.071 ms
    64 bytes from tomcat2 (172.17.0.3): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.071 ms
    ^C
    --- tomcat2 ping statistics ---
    3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms
    rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.071/0.076/0.088/0.012 ms
     
    # 查看tomcat1的hosts已经加入了tomcat2的域名
    [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat1 cat /etc/hosts
    127.0.0.1       localhost
    ::1     localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
    fe00::0 ip6-localnet
    ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
    ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
    ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
    172.17.0.3      tomcat2 27766c324de6
    172.17.0.2      f78c51961662
     
    # tomcat2无法ping通tomcat1
    [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat2 ping tomcat1
    ^C[root@localhost ~]#
    
  • 2 自定义网络

    需要用到network命令

  • # 查看帮助文档
    [root@localhost ~]# docker network --help
     
    Usage:  docker network COMMAND
     
    Manage networks
     
    Commands:
      connect     Connect a container to a network
      create      Create a network
      disconnect  Disconnect a container from a network
      inspect     Display detailed information on one or more networks
      ls          List networks
      prune       Remove all unused networks
      rm          Remove one or more networks
     
    Run 'docker network COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
    
  • 列出当前的docker网络 bridge为 默认网络docker0

  • [root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
    NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
    9b27ff0926bf   bridge    bridge    local
    8dfa2efae677   host      host      local
    2025b7fb1d7c   none      null      local
    
  • 创建网络mynet

  • [root@localhost ~]# docker network create --help
     
    Usage:  docker network create [OPTIONS] NETWORK
     
    Create a network
     
    Options:
          --attachable           Enable manual container attachment
          --aux-address map      Auxiliary IPv4 or IPv6 addresses used by Network driver (default map[])
          --config-from string   The network from which to copy the configuration
          --config-only          Create a configuration only network
      -d, --driver string        Driver to manage the Network (default "bridge")
          --gateway strings      IPv4 or IPv6 Gateway for the master subnet
          --ingress              Create swarm routing-mesh network
          --internal             Restrict external access to the network
          --ip-range strings     Allocate container ip from a sub-range
          --ipam-driver string   IP Address Management Driver (default "default")
          --ipam-opt map         Set IPAM driver specific options (default map[])
          --ipv6                 Enable IPv6 networking
          --label list           Set metadata on a network
      -o, --opt map              Set driver specific options (default map[])
          --scope string         Control the network's scope
          --subnet strings       Subnet in CIDR format that represents a network segment
    [root@localhost ~]# docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.0.0/16 --gateway 192.168.0.1 mynet
    1abaa8e6a387bc8bbc7ac50d9f2289e96a143a92f074e90f698bd70411c86672
    [root@localhost ~]# docker network inspect mynet
    [
        {
            "Name": "mynet",
            "Id": "1abaa8e6a387bc8bbc7ac50d9f2289e96a143a92f074e90f698bd70411c86672",
            "Created": "2021-05-13T11:21:13.494039122+08:00",
            "Scope": "local",
            "Driver": "bridge",
            "EnableIPv6": false,
            "IPAM": {
                "Driver": "default",
                "Options": {},
                "Config": [
                    {
                        "Subnet": "192.168.0.0/16",
                        "Gateway": "192.168.0.1"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "Internal": false,
            "Attachable": false,
            "Ingress": false,
            "ConfigFrom": {
                "Network": ""
            },
            "ConfigOnly": false,
            "Containers": {},
            "Options": {},
            "Labels": {}
        }
    ]
    
