1．It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. (人教版 M 8 Unit 1 A Land Of Diversity )
【句式翻译】人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族，多文化的混合体。
【句式分析】本句是一个主语从句it is believed that …,句中it 是形式主语，that 是真正的主语从句。 在主语从句中又含有一个so…that 结果状语从句。
【词语点拨】
1).before long: 意为“不久”、“很快”(＝soon)，可用于将来或过去时态。如：
I hope to see you again before long. 我希望不久能再见到你。
Before long he came to a small village. 不久他来到了一个小村庄。
2). long before ：“老早”、“早就”等，通常与过去完成时连用，或后接名词或句子，意为
“在……的很久以前”、“在还没有……的很久以前”等如：
She had left long before. 她老早就离开了。
He had worked in the factory long before he got married.
【语法点拨】
本句中so...that... 引导结果状语从句，意为“如此/这么……以致于……”
常用句型为：主语 谓语 so adj.(形) / adv.(副) that从句。
He is so kind that we all like him.
他如此友好我们都喜欢他。
1. adj. & adv.的级别
1. （adj.& adv的级别）There's nothing sadder than a dream delayed until it fades forever. (2009年北京卷阅读B)
没有什么比延误梦想直到它永远消失更悲伤的了。
l （ 形容词 副词） I was getting more and more annoyed and of course, the more upset I got, the less I was able to concentrate.
我变的越来越心烦意乱, 当然, 我的情绪越坏, 就越难集中注意力.
l （ 形容词 副词） The more accurately (精确地) reality is presented, the less understandable the story, and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.
现实越是精确的呈现，故事就越难理解，故事越好理解，就越不现实。
l （ 形容词 副词/定语从句）In most countries, the oldest generation considered values more important to a nation than did those who are under 45 years old. (2012年陕西卷 阅读A)
在大多数国家， 与年龄在45岁的人相比， 老一代的人认为价值观对于一个国家更重要。
l (形容词副词) For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world.
举例来说，中国人口比世界上任何其他国家的人口都多，这是可以得到证实的。
l (形容词副词) There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.
国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运会奖牌一样的激烈。
l (形容词副词) She was very beautiful and could run faster than any man in Greece.
她长得很美，跑得比希腊的任何男人都快。
1、 adj&adv的级别
●（adj&adv的级别）There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. 对一个教育者来说，看到他或她多年工作的成果是最大的安慰。
●（adj&adv的级别）Some fish can produce sounds almost as loud as your speaking voice! 有的鱼发出的声音是你说话声音的两倍。
●（adj&adv的级别）Besides, we are all taxpayers so the more we earn the more tax we have to pay to those who govern us. 除此之外，我们都是纳税人，因此我们挣的钱越多，就要向政府交更多的税。
●（adj&adv的级别）When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth's. 当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那样大。
●（adj&adv的级别）But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
●（adj&adv的级别）Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world. 她们知道，因为五大湖，加拿大的淡水比世界上任何其他国家都要多。
●（adj&adv的级别）Sri Chinmoy says that it is just as important for people to develop their bodies as it is to develop their minds, hearts and spiritual selves. 斯里琴摩指出人们发展他们的体魄与发展他们的头脑、心灵和精神上的自我具有同等的重要性。
●（adj&adv的级别）The captain was as weak as the rest of us, but he was determined not to give up. 船长同我们这些人一样地虚弱，但是他决意不放弃。
●（adj&adv的级别）In fact, Australia has more kinds of venomous snake than any other country in the world. 事实上，澳大利亚比世界上任何其他国家的毒蛇品种都多。
●（adj&adv的级别）For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group. 举例说，进入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意购买电脑游戏，因此，针对这个目标群体制作有吸引力的电脑游戏广告才是有意义的。（新人教必修9Unit5P42）
●（adj&adv的级别）The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively. 年轻人越接触经济问题，他们就能越早地了解这些问题，他们就更有可能成为有责任感的、早作打算的成年人，能够有信心地、有效地管理自己的经济问题。 （2008上海卷阅读C）
●（adj&adv的级别）This nice-tasting pineapple contained four times more vitamin C(维生素C)than the old green variety. 这种好吃的菠萝含有的维生素C是以前的青色的菠萝的四倍。2008宁夏卷阅读B
●（adj&adv的级别）A paperback collection of short stories, for example, is always cheaper than an evening at the cinema or the theater, and you can keep a book for ever and read it many times. 例如，一本平装的小说集，比你在电影院或剧院度过一个晚上要花费得少，而且你可以永久保存一本书还能读好多次。（2008安徽卷阅读D）
●（adj&adv的级别）She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on testes and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”. 她发现因为努力被表扬的孩子比因为聪明被表扬的孩子在考试中表现得更好，更愿意承担困难的任务。 2008福建卷阅读B
●（adj&adv的级别）Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you will have to spend on your outside interests. 也许更重要的是，你学习的时间管理的越好，你就会有更多的时间用在你课外的兴趣上。
2、 动词的时态和语态
1. （动词的时态和语态）Just as I am about to become self-pitying, the door to our shelter opens and a blast of cold air tears through the hut. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P2) 正当我快要变得自我怜惜起来时，我们的营棚的门开了，一股冷空气穿过营棚。
2. （动词的时态和语态）Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive and he had repaid us by his commitment to return and save us from a slow but painful death. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P9) 乐观和对沙克尔顿的信任帮助我们坚持顽强地活了下来，而他给我们的回报则是承诺返回岛上，并且把我们从缓慢而又痛苦的死亡中解救出来。
3. （动词的时态和语态）One way to know what techniques to use is to study the techniques that good readers use and then adopt them in your own reading. Very soon you will have developed reading skills that will help you with all your reading. (新人教版必修10 Unit4 P33) 知道运用何种技巧的一种方法就是研究优秀阅读者所使用的方法，然后在自己的阅读中加以采纳。很快你就会提高阅读技能，有助于你开展各种阅读活动。
4. （动词的时态和语态）And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. So let freedom ring… (新人教版必修10 Unit3 P28) 如果美国要成为一个伟大的国家，这必须成为现实。所以让自由回荡……
5. （动词的时态和语态）I have had enough of your soldiers. They are expensive to keep and you don’t need them. (新人教版必修10 Unit2 P18) 我烦透你的士兵了。保留他们很费钱，而且你也不需要他们。
6. （动词的时态和语态/连词和状语从句）I have been so occupied getting used to everything that I haven’t had time for social activities. (新人教版必修7 Unit 5 P39) 一直忙于适应环境，以至于我都没有时间去搞社会活动。
7. （动词的时态和语态）It was the first time she had ever left her home country. (新人教版必修7 Unit5 P38) 这是她第一次离开自己的祖国。
8. （动词的时态和语态）The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment --- before I knew it, the mixture was bibbing over everywhere! (新人教版必修7 Unit4 P29) 有一天，我正在给孩子们做化学实验的演示，我还没明白是怎么回事，混合机就到处冒气泡了！
9. （动词的时态和语态）He worked there through his school and university years until 1942, a year after he had gained a Master’s degree at university in chemistry. (新人教版必修7 Unit 2 P16) 他读中学和大学的那段时间都在那里工作，一直到1942年，也就是他在大学里获得化学硕士学位后的一年才停止工作。
10. (动词的时态和语态) Over the last decade, the government has worked hard at using advertisements to educate the public on fighting AIDS, saving water, helping the poor, giving up smoking, etc. (北师大版M4 U11 L3) 在过去的十年中，政府努力用公益广告教育公众防范艾滋病、节约用水、扶贫、戒烟等。
11. (动词的时态和语态) Bacteria and viruses have been around since the beginning of life on Earth and many of today’s diseases have existed as long as humans have. (北师大版M7 U21 L3) 自从地球上有了生命，便有了细菌和病毒。
12. (动词的时态和语态/状语从句) By the year of 2015, the clothing industry will have produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them. (北师大版M7 U20 L1) 到2015年，服装工业将生产出新型的面料，无论你把什么东西洒在上面，都不会留下污点。
13. (动词的时态和语态) By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space. (北师大版M7 U20 L1) 到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适合人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。
14. (动词的时态和语态) At nine o’clock on Saturday morning, I’ll be sitting in the front row and listening to the great professor Willard talking about the future of my brain. (北师大版M7 U20 L1) 星期六上午九点钟，我将会坐在前排，聆听伟大的威拉德教授关于大脑的未来发展的语言。
15. (动词的时态和语态) In today’s world, winners are celebrated and treated as heroes, but if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the word “hero” will have lost all meaning. (北师大版M7 U21 L1) 在当今世界，人们祝贺获胜者，并把他们看作英雄，但如果服用兴奋剂和基因治疗继续影响着主要体育项目的成绩的话，“英雄”就失去了它的全部意义。
16. (动词的时态和语态/定语从句) One of the earliest epidemics on record happened about 500-550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time was attempting to rebuild the Roman Empire. (北师大版M7 U21 L3) 历史上有记载的最早的传染病之一发生在公元500-550年，当时的罗马皇帝正在试图重建罗马帝国。
17. （动词的时态和语态）But while he was having lunch, George glanced at the photo in the newspaper that the book had been wrapped in. (2009年上海卷阅读A) 然而在进午餐时，乔治不经意间看到包字典的报纸上的照片。
18. （动词的时态和语态）In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. (2012年辽宁卷阅读B) 在过去的20年间，中国的研究项目在西方的大学中获得了巨大的声望。
19. ●（动词的时态和语态）The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come. 最近的几年里，人们见证了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将发生。(北师大版M8U22L3)
20. ●（动词的时态和语态）People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years. 很多年来，在阿姆斯特丹人们一直能享受到骑自行车带来的好处。(北师大版M3 U9 L1)
21. ●（动词的时态和语态）In the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate -- something previously seen as beyond our control.
22. 最近几十年，科学家们一致认为，人类正在引起地球的气候变化—而这在以前看来是我们不能控制的。(北师大版M8 U22L1)
23. ●（动词的时态和语态）Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. 有些节日是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。（新人教版必修3Unit1P2）
24. ●（动词的时态和语态）Treatments for jellyfish stings and snakebites have also been developed and in the last five years there have been only three deaths from jellyfish stings and about the same number from snakebites. 治疗水母刺伤和毒蛇咬伤方法也已经研制成功，在过去的五年里只有三人死于水母刺伤，这与被蛇咬伤致死的人数大体相同。（新人教必修9Unit3P28）
25. ●（动词的时态和语态）Adverts are not only made and paid for by business, but also by individuals, organizations and associations that wish to inform or educate the public. 广告不仅可由商家付费制作，也可以由想要想公众传达或教育公众的个人、组织或协会来出资制作。（新人教必修9Unit5P42）
26. ●（动词的时态和语态）Margaret, married with two small children, has been working for the last seven years as a night cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building. 玛格丽特，已婚带着两个孩子，七年来一直作为一个夜晚的清洁工在工作，在一座大楼里打扫卫生。（2008湖北卷阅读A）
27. ●（动词的时态和语态）Peters died in 1984, and a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project. 彼得斯于1984年去世，为了纪念桥的建设者和他对这个项目的奉献，一个10英尺的木制松鼠雕塑被放置在桥的附近。2012山东卷阅读C
28.
l （时态语态）Now people are beginning to pay attention to Toffler’s ideas because the speed of change is becoming increasingly fast. (北师大版M5 Unit 14 Lesson 4 Job Trends)
现在由于变化的速度越来越快，人们开始关注托夫勒的预言。
l （时态语态）Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified (GM 转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marked in many countries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. (2011年陕西卷 阅读D)
自从二十世纪九十年代早期首次投入市场以来，转基因食物就不断地在很多国家开发和销售，主要是基于想要结束世界粮食危机。
l （时态语态）．Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. (2011年重庆卷 阅读C)
尽管相信灰尘有价值的观点久已存在，但从18世纪起人们就不再把灰尘当作好伙伴了。
l （时态语态） Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture. (2012年江苏卷 阅读B)
Merrigan, 一位先前的大学教授， 正在访问全国的大学以期望鼓励更多的学生去考虑将来从事农业生产。
l (时态语态) By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow any larger. (人教版 M2 Unit 3 Who Am I ?)
到二十世纪四十年代，我已经长得像一间屋子那么大了。
l (时态语态) Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told ! (人教版 M2 Unit 3 Who Am I ?)
