常用：though 尽管,although 尽管,even if 即使,even though 即使特殊：as 尽管，即使(要倒装)while 虽然in spite of the fact that
尽管、虽然事实是...（但是）whether…or不论…还是疑问词 ever=no matter 疑问词 如：
whatever(=no matter what) 无论什么whoever(=no matter who) 无论谁wherever(=no matter where)无论哪里whenever(=no matter when)无论何时however(=no matter how)无论怎样whichever(=no matter which) 无论哪个
常用引导词
1.though 尽管,2.although 尽管,
though/ although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，后者正式. 从句多放主句的前面。Although (Though) he was over sixty,(yet) he began to learn French.虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语。We were not tired though (although) we had worked allday.虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。She kept on working although she was tired.
她虽疲劳但仍继续工作。Though he is poor, he' s still happy.
虽然他很穷,他仍然很快乐。Although I am ugly, I have a soft heart.
尽管我很丑，但是我很温柔。注意:
在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。3.even if 即使,
4.even though即使
even if 和even though的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。I’ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要去。I like her even though she can be annoying.
尽管她有时很恼人,但我还是喜欢她。Even if I have to walk all the way I' II get there.
即使我得一路走着去,我也要走到那里。特殊引导词
5.as 尽管，即使(要倒装)
as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。Child as he is, he knows a lot .= Although (Though) he is a child, he knows a lot.虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。Cold as it is,(= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。Much as I respect him, I can't agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议。6.while尽管, 虽然(=although,只能放在句首)
While the work was difficult, it was interesting.
虽然工作有难度,但很有趣。While I like the colour, I don't like the shape.
虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。注意比较下列各句：
While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you,(让步) While I was reading, the light went out.(时间)He is lazy, while his brother is diligent.(转折,对比)7.whether…or (not)
不论…还是, "不管, 是否...", 可放句首，也可放句尾。Whether she wins or loses, this is her last chance.不管是赢是输，这都是她的最后一次机会。You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy.管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。Whether you believe it or not, it's true.无论你是否相信，这都是真的。I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home.不论你来还是留在家中，我都要去。Whether you like it or not, you'll have to pay.
不管你是否喜欢，你都要付款。Whether or not he will stay, I really don't care. （让步状语从句）无论他要留下来还是要走，我真的不在意。Whether we help him or not, he will fail.
不论我们帮助他与否,他都将失败。注意:当从句中动词为be时，若省略whether需倒装，将be置于句前，Whether he is (be) rich or poor, I will marry him.= Be he rich or poor, I will marry him.不管他是穷是富，我都要嫁给他。Whether it be new or old, it is my bike.= Be it new or old, it is my bike.不管是新的还是旧的，它都是我的自行车。8. when 尽管, 虽然
when 引导的让步状语从句相当于though 或 although 如: She stopped when she ought to have continued.
尽管她应该继续下去,她却停住了。He usually walks when he might ride. 虽然有车可乘,但他通常是步行。The little girl can tell right from wrong when she is only twelve. 这个小女孩虽然只有十二岁,却能分清是非。9.in spite of the fact that
尽管、虽然事实是...（但是）
In spite of the fact that her mother was a dressmaker, Marry's clothes never looked smart or attractive .虽然事实上她的母亲是一个裁bai缝，玛丽的衣服却从来不漂亮，也不动人。He always works hard in spite of the fact that he is not in good health他总是努力地工作而不顾自己身体不好的事实。In spite of the fact that he failed the exam, he will never give up.尽管他考试不及格，他决不放弃。10. 疑问词 ever=nomatter 疑问词 如：
whatever(=no matter what) 无论什么whoever(=no matter who) 无论谁wherever(=no matter where)无论哪里whenever(=no matter when)无论何时however(=no matter how)无论怎样whichever(=no matter which) 无论哪个Do it whatever others say.= Do it no matter what others say.不管别人怎么说,尽管干。However busy he was, he studied English every day.=No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。Whoever telephones, tell them I'm out.
不管是谁打电话,都说我出去了。= No matter who telephones, tell them I'm out.Whenever you come, you are welcome.
你什么时候来,我们都欢迎。= No matter when you come, you are welcome.Wherever he goes, I'll go.
不管他去哪里, 我也去。= No matter where he goes, I'll go.Whichever day you come, I'll be pleased to see you.
无论你哪天来,我都欢迎。= No matter which day you come, I'll be pleased to see you.注意:虽然疑问词 ever=no matter 疑问词,但no matter 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句,而疑问词 ever还可以引导名词性从句.Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I won't believe you.
无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。I eat whatever (≠no matter what) you give me.
你给我吃什么，我就吃什么。Whoever(≠no matter who) comes will be welcome.
不管谁来都受到欢迎。11. despite “尽管、不管、任凭”
despite，是介词，后面只能跟名词(短语),doing或what从句，相当于。如：Despite the fogs we went out for a walk.
尽管有雾，我们还是外出散步。I failed the test despite studying all night. 尽管我通宵学习，但考试没及格Despite what she says, I'll go. 不管她怎么说，我还是去I would support him despite what he did.不管他做什么，我都支持他。12.in spite of尽管；不管，不顾
inspite of 语气比despite弱,但两者意思基本一样.He went out despite / in spite of bad weather.尽管天气不好，他还是出去了。We arrived at the station in spite of the storm.虽然有暴风雨，我们依旧准点到达火车站。He was there on the stroke in spite of the rain. 尽管下雨，他还是准时赶到那里In spite of our repeated warnings, he still went his own way.尽管我们一再警告，他还是我行我素。
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