  • 使用mynet创建启动两个tomcat,他们可以直接通过容器名称双向互相ping通

  • [root@localhost ~]# docker run --help
     
    Usage:  docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
     
    Run a command in a new container
     
    Options:
          --add-host list                  Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
      -a, --attach list                    Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
          --blkio-weight uint16            Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
          --blkio-weight-device list       Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
          --cap-add list                   Add Linux capabilities
          --cap-drop list                  Drop Linux capabilities
          --cgroup-parent string           Optional parent cgroup for the container
          --cgroupns string                Cgroup namespace to use (host|private)
                                           'host':    Run the container in the Docker host's cgroup namespace
                                           'private': Run the container in its own private cgroup namespace
                                           '':        Use the cgroup namespace as configured by the
                                                      default-cgroupns-mode option on the daemon (default)
          --cidfile string                 Write the container ID to the file
          --cpu-period int                 Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
          --cpu-quota int                  Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
          --cpu-rt-period int              Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
          --cpu-rt-runtime int             Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
      -c, --cpu-shares int                 CPU shares (relative weight)
          --cpus decimal                   Number of CPUs
          --cpuset-cpus string             CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
          --cpuset-mems string             MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      -d, --detach                         Run container in background and print container ID
          --detach-keys string             Override the key sequence for detaching a container
          --device list                    Add a host device to the container
          --device-cgroup-rule list        Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
          --device-read-bps list           Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
          --device-read-iops list          Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
          --device-write-bps list          Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
          --device-write-iops list         Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
          --disable-content-trust          Skip image verification (default true)
          --dns list                       Set custom DNS servers
          --dns-option list                Set DNS options
          --dns-search list                Set custom DNS search domains
          --domainname string              Container NIS domain name
          --entrypoint string              Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
      -e, --env list                       Set environment variables
          --env-file list                  Read in a file of environment variables
          --expose list                    Expose a port or a range of ports
          --gpus gpu-request               GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs)
          --group-add list                 Add additional groups to join
          --health-cmd string              Command to run to check health
          --health-interval duration       Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
          --health-retries int             Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
          --health-start-period duration   Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown
                                           (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
          --health-timeout duration        Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
          --help                           Print usage
      -h, --hostname string                Container host name
          --init                           Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
      -i, --interactive                    Keep STDIN open even if not attached
          --ip string                      IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
          --ip6 string                     IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
          --ipc string                     IPC mode to use
          --isolation string               Container isolation technology
          --kernel-memory bytes            Kernel memory limit
      -l, --label list                     Set meta data on a container
          --label-file list                Read in a line delimited file of labels
          --link list                      Add link to another container
          --link-local-ip list             Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
          --log-driver string              Logging driver for the container
          --log-opt list                   Log driver options
          --mac-address string             Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
      -m, --memory bytes                   Memory limit
          --memory-reservation bytes       Memory soft limit
          --memory-swap bytes              Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
          --memory-swappiness int          Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
          --mount mount                    Attach a filesystem mount to the container
          --name string                    Assign a name to the container
          --network network                Connect a container to a network
          --network-alias list             Add network-scoped alias for the container
          --no-healthcheck                 Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
          --oom-kill-disable               Disable OOM Killer
          --oom-score-adj int              Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
          --pid string                     PID namespace to use
          --pids-limit int                 Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
          --platform string                Set platform if server is multi-platform capable
          --privileged                     Give extended privileges to this container
      -p, --publish list                   Publish a container's port(s) to the host
      -P, --publish-all                    Publish all exposed ports to random ports
          --pull string                    Pull image before running ("always"|"missing"|"never") (default "missing")
          --read-only                      Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
          --restart string                 Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
          --rm                             Automatically remove the container when it exits
          --runtime string                 Runtime to use for this container
          --security-opt list              Security Options
          --shm-size bytes                 Size of /dev/shm
          --sig-proxy                      Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
          --stop-signal string             Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
          --stop-timeout int               Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
          --storage-opt list               Storage driver options for the container
          --sysctl map                     Sysctl options (default map[])
          --tmpfs list                     Mount a tmpfs directory
      -t, --tty                            Allocate a pseudo-TTY
          --ulimit ulimit                  Ulimit options (default [])
      -u, --user string                    Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
          --userns string                  User namespace to use
          --uts string                     UTS namespace to use
      -v, --volume list                    Bind mount a volume
          --volume-driver string           Optional volume driver for the container
          --volumes-from list              Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
      -w, --workdir string                 Working directory inside the container
    [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat-n-1 --network mynet tomcat
    404e4e63622b207af2ed534e768996f4d1cba4c798bba9e5d9b33c42711eaa4a
    [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat-n-2 --network mynet tomcat
    f6352fb3db01beed6ddf17ef84999a4ab209f026a6137b3bc7e35335d434785f
    [root@localhost ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND             CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                         NAMES
    f6352fb3db01   tomcat    "catalina.sh run"   3 seconds ago    Up 2 seconds    0.0.0.0:49159->8080/tcp, :::49159->8080/tcp   tomcat-n-2
    404e4e63622b   tomcat    "catalina.sh run"   10 seconds ago   Up 9 seconds    0.0.0.0:49158->8080/tcp, :::49158->8080/tcp   tomcat-n-1
    f78c51961662   tomcat    "catalina.sh run"   15 minutes ago   Up 15 minutes   0.0.0.0:49157->8080/tcp, :::49157->8080/tcp   tomcat1
    27766c324de6   tomcat    "catalina.sh run"   16 minutes ago   Up 16 minutes   0.0.0.0:49156->8080/tcp, :::49156->8080/tcp   tomcat2
    [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat-n-1 ping tomcat-n-2
    PING tomcat-n-2 (192.168.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from tomcat-n-2.mynet (192.168.0.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.102 ms
    64 bytes from tomcat-n-2.mynet (192.168.0.3): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.069 ms
    64 bytes from tomcat-n-2.mynet (192.168.0.3): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.164 ms
    ^C
    --- tomcat-n-2 ping statistics ---
    3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 3ms
    rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.069/0.111/0.164/0.041 ms
    