随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！
l (时态语态) They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time. （人教版 M 2 Unit 4 Animal Extinction ）
千百万年前，恐龙就生活在地球上，比人类的出现要早得多，当时他们的前景好象也很安全。
l (时态语态) Art is influenced by the way of life and beliefs of the people, and China, unlike Europe, has followed a similar way of life for a very long time. (人教版 M6 Unit 1 A Short History of Western Painting)
艺术是受着人民生活习俗和信仰的影响的，与欧洲不同， 中国很久一直沿袭了相似的生活习俗。
l (时态语态) At this gallery, you will not only see an excellent collection of pre-twentieth century western paintings but you will also be able to explore Frick’s beautiful house. (人教版 M 6 Unit 1 The Best Of Manhattan’s Art Galleries )
在这个画廊，你不仅能看到20世纪以前的西方绘画，而且能够好好考察一下弗里克美丽的故居和花园。
l (时态语态) It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. (人教版 M 8 Unit 1 A Land Of Diversity )
人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族，多文化的混合体。
l (时态语态/定语从句) We have been excavating layers of ash almost six meters thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. (人教版 M 6 Unit 5 A Visit To The Zhou Kou Dian Caves )
我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰,几乎有六米厚, 这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火.
3、非谓语动词
1. （非谓语动词）I’ll never forget watching the little boat disappear through the booming waves into the stormy ocean. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P3) 我永远也不会忘记眼看着小船从哗哗作响的波浪中消失在波涛汹涌的大海洋里的情景。
2. （非谓语动词）Left behind, we watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P 9) 我们留下了，看着沙克尔顿和小船驶离大象岛。
3. （非谓语动词）With no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, the only fuel we could use was seal fat. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P9) 南极地区不长树，也没有油料，唯一可供我们作燃料的便是海豹的脂肪。
4. （非谓语动词）Four months of this was as much as the twenty-two of us could bear in this bone-numbing cold. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P9) 在这样彻骨的寒冷中，这种状况持续的四个月是我们22人所能承受的极限。
5. （非谓语动词）With the 19th century being regarded as one of great women writers, there were also some excellent male authors. (新人教版必修10 Unit5 P 42) 十九世纪被认为是伟大女作家人才辈出的世纪，这一时期也有一些优秀的男作家。
6. （非谓语动词）These women having produced works of the highest quality, any survey of the 19th century English literature must include them. (新人教版必修10 Unit5 P42) 这些女作家由于创作了具有高水准的作品，任何关于19世纪英国文学的研究都必须包括她们。
7. （非谓语动词）This will allow hearing-impaired customers to enjoy the company of their hearing friends rather than having to sit in a special area. (新人教版必修7 Unit 1 P 8) 这样可以使那些听力有缺陷的观众和那些听力很好的朋友坐在一起欣赏，而不是让它们坐在一个特定的地区。
8. （非谓语动词）By the amused and surprised look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair. (新人教版必修7 Unit 2 P 11) 从格拉迪斯脸上的那种有趣而又惊奇的神色来看，克莱尔知道，格拉迪斯认为她有风流韵事了。
9. （非谓语动词/定语从句）She was proud to have recently represented her country in an athletic competition where she won a gold medal in the 50-meter race. (新人教版必修7 Unit1 P1) 她很自豪因为她代表她的祖国参加了一次运动比赛，在比赛中她还得了一枚50米跑的金牌。
10. （非谓语动词）As well as going to the movies and football matches with my friends when I am well enough, I spend a lot of time with my pets. (新人教版必修7 Unit1 P3) 身体好的时候，我会和我的朋友一起去看电影和足球比赛。此外，我还花很多时间和我的宠物在一起。
11. （非谓语动词/连词和状语从句）But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt --- you cannot have women falling in love with machines. (新人教版必修7 Unit 2 P12) 但是，尽管托你很聪明，他还得做一番改造---总不能让女人和机器相爱吧。
12. （非谓语动词）I told myself they weren’t dangerous but that didn’t stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment! (新人教版必修7 Unit 3 P23) 我自言自语地说他们并不危险，但是我这样说一点也不能抑制我那怕得要死的恐惧心情。
13. （非谓语动词/定语从句）Living with host families, some of which have children who are also at university, gives students the opportunity to learn more about everyday life and customs in their new country. (新人教版必修7 Unit5 P38) 有的房东家也有上大学的孩子，跟这样的人家住在一起会给外国学生提供学习机会，更好地了解这个新国家的日常生活和风俗习惯。
14. (非谓语动词) London’s name had been announced twice before, in 1908 and 1948, so it now has the distinction of being the first city to host the event three times. (北师大版M4 U11 L1) 之前伦敦的名字已经被宣布了两次，因此它现在享有身为第一个举办过三届奥运会的国家的殊荣。
15. (非谓语动词/定语从句) The recent case of an American women, Terri Schiavo, whose husband won a legal battle to have her taken off life support machines after she spent 15 years in a coma-like state, has exposed the many sensitive legal and medical issues that surround the care of coma patients. (北师大版M7 U21 CW) 最近一位美国妇女Terri Schiavo的案例已经暴露出许多关于对昏迷病人的护理的敏感的司法和医学问题，她的丈夫打赢了一场官司，在她在昏迷状态下度过15年之后，把她与她的生命供应机切断了。
16. (非谓语动词) The court gave their approval for the life support machines to be turned off and while this ruling left Terri’s parents feeling numb and others claiming that life is sacred, which no one has the right to end, many would say it was the right thing to do for Terri. (北师大版M7 U21 CW) 法院批准把生命供养机关掉，虽然此项裁决使得Terri的父母感觉麻木，而且使其他人声称生命是神圣的，没有人有权力将其终止，但是许多人都会说这对Terri来说却是一件正确的事情。
17. (非谓语动词) Modern advertisements must stand out in a world full of competition by combining the highest standards of design with ideas linked to the products to make them more attractive. (北师大版M4 U11 L3) 现代广告必须把最高水平的设计和产品理念相结合，以增强吸引力，这样才能够从激烈的竞争中胜出。
18. (非谓语动词) The top advertisers of today believe that using humor as well as new and unusual ideas to surprise people is important in modern advertisements. (北师大版M4 U11 L3) 当今的顶级广告设计者认为，在现代广告中运用幽默和新颖独特的创意很重要。
19. (非谓语动词) At the last minute, he jumped out of the truck, hurting his ankle, before the trolleybus crashed into the truck, pushing it 20 yards. (北师大版M4 U11 L4) 在最后一分钟，他从车中跳了出来，伤了脚踝，然后电车就撞上他的卡车，并把它向前推动了20码。
20. (非谓语动词) I don’t know what your expectations are of London, but knowing that you’ve never travelled outside of Asia, I thought I’d tell you a bit about what you can expect to find. (北师大版M4 U12 L1) 我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望，但我知道您从未到过亚洲以外的地方旅行，所以，我想告诉你关于这里的情况。
21. (非谓语动词) I told her the coat suited her, but she looked very embarrassed, saying that it was a cheap one she had bought a long time ago. (北师大版M4 U12 L3) 我对她说，这件衣服很适合她穿。没想到她看上去很不好意思，解释说那件皮衣是很早以前买的。
22. (非谓语动词/名词性从句) With recent press reports drawing parallels between Bird Flu and a killer epidemic in the past, Jim Smith looks through the history of epidemics for clues about what the future might hold. (北师大版M7 U21 L3) 随着近期的媒体报道将禽流感与过去的致命传染病画上等号，吉姆·史密斯回顾了传染病的历史，寻找与将来可能发生的情况有关的线索。
23. (非谓语动词) Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history. (北师大版M7 U21 L3) 西班牙流感在十八个月内夺去了五千万人的生命，该病似乎专门袭击年轻力壮的人，而不是老迈长者，被认为是历史上最严重的一次传染病。
24. (非谓语动词) The Olympic spirit --- the spirit of competition which emphasizes taking part rather than winning --- has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. (北师大版M7 U21 L1) 奥林匹克精神---强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神---已经被为成功而不惜一切代价的愿望所亵渎。
25. （非谓语动词）Ma Shwe was as near to the far bank as she could get, holding her whole body against the rushing water, and keeping the calf pressed against her huge body. (2009全国I卷阅读A) Ma shwe尽可能靠近河岸，在湍急的河水中保持着身体的平衡，并且用她那肥胖的身躯抵住小牛。
26. （非谓语动词）Finally it was time to have Miss Finlayson help me with my boots.
(2009年陕西卷阅读A) 终于该让Finlayson老师帮我穿靴子了。
27. （非谓语动词）With December coming, there’s reconstruction work to be done, so it’s difficult to prepare for Christmas. (2009年四川卷阅读B) 12月就要来了，还要做重建工作，所以很难为圣诞节做准备。
28. （非谓语动词）People today prefer living together to putting their signatures on a marriage certificate because they refuse to accept responsibility for the relationship. (2009年江西卷阅读C)
现在的人宁可同居，却不愿在结婚证上签字，因为他们拒绝为这种关系负责。
29. （非谓语动词）Soil is made up of a number of layers（层），each having its own distinctive color and texture. (2009年江苏卷阅读D)
土壤有许多层组成，每一层都有自己独特的颜色和质地。
30. （非谓语动词）
When World War I broke out, he seemed to have become another man, downhearted. (2009年湖北卷阅读A)
当第一次世界大战爆发时，他像是变了一个人，特别地消沉。
31. （非谓语动词）When camping in woodland, avoid standing dead trees, which may fall on a windy night. (2009年北京卷阅读E) 当在林地露营时，避免站在枯木边上，它们可能在有风的夜晚落下来。
32. （非谓语动词）Edmonds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time speechwriter for a U.S. president; he is also the first African American to serve as director of speechwriting for the White House. (2009年陕西卷阅读B) 埃德蒙兹是第一个非洲裔美国人作为全职演讲撰稿人为美国总统工作。他也是第一位非洲裔美国人作为演讲撰稿人总监为白宫工作。
33. （非谓语动词）When I headed toward the centre, I found myself surrounded by buildings that mirror the best palaces of Europe. (2009年重庆卷阅读D) 当向市中心进发时，我发现自己被高楼大厦所包围，这儿映现了欧洲最好的宫殿。
34. （非谓语动词）Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane’s engines, causing damage to the plane. (2009年辽宁卷阅读C)
飞机从火山灰云层经过会使得云层中的灰烬进入飞机引擎，从而对飞机造成危险。
35. （非谓语动词）We’d gotten so used to keeping our air-conditioning going around the clock. (2009年福建卷阅读E) 我们已经很习惯没日没夜地开着我们的空调了。
36. （非谓语动词）He said he will make his study on the fish known to the public in an American magazine early next year. (2009全国II卷阅读C) 他说明年初他会在一家美国杂志上将他对鱼类的研究公之于众。
37. （非谓语动词）Three hours passing by, I became more and more impatient. (2009年重庆卷阅读A) 三个小时过去了，我变得越来越不耐烦。
38. （非谓语动词）With more than three children, for example, wives took on more of the extra work, clocking about 28 hours a week compared with husbands’ 10 hours. (2009全国II卷阅读B) 比如说，如果孩子数量超过三个，妻子们每周做家务的时间会增加到28个小时，而丈夫仅为10个小时。
39. （非谓语动词/定语从句） A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing. (2012年江西卷阅读D) 乘火车旅行也有其独特的魅力。湖泊、森林、原始而又广袤的平原打你的车窗前扫过，这些都创造了伟大的风景，在这样的景致中，时间和距离都失去了意义。
40. （非谓语动词）Having been an immigrant (移民) myself, I admire people who go overseas to find a job. (2012年湖北卷阅读A) 我自己就曾是个移民，所以我非常钦佩那些到海外求职的人。
On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land, we watch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. 在一个600英尺高的山上，我们看雨落在周围，月亮从山上升起，星星在天空中出现。2012四川卷阅读A
When you set out to do something different, there’s no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract of the publisher — to be a published writer — is unbelievably rewarding. 当着手去做不同的事情，看不到尽头，所以，发现自己在一个自己的名字写在出版商的合同上——成为一个出版作家——是令人难以置信的回报。2012四川卷阅读C
The Harvard-MIT program will be monitored by a not-for-profit organization based in Cambridge, to be owned equally by the two universities. 一个位于剑桥的非盈利组织要对Harvard-MIT这个项目进行监控，两所大学同等地拥有这个项目。2012四川卷阅读D
To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter. 要真正开发同理心，你最好在养老院或医院做志愿者，加入一个有一个多样化的会员的俱乐部或一个团队，与你的家人有一个“共享圈”，或者在一个动物收容所照顾宠物。2012北京卷阅读七选五
The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate. 这项研究发表于2009年，发现用笔和纸来写，参与者写的文章更长，写的句子更完整，写单词的速度更快。2012天津卷阅读C
It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文)showing how it was used. 它将包括每一个可能的英文词，不仅给出词的定义而且给出这个词的历史和表示它的用法的引文。2012山东卷阅读B
But the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes, accompanied by an article from the local paper, has made a northern German city believe in fairytales但是，捐赠者开始给值得关注的事业发送装有现金的信封，伴随着当地报纸的一篇文章，已经使一个德国北部城市相信童话。2012福建卷阅读A
Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. 基本的数学源自相对容易的概念，逐渐转移到更麻烦的，以便允许学生能稳定地、有把握地理解材料。2012北京卷阅读A
Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as “the best math teacher in America,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. H·西格尔教授，被肯塔基州教育电视称为是“美国最好的数学老师，“是一个尽职的教师，在解释数学概念方面很有天赋的，能把这些概念解释得清楚明了。2012北京卷阅读A
Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. 自豪地阅读我写的内容，我环顾整个房间，却发现我的同学笑得眼泪都要流出来了。2012北京卷阅读B
Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. 感到困惑，我瞥了一眼老师。没有选择，我慢慢拿高我写的报告，希望能隐藏自己。2012北京卷阅读B
●（非谓语动词）He failed to win the race to the Pole, but the extraordinary courage shown by Captain Scott and his men made them into heroes. 他没有能够到极地的比赛，但是斯科特上校和他的队员所表现出的超常的勇气使他们成了英雄。(北师大版M3 U8 L4)
●（非谓语动词）But anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs of the motor car. 但是比起汽车的实际代价，紧张和恼怒都是微不足道的。(北师大版M3 U9 L4)
●（非谓语动词）Ford found a way to mass-produce the motor car cheaply, making it possible for many more people to own one. 福特想了个办法便宜地大批量生产汽车，使更多的人有可能拥有一辆车。(北师大版M3 U9 Culture Corner)
●（非谓语动词）Looking ahead, scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing the 21st century. 展望未来，科学家们认为全球变暖可能是21世纪所面临的最严重的环境问题之一。(北师大版M8 U23 L3)
●（非谓语动词）Given this data, it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence. 根据这一数据推断，人类活动与全球变暖之间的关系不仅仅只是一个巧合。 (北师大版M8 U22L1)
●（非谓语动词）In the last three years, Indonesia has had a rough time, suffering several killer quakes and it is still recovering from the Asian tsunami caused by an offshore earthquake on December 26th, 2004. 在过去的三年里，印尼饱受自然灾害之苦，它遭受了几次致命的大地震，至今仍然处于2004年12月26日发生的亚洲海啸所造成的创伤的恢复期中，那次海啸是由一次离岸地震所引起的。(北师大版M8 U22L3)
●（非谓语动词）The children played in the courtyards and because of the hutongs, courtyards were joined together for miles around creating a network of people working, playing and living together—a real community. 孩子们在院子里一起玩耍，方圆好几里的四合院被连接起来，构成了人们一起工作、一起娱乐、一起起居的网络和一个真正的社区。(北师大版M8 U24L3)
●（非谓语动词）The hutongs not only link Beijing’s streets and communities after all, but also its past and present, showing that Beijing is truly an ancient yet modern city. 胡同不仅连接了北京的街道和社区，它还联系着北京的过去和现在，它证明了北京的确是一座古老而现代的城市。(北师大版M8 U24L3)
●Eighty-year-old retired tailor, James Mckay, spent Saturday night in jail after hitting thirty-year-old Keith Smith over the head with his walking stick. 81岁的退休裁缝吉姆斯 · 迈奇，在用拐杖打了30岁的科思· 史密斯的头之后，在监狱里度过了星期六的夜晚。(北师大版M8 U23L1)
●（非谓语动词）Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by. "Hello, Lao Li," he called. "Your usual?" But Li Chang seemed not to hear.突然间，他看到自己的朋友李昌匆匆地走过。他喊道，“喂，老李！你还是吃老一套的吧？”可是李昌似乎没有听到。（新人教版必修3Unit1P10）
●（非谓语动词）He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! He had better do some research! 他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉。他最好做一番调查！（新人教版必修3Unit1P10）
●（非谓语动词）At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui’s far too little. 在图书馆，王鹏很惊讶地发现，他餐馆的食物脂肪含量太高，而雍慧餐馆的食物脂肪含量又太低。（新人教必修3Unit2P10）
●（非谓语动词）Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying dumplings and breast of chicken cooked with garlic. 雍慧同意留下来。没过一会，他们两人就津津有味地吃起饺子和蒜蓉鸡胸。（新人教必修3Unit2P14）
●（非谓语动词）At this moment, they see a penniless young man wandering on the pavement outside their house. 这时他们看见一个身无分文的年轻人在房子外面的人行道上游荡。（新人教必修3Unit3P17）
●（非谓语动词）Just having you sit here is a great honour! As for the bill, sir, please forget it. 您就是在这儿坐一下也是我们莫大的荣幸!至于说账单吗，先生，请您把它忘了吧。（新人教必修3Unit3P22）
●（非谓语动词）As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. 因此，许多科学家相信地球可能会变得太热而不适合生物的生存。（新人教必修3Unit4P26）
●（非谓语动词）Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. 我的朋友李彦平是一位飞行员，上个月我有幸得到一个机会同他一起去太空旅行。（新人教必修3Unit4P30）
●（非谓语动词）We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased. 我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。（新人教必修3Unit4P31）
●（非谓语动词）Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast. 李黛予和她的表妹刘倩要去加拿大大西洋海岸的蒙特利尔市看望他们的表兄妹们。（新人教必修3Unit5P34）
●（非谓语动词）Going eastward, you'll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities. 一路向东行，你们会经过一座座山脉，上千个湖泊，森林，还有宽阔的河流和许多大城市。（新人教必修3Unit5P34）
●（非谓语动词）They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workplaces beside the water. 整个下午他们穿梭于布局可爱的商店，还拜访了水边工作坊里的艺术家。（新人教必修3Unit5P38）
●Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes. 他们中许多人都有骑野马的才能，他们能赢得几千美元的奖金。（新人教必修3Unit5P34）
●（非谓语动词）Skiing in the Rocky Mountains and sailing in the harbour make Vancouver one of Canada's most popular cities to live in. 洛基山可以滑雪，海港供你杨帆，这些使得温哥华成为加拿大最受欢迎的居住城市之一。（新人教必修3Unit5P34）
●（非谓语动词）People say it is Canada's most beautiful city, surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean. 人们说温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城市，被大山和太平洋环抱。（新人教必修3Unit5P34）
●（非谓语动词）The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as thought it is covered with pink snow. （节日里）整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的血。（新人教版必修3Unit1P2）
●（非谓语动词）Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would drown his sadness in coffee. 他不想屏息等他来道歉，他要用咖啡来解愁。（新人教版必修3Unit1P7）
●（非谓语动词）While Ashrita makes standing on top of a 75 cm Swiss ball look easy, it is not. It takes a lot of concentration and a great sense of balance to stay on it. 当阿西里塔站在75厘米高的瑞士球上时，看起来虽然很轻松容易，其实不然。呆在球上得一直全神贯注，还需要有极强的注意力和极好的平衡感。（新人教必修9Unit1P2）
●（非谓语动词）Covering a mile in the fastest time while doing gymnastically correct lunges is yet another event in which Ashrita is outstanding. 做标准的体操弓箭步动作向前，以最快的节奏走完一英里的路程是阿西里塔又一个出色的项目。（新人教必修9Unit1P2）
●（非谓语动词）An early method of measuring speed involved throwing a knotted rope tied to a log over the side of the ship. 早期测量速度的方法是沿着船边拉一根打结的绳子。（新人教必修9Unit2P13）
●（非谓语动词）It measured how high stars were above the horizon using a quarter circle rather than the full circle of the astrolabe. 它利用星盘的1/4圆周而不是整个圆来测量星星在水平线上的高度。（新人教必修9Unit2P13）
●（非谓语动词）It was extremely difficult for us to get a correct reading from the quadrant as the boat moved constantly. 因为船只总是在晃动，所以我们很难从四分仪上得到正确的读数。（新人教必修9Unit2P18）
●（非谓语动词）It was starvation quantities but the extreme lack of water was the hardest to cope with psychologically. 这点份量的食物只能让人处于饥饿之中，可是我们心里上最难承受的却是极度缺水。（新人教必修9Unit2P18）
●（非谓语动词）You could not imagine a more disturbing sight than what we looked like when arriving in Timor over forty days after being set loose in our small boat. 你简直无法想像我们被放在小船上漂泊了40天后在帝汶岛登陆时的凄惨样子。（新人教必修9Unit2P18）
●（非谓语动词）At that time, there were restrictions on the movement of Europeans and so, in order to travel unnoticed, he developed his fluency in Chinese and dressed as a Chinese man, even shaving his head in the Chinese style. 那时候，欧洲人在中国的活动受到种种限制，因此为了在旅行中不引起别人注意，他努力使自己的汉语讲得很流利，并且穿着中国人的服装，甚至像中国人一样削发（留辫）。（新人教必修9Unit4P33）
●（非谓语动词）This invention, called the Wardian case, allowed plants to be transported on long journeys. （新人教必修9Unit4P32）这项发明被称为沃德箱，可以用来进行远距离的植物运输。
●（非谓语动词）Brave young men took the opportunity of going on botanical expeditions, often facing many dangers including disease,near-starvation, severe environments and conflicts with the local people. 勇敢的年轻人借机进行植物探索活动，他们常常面临许多危险，如疾病、饥饿、严酷的环境以及同当地居民的冲突。（新人教必修9Unit4P32）
●（非谓语动词）You might think that with all these dangerous animals Australia is an unsafe place to live in or visit. However, this is far from the truth. 澳大利亚有这么多的危险动物，你也许会认为到这里居住或到这里旅游很不安全。但事实并非如此。（新人教必修9Unit3P28）
●（非谓语动词）With so many messages from advertisers filling our daily lives, it is important to understand how advertisements work. 我们的日常生活中充满了众多的广告信息，可见了解广告如何发挥作用是很重要的事情。（新人教必修9Unit5P42）
●（非谓语动词）Having identified the target group, researchers find out as much as possible about those in the target group, such as their likes and dislikes, and how the product would fit into their lives. 明确了广告的目标群体后，研究人员就会尽量收集这个群体的有关信息，例如他们的好恶，以及如何使产品适应他们的生活。（新人教必修9Unit5P42）
●（非谓语动词）However, it would be no use advertising products on radio if the ad relies on visual effects. 但是，如果一项产品的广告要依靠视觉效果，那么它在收音机里播出就毫无意义了。（新人教必修9Unit5P43）
●（非谓语动词）On the other hand, being constantly exposed to advertisements can help to change our opinions over time. 另一方面，经常处于广告的包围中，我们的想法有可能随着时间的流逝而变化。（新人教必修9Unit5P43）
●（非谓语动词）A consumer can complain to the organization, giving reasons for their complaint, and if the complaint is correct, the organization can make the company stop using the offending advertisement. 消费者可以向这个机构投诉，提出投诉的理由，如果投诉是正确的，该机构可以责令该公司停止使用这种令人不愉快的广告。（新人教必修9Unit5P49）
●（非谓语动词）At 12 years old she won a Guinness Record when she became the youngest female to win the women's world title for platform diving at the World Championships in Australia in 1991. 1991年，12岁的伏明霞就获得了一项吉尼斯纪录，当时她参加了在澳大利亚举行的跳台跳水世界锦标赛，成为最年轻的女子世界冠军。（新人教必修9Unit1P8）
●（非谓语动词）She retired from diving after Atlanta and went to study economics at university. While there she decided to make a comeback and went on to compete at the Sydney Olympic Games, where she won her fourth Olympic gold, again making Olympic history. 在亚特兰大之后，伏明霞退役，到大学里学习经济。读书期间，她决定复出参加悉尼奥运会，结果她又获得了自己的第四枚奥运金牌，再次改写了奥运会历史。（新人教必修9Unit1P8）
●（非谓语动词）His heart racing, and tears filling his eyes, Jack carefully unlocked the box. 杰克心跳加快，双眼含泪，小心翼翼地打开这个盒子。（2008江苏卷阅读D）
●（非谓语动词）Complete with “red carpet” interviews and various awards, the festival has much in common with events for more experienced moviemakers, except for the age of the participants: about 8 to 18. 有“红毯”采访和各种奖项，这个电影节除了参与者的年龄是大约8至18岁，它与有更有经验的制片人参与的电影节有许多共同之处。（2008山东卷阅读A）
●（非谓语动词）In no time, the Del Monte Gold took the market by storm, rapidly becoming the world’s best-selling pineapple variety, and delivering natural levels of sweetness in the mouth, up until then only found in tinned pineapple. 德尔蒙金菠萝立刻占有了市场，很快成为世界上销售最好的菠萝，吃到嘴里有一种天然的甜味，在那之前，只有罐装菠萝才有这种味儿。（2008全国I卷阅读B）
●（非谓语动词）My earliest memories of my father are of a tall, handsome successful man devoted to his work and family, but uncomfortable with his children. 我对父亲的最早的记忆是一个个子高的英俊的成功男士，热爱工作和家庭，但是和孩子么在一起时让人不舒服。2008全国I卷阅读A
●（非谓语动词）In spite of ups and downs, she never take her fate lying down. In her splendid life, she has won an amazing eleven gold medals, four silvers and one bronze in series of Paralympics- a top lever athletic career covering two decades. 尽管有起起伏伏，她从来不甘心接受命运，在她辉煌的生命中，她在一系列的残疾人运动会中，令人惊喜地赢得11枚金牌，4枚银牌和一枚铜牌，长达20年她的运动生涯达到顶峰。 （2008福建卷阅读 A）
●（非谓语动词）For example, there're the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure. 例如，别人朝你笑你很可能笑，有不太明显的反映惊讶，愤怒或悲伤的变化，如我们的心率和血压的变化。（2008湖南卷阅读C）
●（非谓语动词）Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption(消费) on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. 粉丝过去会对一部具体的电影而疯狂，但是现在，公众倾向于把消费建立在与某种指定的产品有联系的名人的兴趣上。（2008湖南卷阅读D）
●（非谓语动词）The hotels themselves will vary greatly----from being quite simple in the early days to huge luxury structure at a later date.，从早期的非常简洁到后来的结构豪华，这些宾馆本身很不一样。（2008江西卷阅读E）
●（非谓语动词）The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. 摆脱负面的自我形象的最好办法是意识到你的形象远远不是客观的，同时积极的使你相信自己或者你的积极的品质。（2008广东卷阅读 B）
●（非谓语动词）Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present. 他们的研究发现可可含有的可可碱治疗咳嗽的有效性比可待因高三分之一，可待因目前被认为是最好的治咳嗽的药。（2008全国II卷阅读 D）
●（非谓语动词）Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army, I’m not alone in my opinion. 根据我的经验，慢跑是最被人高估的运动形式，从退出我们的慢跑大军的人数判断，不只是我有这种观点。（2008浙江阅读D）
41.
