在复合句(由一个主句和一个或几个从句构成的句子称为复合句)中作宾语的从句称为宾语从句。
宾语从句的位置
宾语从句放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后,作宾语。
He didn't know what he should do. 他不知道该怎么办。(宾语从句做主句谓语动词know的宾语)
You can give the book to whoever likes it. 你可以把这本书给任何喜欢它的人。(宾语从句作介词to的宾语)
重点提示:
①在表建议,命令,劝告等含义的动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气,should 动词原形,should可以省略。
He suggested that we (should) set out immediately. 他建议我们立即出发。
The general ordered that we (should) attack at once. 将军命令我们立即进攻。
②宾语从句可以作介词的宾语,但that引导的宾语从句只用在except,but,in等少数几个介词之后作宾语。
He walked to school but that it rained. 要不是下雨,他就步行去上学了。(but that要不是,若非)
The meeting was put off in that something urgent happened. 因为发生了紧急的事情,会议被推迟了。 (in that因为,由于)
宾语从句的连接词:
从属连词:that,if,whether
连接代词:what,who,whom,whose,which,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等
连接副词:when,where,why,how
1.that引导宾语从句的用法
that引导宾语从句,本身没有意义,在从句中不做成分,一般可以省略。
He said (that) I could leave first. 他说我可以先走。
特别提示:有两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时,and后面的that不省略;介词后面的that不省略。
He told me (that) the situation became better, and that we should have confidence with ourselves. 他告诉我情况变好了,我们应该对自己有信心。
The meeting was put off in that something urgent happened. 因为发生了紧急的事情,会议被推迟了。 (in that因为,由于)
2.if和whether的用法
①if(是否)只能引导宾语从句,whether可以引导所有的名词性从句(主句从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)。
He asked if/whether he could attend the meeting. 他问他是否能参加会议。
Whether the game will be held depends on the weather. 比赛是否举行要看天气而定。(主语从句中whether 不可以换成if)
②whether引导的宾语从句可以作介词的宾语,if不可以。
I was worrying about whether the secret had been given away. 我担心秘密是否已经泄露出去了。(whether不可以换成if)
③whether or not或whether…or not都可以;但一般只能用if…or not。
I don't know whether or not he agrees with us. 我不知道他是否同意我们的意见。
I don't know whether/if he agrees with us or not.
3.连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等的用法
连接代词what,who,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引导宾语从句,在从句中作成分,如主语,宾语或定语,从句用陈述语序。
I didn’t understand what you said. 我没听懂你说的话。(what在宾语从句中作宾语)
I want to know which hotel is the best. 我想知道哪家旅馆是最好的。(which在宾语从句中作定语)
Mary often said whatever came to her mind. 玛丽经常想到什么就说什么。(whatever在宾语从句中作主语)
4.连接副词when,where,why,how的用法
连接副词when,where,why,how引导宾语从句,并且在从句中作状语,从句用陈述语序。
Do you know when he will come back? 你知道他什么时候回来吗?
He didn't tell us where he would go. 他没有告诉我们他要去哪里。
5.it用作形式宾语
①当不定式,动词-ing形式,从句用作宾语,并且后面跟有宾语补足语时,通常会用it作形式宾语,把真正的宾语放在句末。
结构为:动词 it 宾语补足语(形容词或名词) 不定式/动词-ing/从句
常用的动词有:find,feel,think,make,consider等
I think it important to learn English well. 我认为学好外语很重要。
We consider it a waste of time arguing with him. 我们认为和他争论是浪费时间。
I feel it best that he should find a new job. 我觉得他最好找个新工作。
②有些动词或短语,常用:动词 it 宾语从句,常用动词或短语有:like,love,appreciate hate,see to,depend on等。
I like it when the flowers come out in spring. 我喜欢春天花儿开放的时候。
I'd appreciate it if you could take my application into account. 如果您能考虑一下我的申请,我将不胜感激。
I will see to it that the problem is settled. 我将负责解决这个问题。
,