  • 查看mynet网络的详细信息,包含了启动的两个tomcat容器的网络信息

  • [root@localhost ~]# docker network inspect mynet
    [
        {
            "Name": "mynet",
            "Id": "1abaa8e6a387bc8bbc7ac50d9f2289e96a143a92f074e90f698bd70411c86672",
            "Created": "2021-05-13T11:21:13.494039122+08:00",
            "Scope": "local",
            "Driver": "bridge",
            "EnableIPv6": false,
            "IPAM": {
                "Driver": "default",
                "Options": {},
                "Config": [
                    {
                        "Subnet": "192.168.0.0/16",
                        "Gateway": "192.168.0.1"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "Internal": false,
            "Attachable": false,
            "Ingress": false,
            "ConfigFrom": {
                "Network": ""
            },
            "ConfigOnly": false,
            "Containers": {
                "404e4e63622b207af2ed534e768996f4d1cba4c798bba9e5d9b33c42711eaa4a": {
                    "Name": "tomcat-n-1",
                    "EndpointID": "b9efbd78daabe9345ade2a2e55291b7646d01679516e2f0be1efd5c2d6fea6b8",
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:02",
                    "IPv4Address": "192.168.0.2/16",
                    "IPv6Address": ""
                },
                "f6352fb3db01beed6ddf17ef84999a4ab209f026a6137b3bc7e35335d434785f": {
                    "Name": "tomcat-n-2",
                    "EndpointID": "6b05a1ceff43514305bf3d0adf9e30ba8007db5ec8349d47f96ff2b216912fc0",
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:03",
                    "IPv4Address": "192.168.0.3/16",
                    "IPv6Address": ""
                }
            },
            "Options": {},
            "Labels": {}
        }
    ]
    
  • 启动一个tomcat3使用默认网络docker0

  • [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat3 tomcat
    90e94ac30a3c61b493d2ea38c32cf5dddb781e88c30547b609db765b15d7d1e0
    [root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
    NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
    9b27ff0926bf   bridge    bridge    local
    8dfa2efae677   host      host      local
    1abaa8e6a387   mynet     bridge    local
    2025b7fb1d7c   none      null      local
     
    # 查看docker0详细信息 tomcat3出现在默认网络里
    [root@localhost ~]# docker network inspect 9b27ff0926bf
    [
        {
            "Name": "bridge",
            "Id": "9b27ff0926bf22d0828ccd07d6e14eb17d96a4989f9def6f9118c099cf1ca1c6",
            "Created": "2021-05-13T10:51:20.244232273+08:00",
            "Scope": "local",
            "Driver": "bridge",
            "EnableIPv6": false,
            "IPAM": {
                "Driver": "default",
                "Options": null,
                "Config": [
                    {
                        "Subnet": "172.17.0.0/16",
                        "Gateway": "172.17.0.1"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "Internal": false,
            "Attachable": false,
            "Ingress": false,
            "ConfigFrom": {
                "Network": ""
            },
            "ConfigOnly": false,
            "Containers": {
                "27766c324de619b24e2ed522d8064c5a4610c8f509ff0aed8fa1719691f01bf1": {
                    "Name": "tomcat2",
                    "EndpointID": "de913778ce2d7478e25daca26809aa75c9093c43853d9420c70886fb16741722",
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
                    "IPv4Address": "172.17.0.3/16",
                    "IPv6Address": ""
                },
                "90e94ac30a3c61b493d2ea38c32cf5dddb781e88c30547b609db765b15d7d1e0": {
                    "Name": "tomcat3",
                    "EndpointID": "2223e522a0950b846bb7691b31f60bbd88ab3c9b8e71d601a495cce39387b8cc",
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
                    "IPv4Address": "172.17.0.4/16",
                    "IPv6Address": ""
                },
                "f78c51961662a1d3558fc8d0d95906b902a7a042f251a60858e72bcfa62e7a08": {
                    "Name": "tomcat1",
                    "EndpointID": "59299fdca5497e55dc5a94e408529cc98819b673568720c81aa1c554dff1bbe5",
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "IPv4Address": "172.17.0.2/16",
                    "IPv6Address": ""
                }
            },
            "Options": {
                "com.docker.network.bridge.default_bridge": "true",
                "com.docker.network.bridge.enable_icc": "true",
                "com.docker.network.bridge.enable_ip_masquerade": "true",
                "com.docker.network.bridge.host_binding_ipv4": "0.0.0.0",
                "com.docker.network.bridge.name": "docker0",
                "com.docker.network.driver.mtu": "1500"
            },
            "Labels": {}
        }
    ]
    