非谓语动词
l （非谓语动词）Supported by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone’s future success, their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ. (北师大版M5 Unit 13 lesson 1 EQ:IQ)
萨洛维教授在他学术研究的基础上提出, 在预测一个人未来的成功时, 他的性格,即通过情商测验来衡量, 也许比他的智商更为重要.
l (非谓语动词) To get ahead in the world and lead a happy successful life means getting on with other people and being able to understand and react to situations in the best way possible. (北师大版M5 Unit 13 lesson 1 EQ:IQ)
在这个世界中生存并快乐的生活意味着能够与其他人很好的相处, 能够理解形势并以最好的方式作出反应.
l (非谓语动词) I couldn’t help laughing at this and I invited her back to my apartment for a quick cup of tea. (北师大版M5 Unit 13 lesson 4 First Impressions)
我禁不住笑了, 然后我邀请她去我家喝杯茶.
l (非谓语动词) Pliny described a cloud coming down the mountain, blocking out the sun and burying everything in its path, including whole villages and towns. (M6 Unit 16 lesson 1 Stories form History)
普利尼描述，当时一团云自山颠而降，遮天蔽日，将所经之处，包括整座村庄和城市，统统吞没。
l (非谓语动词/定语从句) Having scared the little beings, I began struggling to get loose and managed to break the strings that tied my left arm and slightly moved the strings that tied down my hair. (北师大版M6 Unit 17 Communication Workshop )
吓跑了小人，我开始挣扎以使绳子松开，终于挣断了绑着左臂的绳子，并轻轻地解开绑着头发的绳子。
l （非谓语动词） Inspired by this, I decided to realize my dream, even though some of my family members and my doctor were against it. (2011年北京卷 阅读A)
受到启发, 我决定去实现我的梦想, 即使我的一些家人和医生反对.
l (非谓语动词) Cats and dogs can learn how to read each other’s body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than was previously suspected. (2011年广东卷阅读 B )
猫和狗能够学会如何读懂对方的身体信号, 表明两者拥有的共同之处比先前猜想的要多.
l (非谓语动词) Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a built-in device for cleaning the window. (2011年江苏卷 阅读A)
注意到司机要很费力的透过覆盖在挡风玻璃上的雪向外看，她不禁想为什么不能有一个内置的设备来清除雪呢。
l (非谓语动词) Shay didn’t make it to another summer and died that winter, having never forgotten being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of the day! （2011年江苏卷 阅读D）
Shay 在那一年的冬天死了，没有活到第二年的夏天，他永远也忘不掉自己当英雄以及让自己的爸爸如此高兴，跑回家看到含泪的妈妈抱住这个小英雄的场景。
l (非谓语动词) For example, many companies now have to invest a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the “phone rage” –caused by delays in answering calls, being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods. (2011年浙江卷 阅读C)
例如，许多公司现在不得不在信息技术和职员培训上投资很多钱以便处理电话投诉----未及时接电话、谈话中线路中断或让等候太久-
l (非谓语动词) To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee. (2011年福建卷 阅读A)
把酒精从体内消除是个缓慢的过程，也不可能通过任何措施如洗澡或喝杯茶或咖啡来加速其消除的过程。
l (非谓语动词) In the fall of 1985, I was a bright-eyed girl heading off to Howard University, aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Super Court bench Somewhere. (2011年天津卷 阅读B)
1985年的秋天，我兴致勃勃地去哈佛大学学习，目的是从事法律工作并梦想着坐在某处最高法院的法官席上。
l (非谓语动词) In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools. (2011年天津卷 阅读C)
除了鼓励把阅读当作所有的人的一种追求外，这个项目还允许陌生人在汽车上通过讨论交流，同时宣传把阅读当作家庭和学校共享的一次体验。
l (非谓语动词) Renting your home out as a “film set” could earn you hundreds of pounds a day, depending on the film production company and how long you home is needed. (2011年四川卷 阅读B)
把房子租出去当电影摄影场能让你一天挣数百磅，这取决于电影公司和你的租期。
非谓语动词
l (非谓语动词) Some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter doesn’t attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using color, line and shape to represent them. (人教版 M6 Unit 1 A Short History of Western Painting)
有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征， 用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。
l (非谓语动词) Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people. (人教版 M 6 Unit 1 The Best Of Manhattan’s Art Galleries )
亨利 克莱 弗里克 是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品全部留给了美国人民。
l (非谓语动词) Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific instruments in my work and sometimes meeting with local people and tourists, I am never bored. (人教版 M 6 Unit 5 An Exciting Job )
l (非谓语动词) Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow nest and how fast it will flow. (人教版 M 6 Unit 5 An Exciting Job )
收集和评估了这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测下次火上熔岩将流往何处，流速是多少。
l (非谓语动词) Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice. (人教版 M 6 Unit 5 An Exciting Job )
因为我在夏威夷曾经经历过多次地震, 所以对这种声音我并不在意.
l (非谓语动词) The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them. (人教版 M 6 Unit 5 An Exciting Job )
另外两个人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆, 我是第一次经历这样的事, 所以留在山顶上观察他们.
l (非谓语动词) Having studied volcanoes now for more than twenty years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. (人教版 M 6 Unit 5 An Exciting Job )
虽然我从事火山研究很多年了, 但是我对火山的壮丽景色以及它那潜在的巨大破坏力至今仍然感到惊愕不已.
l (非谓语动词) Worried about the preparations for the feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruits. （人教版 M 8 Unit 5 The Feast : 18,000 BC ）
拉拉担心她这次盛宴的准备工作，所以赶紧把坚果和水果收拾起来就快步回家了。
l (非谓语动词) Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. （人教版 M 8 Unit 5 The Feast : 18,000 BC ）
拉拉沿着回洞穴的路走着，她的步伐加快了，担心会有野兽在等她。
42.
3、 情态动词和虚拟语气
虚拟语气
l （虚拟语气） If Jenny hadn’t been a kind person who was willing to forgive my shortcomings, I would never have experienced such true friendship. (北师大版M5 Unit 13 lesson 4 First Impressions)
如果詹妮不是这么善良和宽容我的缺点的话, 我就不会经历这段真正的友谊.
l （虚拟语气） In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam, he would have had no chance of getting a degree. (北师大版M5 Unit 15 Lesson 1 Life-long Learning)
过去，像我这样不能通过高考而进入大学的人士没有机会拿到学位的。
l （虚拟语气） Shay’s father knew that most of the boys would not want someone like Shay on their team, but the father also understood that if his son, mentally and physically disabled, were allowed to play, it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence. (2011年江苏卷 阅读D)
Shay 的爸爸明白大多数孩子是不想让Shay这样的孩子在队里的， 但他的爸爸也明白如果他残障的孩子被允许打球，这会给他急需的归属感和自信。
l （虚拟语气） Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, he would probably now be valued as a minor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75. (2011年重庆卷 阅读D)
如果叶芝在40岁停止写作，现在他有可能被认为是个二流诗人，因为在文学史上没有人能在50岁和75岁写出最伟大的作品。
l (虚拟语气) If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, people would not have been able to paint such realistic pictures. (人教版 M6 Unit 1 A Short History of Western Painting)
如果没有发现透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。
l (虚拟语气) If only it could be just like last year ! （人教版 M 8 Unit 5 The Feast : 18,000 BC ）
要是能像去年那样就好了！
l (虚拟语气) If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year ! （人教版 M 8 Unit 5 The Feast : 18,000 BC ）
她要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！
1. （情态动词和虚拟语气）I believe Shackleton must have mourned this unexpected end to his expedition, but he did not waste time on regrets. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P3) 我相信沙克尔顿肯定会对这次探险意想不到的结局而痛心，但他没有把时间浪费在遗憾和悔恨中。
2. （情态动词和虚拟语气）Normally we would have been only too happy, as it would have guaranteed us a seat for the whole journey. But not today! (新人教版必修10 Unit3 P22) 通常情况下，我们只会欣喜若狂，因为这会保证我们全程都有座位。但不是今天！
3. （情态动词和虚拟语气）If your pride hasn’t been hurt by my honest confession and if I had flattered you, it might have been different. (新人教版必修10 Unit5 P47) 如果我的坦诚相告没有伤到你的自尊，如果我阿谀奉承你，事情可能就会完全不同了。
4. （情态动词和虚拟语气）It spared me any concern I might have felt in refusing you if you had behaved more like a gentleman. (新人教版必修10 Unit5 P47) 如果你的举止更像一个绅士的话，在拒绝你时，我可能感到不自在，而现在这省掉了我的一切不自在。
5. （情态动词和虚拟语气）I have to speak out, my Lord. I would rather lose my life than see you make such a mistake. (新人教版必修10 Unit2 P13) 我必须要讲清楚，陛下。我宁愿丢掉性命也不愿意看到您犯下如此严重的错误。
6. （情态动词和虚拟语气/动词的时态和语态）Tony suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return. (新人教版必修7 Unit2 P11) 托尼建议克莱尔邀请格拉迪斯和她的朋友到家里来玩，时间就定在托尼离去和拉里回家之前的那个晚上。
7. (情态动词和虚拟语气) They spend half their time thinking up ways of getting rich, and the rest of their time thinking about all the enjoyable things they would do once they got rich. (北师大版M4 U10 L1) 他们花了一半的时间梦想致富的方法，而另一半的时间则在琢磨他们一旦富起来后要做的事情。
8. (情态动词和虚拟语气) But do all millionaires find the happiness that they thought they would get when they achieve their goals? (北师大版M4 U10 L1) 但是，是否所有百万富翁真正得到了他们实现目标前所期盼的幸福呢？
9. (情态动词和虚拟语气) Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology, whether lucky or planned, the world as we know it today would have been a completely different place. (北师大版M7 U20 L3) 没有这些科技先驱们的发现，不管是由于幸运还是有所计划，我们今天所熟悉的这个世界将会完全是完全不同的世界。
10.
