一、时态的时

时态的时是指谓语动词动作所发生的时间,这个时间在句子中可以由时间状语来表现,也有可能暗含在一定的语境中。动词发生的时间可分为顺序时间(过去、现在、将来、过去将来简称时间的“四分法”相对具体时间和非具体时间,简称时间的“二分法”。相对具体时间是指动作发生的时间相对于动作具体了,或一个动作相对于另一个动作同时发生的时间。非具时间是指不清楚或没有必要清楚动作所发生的确切时间,或动作的发生具体有反复性、一般性。

二、时态的态

时态的态是指动作发生时的状态,动作状态有四种:一般态、进行态、完成态、完成进行态,其中进行、完成、完成进行三种态为具体态

三、时与态的对应关系与谓语动词时态的确定

非具体时间对应一般态,具体时间对应具体态,其中具体的点时间一般对应进行态,具体的段时间对应完成态。在确定谓语动词时态时,除了搞清时间与状态的对应关系外,还要注意说话人的意图及动词的性质,还需要考虑谓语动词的语态和主谓一致问题。英语时种时间与状态对应关系如下:

英语时态被动语态题目讲解(一次性讲清英语谓语动词的时态问题)(1)

四、例题解析

1.The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant ______ in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.

A. gave B. gives C. was giving D. had given

答案与解析: 从语境判断四时为过去,相对于was worried与was going on两个动作为具体,所以选C

2. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _____ four days later.

A. rescued B. was rescued C. has rescued D. had been rescued

答案与解析: 从语境判断四时为过去,但four days later相对于rescue这一动作为不具体时间,再考虑语态为被动,所以选B

3.Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition?

A. would sign B. signed C. have signed D. had signed

答案与解析: 从语境判断四时为过去,但说话人明显意图是“现在没有多少人报名参加”,所以用现在完成时,选C

4. ---I hear you_____ in a pub. What’s it like?

----Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I don’t mind.

A. are working B. will work C. were working D. will be working

答案与解析: 从语境判断四时为现在,是现阶段可持续的动作,而且动作还没有结束,所以选A

5. The fact that so many people still smoke in public place _____ that we may need a national campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.

A. suggest B. suggests C . suggested D. suggesting

答案与解析: 本题表达的意思具有事实性,一般性,所以选B

6. ---Tommy is planning to buy a car.

---I know. By next month, he _____ enough for a used one.

A. saves B. saved C. will save D. will have saved

答案与解析: 时间状语By next month,四时为将来,by为到什么时间为止的意思,表明是段时间,所以用将来完成时,选D

7. In the last few years thousands of films _______all over the word.

A. have produced

B. have been produced

C. are producing

D. are being produced

答案与解析: 时间状语In the last few years意思是在过去几年里,也就是说在过去到现在这几年这一段时间,固用现在完成时,再考虑语态用被动,所以选B

8. On the next birthday. Ann_______married for twenty years.

A. is B. has been C. will be D. will have been

答案与解析: 时间状语On the next birthday表明四时为将来,for twenty years为段时间,所以用将来完成时,选D

9. We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody ______ into the office during the night.

A. broke B. had broken C. has broken D. was breaking

答案与解析: 从语境判断四时为过去,但break into这一动作一定是发生在found这一动作之前,不然不符合逻辑,break into相对于found为过去之过去,所以选B

10. That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who ________the piano upstairs?

A. has played B. played C. plays D. is playing

答案与解析: 从语境判断四时为说话的当时,而且play这一动作可持续,所以选D

11. Look at the pride on Tom's face. He_______ to have been praised by the manager just now.

A. seemed B. seems C. had seemed D. is seeming

答案与解析: seem一般是似乎,好像的意思,是对现在的事物做出一个不太确定的判断,所以选B

12. If you don't like the drink you ______ just leave it and try a different one.

A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered

答案与解析: 从语境判断四时为过去,过去什么时间不确切,也不必讲明,所以用一般过去时,选A

13. Experience of this kind_______in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.

A. have conducted

B. have been conducted

C. had conducted

D. had been conducted

答案与解析: 时间状语before the Second World War为过去之过去,再考虑语态用被动,所以选D

14. Tom_______in the library every night over the last three months.

A. works B. worked C. have been working D. had been working

答案与解析: 时间状语over the last three months是在过去三个月里,为段时间,work为可持续性动词,而且every night表明动作没有间断过,所以用现在完成进行时,选C

15.—That must have been a long trip.

—Yeah, it_______us a whole week to get there.

A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking

答案与解析: 本题a whole week是干扰时间,虽然是段时间,但是a whole week在句子中做宾语,而不是时间状语,从语境判断四时为过去不具体时间,所以选C

16.—Bob has gone to California.

—Oh, can you tell me when he_______?

A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave

答案与解析: 从语境判断四时为过去,而且发问者不知道具体的时间所以才问,固选B

17. -----Joan, what ______ in your hand?

-----Look! It’s a birthday gift for my grandma.

A. had you held B. are you holding C. do you hold D. will you hold

答案与解析: 从语境判断是指现在

18. In 1492, Columbus _______ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off India.

A. lands B. landed C. has landed D. had landed

答案与解析: In 1492为过去,相对于 land这一动作不具体,所以选B

19. It is most instructive lecture that I _______ since I came to this school.

A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended

答案与解析: 时间状语since I came to this school,是从我到这个学校到现在这一段时间,所以选D

20. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _______ by science.

A. are making B. are made C. will make D. will be made

答案与解析: In the near future为将来,再考虑语态用被动, 所以选D

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