  • tomcat3和mynet不在一个网络,tomcat3无法访问mynet网络里的两个tomcat,可以使用network打通tomcat3和mynetwork,实现双向互相访问(支持容器名称)。

  • # 查看mynet网络里容器的ip
    [root@localhost ~]# docker network inspect mynet
    [
        {
            "Name": "mynet",
            "Id": "1abaa8e6a387bc8bbc7ac50d9f2289e96a143a92f074e90f698bd70411c86672",
            "Created": "2021-05-13T11:21:13.494039122+08:00",
            "Scope": "local",
            "Driver": "bridge",
            "EnableIPv6": false,
            "IPAM": {
                "Driver": "default",
                "Options": {},
                "Config": [
                    {
                        "Subnet": "192.168.0.0/16",
                        "Gateway": "192.168.0.1"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "Internal": false,
            "Attachable": false,
            "Ingress": false,
            "ConfigFrom": {
                "Network": ""
            },
            "ConfigOnly": false,
            "Containers": {
                "404e4e63622b207af2ed534e768996f4d1cba4c798bba9e5d9b33c42711eaa4a": {
                    "Name": "tomcat-n-1",
                    "EndpointID": "b9efbd78daabe9345ade2a2e55291b7646d01679516e2f0be1efd5c2d6fea6b8",
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:02",
                    "IPv4Address": "192.168.0.2/16",
                    "IPv6Address": ""
                },
                "f6352fb3db01beed6ddf17ef84999a4ab209f026a6137b3bc7e35335d434785f": {
                    "Name": "tomcat-n-2",
                    "EndpointID": "6b05a1ceff43514305bf3d0adf9e30ba8007db5ec8349d47f96ff2b216912fc0",
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:03",
                    "IPv4Address": "192.168.0.3/16",
                    "IPv6Address": ""
                }
            },
            "Options": {},
            "Labels": {}
        }
    ]
     
    # tomcat3 ping ip不通
    [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat3 ping 192.168.0.2
    PING 192.168.0.2 (192.168.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
    ^C
    --- 192.168.0.2 ping statistics ---
    7 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 11ms
     
    [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat3 ping 192.168.0.3
    PING 192.168.0.3 (192.168.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
    ^C
    --- 192.168.0.3 ping statistics ---
    9 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 20ms
    
  • # 使用connect联通一个网络和另外一个网络里的容器,可以互相容器名称访问
    [root@localhost ~]# docker network connect --help
     
    Usage:  docker network connect [OPTIONS] NETWORK CONTAINER
     
    Connect a container to a network
     
    Options:
          --alias strings           Add network-scoped alias for the container
          --driver-opt strings      driver options for the network
          --ip string               IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
          --ip6 string              IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
          --link list               Add link to another container
          --link-local-ip strings   Add a link-local address for the container
    [root@localhost ~]# docker network connect mynet tomcat3
    [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat3 ping tomcat-n-1
    PING tomcat-n-1 (192.168.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from tomcat-n-1.mynet (192.168.0.2): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.235 ms
    64 bytes from tomcat-n-1.mynet (192.168.0.2): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.070 ms
    64 bytes from tomcat-n-1.mynet (192.168.0.2): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.064 ms
    ^C
    --- tomcat-n-1 ping statistics ---
    3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 6ms
    rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.064/0.123/0.235/0.079 ms
    [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it tomcat-n-1 ping tomcat3
    PING tomcat3 (192.168.0.4) 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from tomcat3.mynet (192.168.0.4): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.055 ms
    64 bytes from tomcat3.mynet (192.168.0.4): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.169 ms
    64 bytes from tomcat3.mynet (192.168.0.4): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.194 ms
    ^C
    --- tomcat3 ping statistics ---
    3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 6ms
    rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.055/0.139/0.194/0.061 ms
    
  • 以上就是Docker网络原理及自定义网络详细解析的详细内容,更多关于docker网络原理的资料请关注开心学习网其它相关文章!

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