（情态动词和虚拟语气）“Don’t be silly, Ben. If she were a witch, she would have turned us into frogs already,” reasoned Meg. (2009年江西卷阅读A)
别傻了，Ben，要是她真是女巫，她早施魔法把我们都变成青蛙了。
11. （情态动词和虚拟语气）We may well think that we should go to school due to social custom and parents’ demand rather than to the law. (2009年湖北卷阅读C)
我们可能认为，我们应该去上学由于社会习俗和家长的要求，而不是法律的规定。
12. （情态动词和虚拟语气）Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere, warming the rest of the world.
(2009年安徽卷阅读E)
没有雨林的覆盖，这些地区在大气中将会吸收到更多热量，使剩余的世界温度升高。
13. （情态动词和虚拟语气） Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy. (2012年辽宁卷阅读B) 有些社会科学家建议，西方人应该利用古代中国人的智慧来弥补西方哲学体系当中的不足。
14. （情态动词和虚拟语气）As I got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself. (2012年湖北卷阅读B) 当我长大些时，妈妈帮我解开了这些秘密，要不然的话，它们也就阻止我亲自进行最初的尝试了。
●（情态动词和虚拟语气）Protest groups are insisting that some of our money be given to the third world. 抵制组织坚持要把我们的一部分钱分给第三世界国家。(北师大版M8 U24L1)
●（情态动词和虚拟语气）As a society, it’s high time that we took these issues more seriously. 作为整个社会来讲，我们早应该认真考虑这些问题了。(北师大版M8 U24L1)
●（情态动词和虚拟语气）Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did. 要是李昌不像往常那样到他店里吃饭，那问题一定严重了。（新人教版必修3Unit1P10）
●（情态动词和虚拟语气）Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full of energy and fibre. 也许我们应该把我们的想法综合起来，作出一份富于营养、热量和纤维的平衡食谱。（新人教必修3Unit2P15）
●（情态动词和虚拟语气）By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. But not today! Why was that? What could
have happened? 到了这个时候，他的餐馆本该宾客盈门的，但今天却不是！为什么会这样？发生了什么事？（新人教版必修3Unit1P10）
●（情态动词和虚拟语气）We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship's position on a map. 我们很可能感到奇怪，在经纬度被用来在地图上标出船只位置之前，海员是如何对海洋进行探索的。（新人教必修9Unit2P12）
●（情态动词和虚拟语气）I wish you could see this amazing rock. 真希望你能亲眼看到这块令人惊叹的岩石。（新人教必修9Unit3P23）
●（情态动词和虚拟语气）Their money would be wasted if the message didn't reach its target audience, in other words the people the advertisement intends to persuade. 如果信息不能传达给它的目标群体，也就是广告意图说服的人群的话，那么他们的钱就白花了。（新人教必修9Unit5P42）
●（情态动词和虚拟语气）If well-known people are used in advertisements, they must be honest and truthful about products they advertise. 如果广告中用到名人，那么他们必须对所宣传的产品确保诚信。（新人教必修9Unit5P49）
l I wouldn’t be in this business if it weren’t for him. 要不是因为他我不会干这一行。(2008阅读江苏卷阅读D)
15.
5、定语从句
1. （定语从句）At first, in spite of disliking him, she did not discount his affection, and was sensitive to the pain she was going to cause him when she declined his feelings. (新人教版必修10 Unit5 P47) 起初，虽然不喜欢他，她并没有漠视他的爱，而且还很在意拒绝他的求婚会给他带来的痛苦。
2. （定语从句）Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything, in the present and the past. (新人教版必修7 Unit2 P16) 阿西莫夫不仅有着超凡的想象力，使他能够对未来世界进行探索，而且还有惊人的智力，使他能对现在的和过去的各种事物做出解释。
3. （定语从句）Among his most famous works of science fiction, one for which he won an award was “The Foundation Trilogy” (1951-1953), three stories about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future. (新人教版必修7 Unit2 P16) 在他那些最富盛名的科幻小说中，那本获奖的书叫做《基地三部曲》（1951-1953），书有三个小故事组成，讲的是未来银河系中一个伟大帝国的灭亡与复兴。
4. （定语从句/连词和状语从句）On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation, I heard a huge noise coming from the bay. (新人教版必修7 Unit3 P20) 有天下午我来到捕鲸站，正在整理床铺的时候，听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。
5. （定语从句）She is halfway through the preparation year which most foreign students complete before entering a degree course. (新人教版必修7 Unit5 P38) 大多数外籍学生在进入学位课程学习之前都要学习一年的预科，而她已经读了半年了。
6. (定语从句) On the border of England and Wales, it is full of beauty with high hills, wooded countryside and picturesque towns and villages, all of which makes it an ideal place to visit. (北师大版M7 U20 LA) 在英格兰和威尔士交界处，处处可见高高的丘陵，树林掩映的乡村和风景如画的村镇，所有这些都使得该地成为一个理想的游览地。
7. (定语从句/状语从句) Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic, especially as scientists who studied tissue from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu proved that Bird Flu is a modern adaptation of the same virus. (北师大版M7 U21 L3) 许多人担心它会成为下一个全球性的传染病，特别是在一些科学家研究了死于1918年西班牙大流感的人的尸体组织后，证明了禽流感是同一种病毒的现代变异体。
8. (定语从句/连词和状语从句) He discovered small areas of mist which were in fact galaxies like our own, millions of light years away from us, which proved that the universe was vastly larger than had previously been thought. (北师大版M7 U20 L3) 他发现小的雾区实际上是像我们自己的星系一样的星系，离我们有几百万光年之远，这一发现证明了宇宙比我们以前想象的要大得多。
9. (定语从句) It is a language without words that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body movements that greatly add to --- and sometimes even replace --- spoken language. (北师大版M7 U19 L3) 它是一种没有字词，由手势、面部表情和身体动作组成的语言，它极大地丰富了---有时甚至取代了---口头语言。
10. (定语从句) He was tired of being a person who had everything in a world where many people had nothing. (北师大版M4 U10 L1) 他不想再做在许多人一无所有的情况下自己却拥有一切的那种人。
11. (定语从句) For a start, it can buy you a tree, which will help make soil stay on the land. (北师大版M4 U10 L3) 首先，你可以用五元钱买一棵树，而这棵树可以使泥土不流失。
12. (定语从句) However, instead of showing real, existing structures, he used photographs to make up imaginary structures that best represented the different architectural styles. (北师大版M4 U10 CC) 然而，他并没有展现真实存在的建筑结构，而是用照片聚合成一个想象中的最能代表不同建筑风格的结构图。
13. （定语从句）One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hasn’t traditionally done. (2009年山东卷阅读D) 今年我所做的一件事就是把我的教学内容与当前的经济形势联系起来，而以前通常是不这样做的。
14. （定语从句）The moment came when my uncle and the other soldiers, without any training but all in uniforms, boarded the train. (2009年湖北卷阅读A)
舅和他的战友开拔的时间到了。没有经过任何的训练，穿着统一的制服，他们登上了火车。
15. （定语从句/名词性从句）One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that we’re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. (2009年辽宁卷阅读D)
我们不喜欢读自己著作的一个原因是：当读它的时候，我们往往会感到失望，因为我们脑海中丰富的想法在初稿中却显得苍白无力。
16. （定语从句）As you would expect from such a city, there are restaurants serving food from around the world. (2009年重庆卷阅读D) 正如您对此城市之期望，这儿有诸多餐馆，供给来自世界各地的食物。
17.
（定语从句）Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. (2009年重庆卷阅读B) 然后有个专家说我没有道理要停止训练和比赛。
18. ●（定语从句）According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble. 根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克·雷德因一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。(北师大版M3 U7L1P8)
19. ●（定语从句）Zheng He had over 300 ships, some of which were over 150 meters long and could carry up to 1,000 people. 郑和有300多艘船，其中一些150多米长，能载多达1，000人。(北师大版M3 U7Culture corner)
20. ●（定语从句）Just before he died, aged 70, Marco was asked the question, “Was it all true?”, to which he replied, “I have only told a half of what I saw!” 马可波罗70岁时，在他去世之前，有人问他：“这都是真的吗？”马可波罗回答说，“我只讲了我看到的一半!”(北师大版M3 U8 L3)
21. ●（定语从句）Eric set sail once again, this time with 25 ships, of which only 14 made it to Greenland. 埃里克再次起航，这次带着25艘船，其中只有14艘船成功到达格陵兰。(北师大版M3 U7 L1)
22. ●（定语从句）Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric, but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land, from where he eventually reached Greenland. 比阿尼想加入他的父亲，他的父亲正和埃里克在一起，但是他被吹离了航线，发现自己在一个未知的岛上，从那儿他最终到了格陵兰。(北师大版M3 U7 L1P8)
23. ●（定语从句）As you can see, I did escape. 正如你所看到的，我确实逃了出来。(北师大版M3 U7 L4)
24. ●（定语从句）I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were. 我仍然和圆桶捆在一起，海浪很快把我带到一个地方，其他的渔夫在那儿。(北师大版M3 U7 L4)
25. ●（定语从句）Today, the Xinjiang Autonomous Region remains an international crossroad where traders from surrounding countries, and tourists from all over the world regularly meet. 今天，新疆自治区仍然是国际性的十字路口，从周边国家来的商人，从世界各地来的旅游者常在这里汇合。(北师大版M3 U8 Culture corner)
26. ●（定语从句）The prisoner then wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World, which became one of the best-selling books in Europe. 这个囚犯随后写了一本书《马可· 波罗游记》，这本书在欧洲很快成为畅销书之一。(北师大版M3 U8 L3)
27. ●（定语从句）The Silk Road got its name in the 19th century when a German geographer identified it as the route through which the Romans got their silk from China. 在19世纪，丝绸之路得到了它的名字，当时一位德国地理学家认为罗马人从这条线路从中国买到了丝绸。(北师大版M3 U8 Culture corner)
28. ●（定语从句）Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earth’s temperature that, in turn, leads to climate change. 全球变暖指的是地球温度平均升高，并由此导致气候发生变化。(北师大版M8U22L1)
29. ●（定语从句）This catastrophe is still very fresh in the minds of people worldwide who have not yet got over their separation from loved ones lost in the tsunami. 在世界各地许多人的心目中，那场灾难任然记忆犹新，他们还没有从与海啸中丧生的亲人分离的打击中恢复过来。(北师大版M8 U22L3)
30. ●（定语从句）There are more than 300 active volcanoes, about fifty of which erupt each year, and more than 500 million people now live within the range of a volcanic eruption. 三百多座活火山中有五十座火山每年都要喷发，而五亿多人生活在火山喷发的范围之内。(北师大版M8 U22L3)
31. ●（定语从句）An even greater number of people live at risk, to some degree, from earthquakes which have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years. 从某种程度上说，有跟多的人处在地震的危险中，在过去的几百年间地震已经夺去了160多万人的生命。(北师大版M8 U22L3)
32. ●（定语从句）Together with other villagers they were marched a few hundreds metres into the village square where they were told to sit. 他们和其他村民一起被驱赶了几百米，走进了村里的广场，被命令坐在那里。(北师大版M8 U23L3)
33. ●（定语从句）They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made it easier to keep an eye on people’s movements. 然后他们就可以在各个胡同口设置哨兵，这样更便于监督人们的活动。(北师大版M8 U24L3)
34. ●（定语从句）They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere. 最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。（新人教必修3Unit4P25）
35. ●（定语从句）They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。（新人教必修3Unit4P26）
36. ●（定语从句）In the distance, they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. 远处，他们可以看到糊的南边尼亚加拉大瀑布上方升腾着的雾霭。（新人教必修3Unit5P38）
37. ●（定语从句）India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. 印度在10月2日有个全国性节日，纪念莫汗达斯 ·甘地，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。（新人教版必修3Unit1P2）
38. ●（定语从句）The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. 最富生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天迎来春天的日子。（新人教版必修3Unit1P2）
39. ●（定语从句）Since then, she has never finished lower than fourth in any of the world championships she has competed in. 从那以后，在她所参加的任何一次世界锦标赛中，她从来没有得过低于第四名的成绩。（新人教必修9Unit1P8）
40. ●（定语从句）The earliest, the astrolabe, was a special all-in-one tool for telling the position of the ship in relation to the sun and various stars which covered the whole sky. 最早的是星盘，它是一种特殊的及集多功能于一体的工具，它可以用来表明船只同太阳和不满天空的各种星星之间的相关位置。（新人教必修9Unit2P13）
41. ●（定语从句）Our outward voyage in the "Bounty" to Tahiti had been filled with the kind of incidents that I thought would be my stories when I returned home. 我们乘坐“邦蒂号”出发到塔希提岛这段航程中充满了各种事件，我以为回国后可以讲这些故事。（新人教必修9Unit2P17）
42. ●（定语从句）Australia is famous for its huge, open spaces, bright sunshine, enormous number of sheep and cattle and its unusual wildlife, which include kangaroos and koalas. 澳大利亚以其开阔的疆域、明媚的阳光、数不尽的牛羊和奇特的野生动植物而闻名，其中包括袋鼠和树袋熊。（新人教必修9Unit3P22）
43. ●（定语从句）Australia is a popular destination with tourists from all over the world who come to experience its unique ecology. 澳大利亚是一个受人欢迎的旅游胜地，世界各地的游客来到这里来体验它独特的生态环境。（新人教必修9Unit3P23）
44. ●（定语从句）It is also possible to climb the rock, but most people don't do this out of respect for the Aboriginal people who consider the rock to be sacred. 要爬上这块巨石也是可能的，但大多数人们出于对土著人的尊敬而不这么做，因为他们认为这块岩石是神圣的。（新人教必修9Unit3P23）
45. ●（定语从句）The seas around Australia contain over 160 different kinds of shark, which vary in size from just 20 centimetres to over 14 metres. 在环绕着澳大利亚的海域里有160多种鲨鱼，它们的体长从20厘米到14米不等。（新人教必修9Unit3P27）
46. ●（定语从句）Collecting "exotic" plants, as they are called, dates back to the earliest times. 收集所谓的异国植物要追溯到很久以前。（新人教必修9Unit4P32）
47. ●（定语从句）The first plant collecting expedition recorded in history was around 1500 BC when the Queen of Egypt sent ships away to gather plants, animals and other goods. 历史上有记载的第一次收集植物的探险是在公元前1500年，埃及女王派出船只去收集植物、动物以及其他货物。（新人教必修9Unit4P32）
48. ●（定语从句）Sir Joseph Banks was a very famous British plant collector, who accompanied James Cook on his first voyage from England to Oceania. 约瑟夫·班克斯爵士是一位著名的英国植物收集家，他曾经陪同詹姆斯·库克进行了从英国到大洋洲的首航。（新人教必修9Unit4P32）
49. ●（定语从句）One of the collectors was Father Farges, who collected 37 seeds from a tree that had appealed to him.其中一位叫作法尔热的神父，从他所喜爱的一棵树上收集了37粒种子。 （新人教必修9Unit4P33）
50. ●（定语从句）Even some of the casual garments we wear have brand names attached to them which turn us into walking advertisements. 甚至在我们穿着的休闲服上也印着品牌的名字，这就把我们变成了“移动广告”。（新人教必修9Unit5P42）
51. ●（定语从句）Would really good advertising persuade you to buy products and services you are not interested in or have no use for? 是不是有好的广告会说服你去买你并不感兴趣或对你没有用处的商品或服务呢?（新人教必修9Unit5P43）
52. ●（定语从句）They believe these adverts will affect the way people think about their driving habits and will subsequently reduce the number of road accidents. 他们认为这些广告会让人们认真思考他们的驾驶习惯，从而减少交通事故的数量。（新人教必修9Unit5P43）
53. ●（定语从句）Many countries have laws that forbid ads being shown at inappropriate times or in unsuitable places. 许多国家制定了法律，禁止在不恰当的时间和不适宜的地点播放广告。（新人教必修9Unit5P48）
54. ●（定语从句）There are also laws in most places that prevent advertisers making false statements about their products or from promoting immoral or harmful behaviour. 在许多地方还制定了法律，以防止广告商为它们的产品说假话，或者宣传不道德或有害的行为。（新人教必修9Unit5P48）
55. ●（定语从句）Martin won his third entry in the Guinness Book of World Records in 2002 when he beat his own record for long distance swimming by swimming the length of the Mississippi River in North America in 68 days, a total of 3,797 kilometres. 马丁于2002年第三次进入《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》，这次他打破了自己创下的远距离游泳的世界纪录---在68天内总共游完北美洲密西西比河的3797公里。（新人教必修9Unit1P8）
56. ●（定语从句）Unaware of his intentions, she told him all about the robot that she had been building for the competition. 不了解他的意图，她告诉了他她为竞赛制作的机器人的所有信息。（2008江西卷阅读C）
57. ●（定语从句）Almost every day we come across situations in which we have to make decisions one way or another. 几乎每天我们都遇到这样的情况，我们得已这样或那样的方式来做决定。（2008重庆卷阅读E）
58. ●（定语从句）My children go to a primary school where they are not allowed to play football in the playground for fear that a child might be hurt. 我的孩子上小学，学校不允许他们在校踢足球，唯恐他们受伤。 （2008上海卷阅读A）
59. ●（定语从句）Researchers from the University of Iowa based their findings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the association between sunscreen use and melanoma (黑素瘤). the University of Iowa研究人员把他们的发现建立在18项早期的研究上，这些研究看到了防晒霜的使用和黑素瘤的联系。（2008福建卷阅读E）
60. ●（定语从句）I just try to treat my passengers the way I would want my mother treated. 我想让别人怎么对待我的妈妈，我就怎么对待我的乘客。（2008北京卷阅读A）
61. ●（定语从句）Parents who find older children bullying younger brothers and sisters might do well to replace shouting and punishment by rewarding and paying more attention to the injured ones. 父母看到较大的孩子欺凌弟弟或妹妹，可以通过奖赏或更关注受伤的小孩而不是指着或惩罚（较大的孩子）而达到很好的效果。 (2008湖北卷阅读B)
62. ●（定语从句）This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be re-stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts. 在学者和作家中也能发现这一过程：一个作家陈述的观点可能被另一个作家作为事实重新陈述，这个作家也会被另一个作家引用；这个过程也许会继续下去，直到有人想去质疑最初的作家的观点所依据的事实，或者挑战他对这些事实所做出的解释。(2008天津卷阅读D)
63. ●（定语从句）In recent years, IP rights have been the focus of a great deal of discussion because of a technology which looks set to weaken them altogether; the Internet. 最近，由于一项科技削弱了知识产权，知识产权已经成了很多讨论的焦点。(2008江西卷阅读D)
64. ●（定语从句）A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900. 10年的内战开始了，这使人口从1，400降到了900。2012山东卷阅读A
65. Before the bridge was built, squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office building where office staff put out a nutty feast for the squirrels. 在大桥建成之前，松鼠不得不避开出入公园广场办公楼的车辆，工作人员提出在办公楼给松鼠一个坚果盛宴。2012山东卷阅读C
66. ●（定语从句）The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment. 我在诺丁汉参观的学校有经验丰富的员工致力于给我们的孩子一个具有爱心和激励的学习环境。2012福建卷阅读E
67. Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted（预测）in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.以应对气候变化植物开花周期比科学家预想的要缩短，这可能对食物链与生态系统造成长期的灾难性的影响。2012四川卷阅读E
68. So far, efforts to cut emissions（排放）of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century — a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels. 到目前为止，人类在温室气体减排方面付出的努力还不足以阻止地球在本世纪升温超过2℃——科学家说这个度数将带来多变的气候，极端天气将是常见的，导致干旱、洪水、作物歉收和海平面上升。2012四川卷阅读E
69. In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are. 在每一个时刻，每一种情况下，通过设定一个明确的转变牺牲品的意图，通过邀请你的强有力的创造者进入你的生活，你可以选择更充实、更丰富的生命。2012天津卷阅读D
70.
71.
定语从句
l (定语从句) You don’t need to be Einstein to predict the job areas which will be most affected by such change. (北师大版M5 Unit 14 Lesson 4 Job Trends)
即使你不是爱因斯坦，也能推测出哪些工作领域受这些变化的影响最大。
l （定语从句） All this means that companies will require people who are flexible and can work on their own. (北师大版M5 Unit 14 Lesson 4 Job Trends))
所有这些都意味着公司需要的将是富有灵活性和能够独立工作的员工。
l （定语从句） I am writing to apply for a position at Student Post, which I saw advertised in the school newspaper last week. (北师大版M5 Unit 14 Communication Workshop)
我写信是要申请学生邮报的一个职位，我是上周在学校报纸上看到的这则广告。
l （定语从句） I would like to learn more bout things that are going on in the city as I feel that it is important to know about the city we live in. (北师大版M5 Unit 14 Communication Workshop)
我想更多的了解这个城市发生的事情因为我觉得了解我们所在的城市是很重要的。
l （定语从句） In addition, I am also a good photographer, which might be useful for some of the articles. (北师大版M5 Unit 14 Communication Workshop)
此外，我还是个好的摄影师，这有可能对有些文章有帮助。
l （定语从句） I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet and I really enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered. (北师大版M 5 Unit 15 lesson 1 Life-long Learning)
我让我的孙子教我怎样收发电子邮件和使用互联网，我真的很喜欢信息的传送和回复速度。
l （定语从句） At that time, people believed more in religion than in facts and people like Galilei, who proved scientific ideas such as “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”, were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence. (北师大版M5 Unit 15 Lesson 4 Understanding)
那时，人们更多的相信宗教，而不是实事。像伽利略这样证明了例如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常被教会惩罚。
l （定语从句） So much of our knowledge and understanding of the world today is due to people like Bacon and Galilei, who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilization is built upon . (北师大版M5 Unit 15 Lesson 4 Understanding)
我们今天对世界拥有这么多的知识和理解，是因为有培根和伽利略这样的人，为了发现建造今天文明的知识王国，他们勇敢的从传统思想的阴影中走出。
l （定语从句） The bodies of people who had died in Pompeii left impressions in the ash that showed their exact shapes. (北师大版M6 Unit 16 Lesson 1 Stories from History )
这些在庞培城市中遇难的人的身体在火山灰中留下了遇难时的确切痕迹。
l （定语从句） The humour is always made clear through a series of simple and funny acts that rely purely on body language, which is universal. (M6 Unit 17 lesson 3 My Favourite Comedy )
他的幽默总是通过一些列简单而滑稽的动作清楚地表现出来，纯粹以来肢体语言这一通用语言。
l （定语从句） This might explain his interest in fast cars, of which he has a vast collection. (北师大版M6 Unit 17 lesson 3 My Favourite Comedy )
这也许能够解释他对跑车的兴趣，罗恩收集了很多跑车。
l （定语从句） Although his teachers predicted a career in acting, Rowan was not convinced himself, until he met a group of talented people at university, who were involved in theatre, and he realized this could a career for him. (北师大版M6 Unit 17 lesson 3 My Favourite Comedy )
虽然他的老师预言他将来从事表演事业，但是罗恩自己并没有信服，直到在大学遇到一群从事剧院工作的天才人物，他才意识到表演可能是他的事业。
l （定语从句） With the influence of history, society and culture, there are no precise criteria which can be used to judge what is beautiful. (北师大版M6 Unit 18 Lesson 1 What Is Beauty ?)
受历史、社会和文化的影响，没有精确的衡量标准用来判断什么是美。
l （定语从句） “Beauty and the Beast” conveys a message that should be evident to all of us ---you shouldn’t judge a book by its cover. (北师大版M6 Unit 18 Communication Workshop )
《美女与野兽》这个神话故事说明了一个我们大家都应该很明白的道理---不应以貌取人。
l （定语从句） Mr. Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn’t freeze. (2011全国卷I 阅读A)
Basille 先生甚至有我们家的钥匙，以便在外面冷的时候能够把箱子放在室内，这样牛奶就不会冻结。
l （定语从句） They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy, have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. (2011全国卷I 阅读D)
越来越多的美国人迫于较高的生活开支和衰退的经济，首次开始种植蔬菜， 他们是其中之一。
l （定语从句） The walls that were once ugly with graffiti (涂鸦)are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the Mural Arts Program (MAP). (2011年全国卷II 阅读A)
幸亏有了壁画艺术计划，原先丑陋的涂鸦现今被美丽的历史英雄图画和现代艺术所覆盖。
l （定语从句） One of those bad life’s experiences for Shelley happened three years ago when her brother Brad was killed in a drunk driving accident. (2011年全国卷II 阅读E)
谢莉不幸的一次生活经历发生在3年前，当时他的弟弟布拉德在一次醉酒驾车的意外中死亡。
l （定语从句/表语从句） The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas. (2011年北京卷 阅读C )
我让学生远离科技的真正原因是我认为很少有我们能进行深入谈话和真正探讨复杂想法的场所.
l （定语从句） Despite this love of technology, I know that there are times when I need to move away from these devices and truly communicate with others. (2011年北京卷 阅读C )
尽管喜爱科技, 我知道有些时候我需要远离这些设备,真正的和其他人交流.
l （定语从句） In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕榈油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. (2011广东卷 阅读D )
此外, 我们也能看到全球市场上可持续产品的增多, 比如棕榈油, 它的生产不需要砍伐珍贵的雨林.
l （定语从句） During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. (2011年安徽卷 阅读B)
在二十世纪七十年代，人们开始关注用煤和汽油燃烧发电所造成的污染。
l （定语从句） Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace. (2011年安徽卷 阅读D )
城市的生活不同于乡村的生活，在那儿一切进行的平静而缓慢。
l （定语从句） We have to know a little bit of our history and geography, because we need to have an environment in which to relate to the people around us. ( 2011年安徽卷 任务型读写)
我们要了解一点我们的历史和地理，因为我们需要有一个环境去了解我们周围的人。
l （定语从句） It is a network of offices, some of which provide food and houses for the homeless population, and some of which fight for the passing of laws that would give every American the fight to a place to call home. (2011年辽宁卷 阅读D)
该组织是办公联网，一些旨在为无家可归的人提供食物和住处，一些是要为每个美国人争取获得房屋的权利。
l （定语从句） Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. (2011年重庆卷 阅读E)
他们中有些人拒绝承认人类活动对环境的严重威胁，并且厌烦与他们的观点有分歧的人。
l (定语从句) In fact, it works the other way around: People who have a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge。(2012年江苏卷 任务型阅读)。
事实上， 以相反的方式， 这仍然起作用：面对挑战， 有积极想法的人会表现的更好。
l (定语从句) Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit? (2012年浙江卷 阅读C)
鉴于事实情况确实如此，那么我们为什么不像教学生算数学、开车或者保持健康那样来教育学生应对同学间的冲突和摩擦呢？
l (定语从句) It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make. (人教版M2 Unit 1 In Search of the Amber Room)
它也是用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品，一批国家最优秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才把他完成。
l (定语从句) However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. (人教版M2 Unit 1 In Search of the Amber Room)
然而，下一位普鲁士国王，腓特烈·威廉一世，这个琥珀午的主人却决定不要它了。
l (定语从句) Please take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater. (人教版M2 Unit 4 How Daisy Learned To Help Wildlife )
请带我到遥远的地方，在那里我可以发现为制作这件毛衣而提供毛绒的那种动物。
l (定语从句) You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together. (人教版M2 Unit 4 How Daisy Learned To Help Wildlife )
你们应该多加关注我生活的热带雨林，并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。
l (定语从句) Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music ? (人教版 M2 Unit 5 The Band That Wasn’t )
你是否曾经想过在音乐会上面对成千上万的观众演唱，观众欣赏您的歌声为你鼓掌吗！
l (定语从句) Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash. (人教版 M2 Unit 5 The Band That Wasn’t )
后来，他们可能在酒吧或者俱乐部里演出，这样他们可以得到现金。
l (定语从句) The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. (人教版 M2 Unit 5 The Band That Wasn’t )
组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗笑，这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。
l (定语从句) They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band. (人教版 M2 Unit 5 The Band That Wasn’t )
在1996年，他们推出了一张新的专辑，以此来庆祝他们真正成为乐队以来的那段时光。
l (定语从句) But as soon as the programme was over, the telephone which were in the same room started ringing. (人教版 M2 Unit 5 Freddy The Frog )
而节目一完，这个房间里的电话铃声就开始响起来了。
l (定语从句) Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who didn’t know them but talked as if they were close friends. (人教版 M2 Unit 5 Freddy The Frog )
一些不认识他们的人也在不断的讨论他们的私生活，而且就像是他们的密友一样在谈论他们。
l (定语从句) So they left Britain, to which they were never to return, and went back to the lake. (人教版 M2 Unit 5 Freddy The Frog )
因此，他们离开了英国，从此再也没有回去，又重新回到湖里去了。
l (定语从句) Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the impressionists who lived and worked in Paris. (人教版 M6 Unit 1 A Short History of Western Painting)
在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。
l (定语从句) Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the crater that had been formed during the eruption. (人教版 M 6 Unit 5 An Exciting Job )
我和另外两位科学家驱车上山, 到最靠近这次火山喷口的地方才下车.
l (定语从句) Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men , whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the native. (人教版 M 8 Unit 1 A Land Of Diversity )
在首批移居加利福尼亚的西班牙人中，大部分是来向土著人传授天主教的宗教人士。
l (定语从句) The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people’s hearts. (人教版 Unit 2 The Return Of The Dinosaurs? )
在《侏罗纪公园》这部电影中，有一位科学家克隆了好几种不同的绝种恐龙，这部电影很受欢迎，证明普通老百姓对这个问题是多么感兴趣。
l (定语从句) Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them. ( 人教版 M 8 Unit 3 The Problem Of The Snakes )
这回我有机会来表现一下自己了, 我要发明某种东西, 既可以把蛇抓住, 而又不会伤害它们.
l (定语从句) Between the outside and inside walls of the bowel, there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled. ( 人教版 M 8 Unit 3 The Problem Of The Snakes )
在碗的内壁和外壁都抹上果冻, 这些果冻冷却后会冻结.
72.
73.
6、名词性从句
1. （名词性从句）The danger of what lay ahead of them, the chances of them ever turning to find us, the fear that we might never know their fate and possible delays, at first made us feel low and discouraged. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P9) 起初，他们将面临的危险、回来寻找我们的机会、以及害怕再也无从知晓他们的命运和可能的耽搁，都使我们情绪低落、沮丧不已。
2. （名词性从句）What excitement! Serena came home to say that the news that the boycott was over was going to be all over the newspapers tomorrow. (新人教版必修10 Unit3 P23) 太让人激动了！塞丽娜回家说，结束抵制的消息明天将会登上所有的报纸。
3. （名词性从句）I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. (新人教版必修10 Unit3 P28) 我有一个梦想，那就是有一天在佐治亚州的红色山岗上，昔日奴隶的儿子将和昔日奴隶主的儿子同席而坐，共叙兄弟情谊。
4. （名词性从句）Encouraged by a Supreme Court decision that public education must be mixed nationwide, the leaders went to court to argue against separation on buses. (新人教版必修10 Unit3 P23)
5. （名词性从句）Just accept them for who they are and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do. (新人教版必修7 Unit1 P3) 接受他们，给予他们鼓励，让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。
6. （定语从句/名词性从句）Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to the kids, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8. (新人教版必修7 Unit4 P29) 有时候我真的不知道，化学和这些孩子究竟有多大的联系，他们当中的大多数学完八年级以后就要回到他们的村子里去了。
7. （名词性从句）She told him how she and her home weren’t elegant enough for someone like Larry who wanted to improve his social position. (新人教版必修7 Unit2 P11) 她告诉托尼,对于像拉里这样很想提高社会地位的人来说，她不够漂亮，她的家也不够高雅。
8. （名词性从句）Then in my essay, I had to give my own opinions and explain why I believed what I did by referring to other authors. (新人教版必修7 Unit5 P38) 然后在我的论文中，我得表明我自己的观点，并且通过引用别的作者的观点来说明为什么我相信我自己的观点。
9. (名词性从句) Their belief is that this is the only way for many of these nations to escape their painful pasts. (北师大版M4 U11 L1) 他们坚信这是使许多非洲国家摆脱痛苦的过去的唯一出路。
10. (名词性从句/非谓语动词) With all the international effort being made, we have to have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks. (北师大版M7 U21 L3) 随着国际间的共同努力，我们应该相信人们会及时找到解决方案来彻底消灭禽流感。
11. (名词性从句) I agree with the decision of the courts and medical institutions in the United States, that in the case of long-term coma states, close family members should be allowed to take their loved one off life support machines. (北师大版M7 U21 CW) 我赞成美国法院和医疗机构的决定，就长期昏迷状态而言，近亲家属应该获准让他们挚爱的人脱离生命供养机。
12. (名词性从句/状语从句) As studies continue to prove Traditional Chinese Medicine’s worth, especially in helping patients with cancer and AIDS, it becomes more and more obvious that Western Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine complement each other. (北师大版M7 U21 CC) 随着研究继续证明传统中医药学的价值，尤其是在帮助病人治疗癌症和艾滋病方面，越来越明显的是西医和中医可以互补。
13. (名词性从句/状语从句) It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades. (北师大版M7 U19 L1) 早在十八世纪人们就预言英语有一天会成为全球性语言，而这一预言也已得到了证实。
14. (名词性从句) What this means is that they make sure there is an adequate of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums. (北师大版M7 U19 L1) 这意味着要确保通过不同的媒介向学生传达足够量的外语输入信息。
15. (名词性从句) Regardless of these differences, experts agree that across the globe there is one form of body language that receives universal approval --- the smile. (北师大版M7 U19 L3) 尽管有这些不同，专家们一致认为有一种身体语言在全世界都得到认可---微笑。
16. (名词性从句/非谓语动词/动词的时态和语态) The numbers of Galapagos tortoises are said to have begun their decline when it was realized that they could supply excellent fresh meat for passenger ships, because they were known to be able to survive for six months without food and water. (北师大版M7 U19 LA4) 据说当人们意识到加拉帕格斯海龟能够给过往的船只提供鲜美的肉食时，他们的数量就开始下降了，因为人们知道这些海龟能够不吃不喝生存六个月之久。
17. （名词性从句）Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. (2009年北京卷阅读C) 设计师很久以前觉察到，对所居住空间的感觉可以影响我们的思维、情感和行为。
18. （名词性从句/定语从句）Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference. (2009年重庆卷阅读E) 科学进步如此之快，受商业影响如此之深，以至于会让我们认为，可能无论我们做出何种决定都没有什么作用。
19.
（名词性从句）It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests. (2009年安徽卷阅读E) 极有可能我们最大治愈疾病的机会在世界上日益缩小的雨林之中了。
20. （名词性从句）However, it seems as though Byron did manage to pass the time pleasantly enough. (2012年湖南卷阅读B) 然而，看上去Byron似乎是相当惬意地成功度过了这段时间。
21. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. 他们相信他们与每一个神圣的时刻的舞蹈是生命的一个礼物，风暴是生活中很自然的一部分，它为情感和心灵的成长带来雨水的滋润。2012天津卷阅读D
22. In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. 在最近的一个研究中，贝尔宁格了解了拼写在一个学生的写作技巧中扮演什么角色，发现孩子拼写的好坏与写作的好坏是有联系的。2012天津卷阅读C
23. I felt a little hope that I might actually become a published writer and, after signing with an agent, I finished the second half of the novel. 我感到有点希望我实际上可能成为出版作家，在和一个代理上签约后，我完成了小说的另一半。2012四川卷阅读C
24. In a recent announcement, Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide. 在最近的一份声明中，哈佛大学和麻省理工学院说，为了吸引全世界数百万的在线学习者，他们联手提供免费的在线课程。2012四川卷阅读D
25. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! 当我搜索这个家伙的名字，很明显，有两个看起来完全不同的人有相同的名字！ 2012北京卷阅读B
26. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. 在我看来，挑战之一是这两种情况下需要在精神价值的问题上更加直接。2012北京卷阅读D
27. ●（名词性从句）Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV. 不用起床来检查是否完成洗衣，用户可以在看电视时用手机来操控。2012山东卷阅读D
28. ●（名词性从句）She had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! 她不知道它将是多大的成功，但三年后,这个网站在美国是最成功的青少年网站! 2012山东卷阅读表达
29. ●（名词性从句）Some people believe that a Robin Hood is at work, others that a wealthy person simply wants to distribute his or her fortune before dying. 有些人相信这是罗宾汉式的人做的，而另外一些人则认为只不过是一个富有的人想在死前分发他/她的财富。2012福建卷阅读A
30. ●（名词性从句）Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do —enable laziness. 但是，也许他们可能真的实现的是所有的好技术要实现的---使人们能偷懒。2012山东卷阅读D
31. ●（名词性从句）Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物）for neuroscience of what Einstein's theory of relativity was for physics. 实际上，它对于神经学的价值就相当于相对论对于物理学的价值。2012福建卷阅读D
32. ●（名词性从句）In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. 1879年，英国牛津大学让教授詹姆斯·莫里担任主编，编撰当时英语语言史上最雄心勃勃的字典。2012山东卷阅读B
33. ●（名词性从句）Leif followed Biarni’s directions and sailed to what is believed to be the coast of present-day Canada. 利夫跟随比阿尼的方向，航行到了被认为是现在的加拿大的海岸的地方。(北师大版M3 U7 L1)
34. ●（名词性从句）Over the last 100 years, the global average temperature has increased by 1°F and many experts insist that the blame for this global warming can mostly be pinned on human activities. 在过去的100年中，全球平均温度上升了1华氏度， 许多专家坚信这种全球变暖主要有由于人类活动造成的。(北师大版M8 U22L1)
35. ●（名词性从句）People in agricultural areas, without any means to earn their living, move to the cities, and then construct shabby homes from whatever materials they can find on poor clay soil. 农业地区的人口因为没有办法谋生而流向城市，他们在贫瘠的土地上用可以找到的任何材料搭建起破烂的房屋。(北师大版M8 U22L3)
36. ●（名词性从句）One of their men, speaking in English, remarked that he had worked in England for some years and that he was fed up to the neck with this war would be glad when it was over. 他们有个人说英语，提到了他在英国工作过几年，他说他对这场该死的战争早就烦透了，如果战争结束他会非常高兴。(北师大版M8 U23L3)
37. ●（名词性从句）When he was waking up after the surgeon had finished putting bandages on what was left of his legs, he whispered: “Don’t you remember me, ma’am?” 在医生用绷带包扎好他剩余的残肢后，他醒了过来，低声说：“你还记得我吗，大姐？”(北师大版M8 U23L3)
38. ●（名词性从句）A handful of fire fighters came, but nobody dared to go near the plane because it was on fire and we couldn’t find out if it still had its bombs tanks full of petrol. 几个消防队员赶到了，但由于飞机还在着火，我们又无法确定上面是否仍有炸弹，是否还装满了油，所以没人敢靠近他。(北师大版M8 U23L3)
39. ●（名词性从句）Sometimes we try to deposit a little or change our money into different countries’ currencies in the hope that we can make even more money. 有时我们会储蓄一些钱或将钱兑换成不同国家的货币，希望能够赚取更多的钱。(北师大版M8 U24L1)
40. ●（名词性从句）The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance. I went to the American embassy to seek help, but ... 事实上，我靠做义工来顶替船费，这就是我为什么衣冠不整的原因了。我上美国大使馆求助，但是……（新人教必修3Unit3P18）
41. ●（名词性从句）We know you're hard-working. That's why we've given you the letter. James, show Mr Adams out. 我们知道你工作是很卖力的，这正是我们给你这封信的原因。（新人教必修3Unit3P18）
42. Well, I did hear that the Bank of England had issued two notes in this amount ... Anyway, I don't think it can be a fake. 嗯，我确实听说过英格兰银行发行了两张这样面值的钞票……不管怎样，我觉得这不可能是假钞。（新人教必修3Unit3P22）
43. ●（名词性从句）The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球（开始）变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。（新人教必修3Unit4P25）
44. ●（名词性从句）What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球得以吧有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。（新人教必修3Unit4P26）
45. ●（名词性从句）Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. 他们为什么会突然灭绝至今仍是个谜。恐龙的灭绝使地球上哺乳动物的产生有了可能。（新人教必修3Unit4P26）
46. ●（名词性从句）So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. 所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。（新人教必修3Unit4P26）
47. ●（名词性从句）The girls told him they were on a train trip across Canada and that they had only one day in Montreal.姑娘们告诉他，她们是坐火车来旅游的，要横穿加拿大，在蒙特利尔只待一天。（新人教必修3Unit5P38）
48. ●（名词性从句）It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave-he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV-just what Li Fang needed! 很明显，咖啡馆里的经理在等李方离开---他擦好桌子，然后坐下来，打开电视机。（新人教版必修3Unit1P7）
49. ●（名词性从句）Nobody knew that the earth moved westwards 15 degrees every hour, but sailors did know an approximate method of calculating longitude using speed and time. 以前没有人知道地球每小时向西移15度，然而海员们确实知道用速度和时间来计算经度的近似标准的方法。（新人教必修9Unit2P13）
50. ●（名词性从句）All the time the captain tried to preserve our good spirits by telling stories and talking hopefully about what we would do when we got back to England. 船长一直试图让我们保持良好的精神状态，他给我们讲故事，并且满怀希望地同我们谈论回到英国后所要做的事。（新人教必修9Unit2P18）
51. ●（名词性从句）We could foresee that we would die if we could not reach land very soon and we sank gradually into a sleepy, half-alive state. 可以预见到，如果不能很快地靠岸登陆，我们必死无疑，逐渐地，我们陷入一种昏昏欲睡、奄奄一息的状态。（新人教必修9Unit2P18）
52. ●（名词性从句）However, European botanists were very excited with the knowledge that China had a vast variety of plants, so many plant collectors were sent on collecting trips to China. 然而欧洲植物学家知道中国有着品种繁多的植物，并为此感到兴奋不已。因此许多植物收集人员被派去中国进行采集工作。（新人教必修9Unit4P33）
53. ●（名词性从句）Do you know how many advertisements you are exposed to in your daily life? 你知道你在日常生活中要面对多少广告吗？（新人教必修9Unit5P42）
54. ●（名词性从句）As well as worrying about the expense, advertisers must also consider which media are most appropriate for their product and which their target audience is most likely to see or hear. 正如担心费用一样，广告客户还必须考虑哪种媒体最适合他们的产，并且他们的目标群体最愿意收看或收听哪种媒体。（新人教必修9Unit5P43）
55. ●（名词性从句）This is why governments all over the world pay a lot of money for ads on such things as road safety. 这就是为什么世界各地的政府会花大量的金钱来制作诸如道路安全之类的广告。（新人教必修9Unit5P43）
56. ●（名词性从句）Despite the fact that it has never been seen almost everyone is familiar with the legendary unicorn(独角兽), descriptions of unicorns have been found dating from ancient times. 尽管从来没有人见过它，几乎每个人都熟悉这种传奇般的独角兽，有关独角兽的描述可以追溯到古代。(2008江西卷阅读A)
57. ●（名词性从句）It occurred to me that by completing my grandmother’s quilt, my mother was honoring her own mother. 我想到通过完成我外祖母的被子，我的母亲是在纪念她自己的母亲。(2008重庆卷阅读A)
58. ●（名词性从句）It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. 很可能你正体验一种负面的自我形象因为你你太在意你所看到的自己的一个缺陷或者弱点。(2008广东卷阅读B)
59. ●（名词性从句）“Praising attributes(品质) or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you because you have that quality, and it devalues effort, so children are afraid to take on challenges, ” says Dweck, now at Stanford University, “They figure they’d better quit while they’re ahead.” “表演个人品质或能力有一种错误的承诺：因为你有那种素质，你就会成功。这低估了努力，因此孩子们害怕承担挑战，”斯坦福大学的Dweck 说，“他们会想趁着在前面最好放弃。”(2008福建卷阅读B)
60. ●（名词性从句）These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills, while more women speech skills. 大脑的不同也解释了这个事实：更多男性承担需要良好的空间技能的工作，而女性承担需要语言技巧的工作。(2008陕西卷阅读E)
61. ●（名词性从句）Consider another fact that bottled water is surprisingly expensive, especially when compared with the alternative, which is almost free, and it is astonishing that America’s desire for bottled water seems impossible to satisfy, reaching nearly 30 billion bottles a year. 考虑另外一个事实：瓶装水出乎意料地贵，尤其是和另一种几乎是免费的选择相比，美国人对瓶装谁的需求似乎是不可能满足的，每年几乎达到300亿瓶，这是令人吃惊的。(2008湖北卷阅读E)
62. ●（名词性从句）We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that we really were rather big to be up in a tree. 我们爬上一棵树，突然我们三个同时想到爬在树上玩，我们已经显得太大了。(2008天津卷阅读E)
63. ●（名词性从句）“We convinced ourselves to open a second store. We figured we could tell the public, ‘We are so successful, we are opening a second store.’”我们说服自己开了另一家店。我们认为我们能告诉公众：我们很成功，我们又开了一间店。 (2008山东卷阅读C)
64. ●（名词性从句）But our friendship was based on the idea in each of us that we would be sorry later if we did not explore this great city because we had felt bad at the time. 我们的友谊建立在我们每个人都有的一种观念上：如果因为我们当时感觉不好就不去探索这个了不起的城市，我们以后会后悔。(2008北京卷阅读D)
65. ●（名词性从句）The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin cancer--- people with fair skin and freckles (雀斑), for example--- are more likely to use sunscreen. As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often. 研究人员说早期的研究有一些问题，其中一个是他们没能考虑到有皮肤癌危险的人---皮肤白皙且有雀斑的人---更可能使用防晒霜。因此，好像使用防晒霜的人更经常得皮肤癌。(2008福建卷阅读E)
66.
名词性从句
l (名词性从句) Even if they never see their results, they feel that their IQ is what determines how well they are going to do in life. (北师大版M5 Unit 13 lesson 1 EQ:IQ)
即使永远看不到自己的测验结果, 他们仍然感觉到自己的智商决定了将来在生活中的发展状况.
l (名词性从句) When they see other students doing better than them, they usually believe that those students have a higher IQ and that there is nothing they can do to change facts. (北师大版M5 Unit 13 lesson 1 EQ:IQ)
当看到别的学生比自己做得好时,他们通常相信那些学生有较高的智商, 而自己无法改变事实.
l (名词性从句) It is generally believed that people with high EQ are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life. (北师大版M5 Unit 13 lesson 1 EQ:IQ)
人们通常认为高情商的人善于接受新观点, 对生活持有积极的态度.
l (名词性从句) There is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations. (北师大版M5 Unit 13 lesson 1 EQ:IQ)
毫无疑问的是低情商的人经常在与别人相处和处理困难形势时有问题。
l （名词性从句） The fact that it might be possible to raise EQs means that schools need to make sure that their students are receiving the education they really need, and know that their futures are not entirely determined by their IQs. (北师大版M5 Unit 13 lesson 1 EQ:IQ)
情商是可以提高的这一事实意味着学校需要保证学生接受他们真正需要的教育,并且知道他们的未来不全是由智商决定的.
l (名词性从句) I asked her how she had achieved success and she told me that being curious, working hard, and believing in what was true made her the success she is today. (北师大版M5 Unit 14 lesson 3 Nine to Five)
我问她是怎样获得成功的，她告诉我是好奇心、努力工作和忠于事实的原则使她成为今日的成功者。
l (名词性从句) She said she chose to be a journalist because it is important that people grasp what is going on around them. (北师大版M5 Unit 14 lesson 3 Nine to Five)
她说选择做记者是因为人们了解周围发生的事是很重要的。
l (名词性从句) That is when I realized the importance of being a journalist. (北师大版M5 Unit 14 lesson 3 Nine to Five)
就是在那时我意识到了新闻记者的重要。
l (名词性从句) I asked Junyan what she liked most about her job and she said that although there wasn’t much glory in a reporter’s existence, she found it interesting and challenging. (北师大版M5 Unit 14 lesson 3 Nine to Five)
我问君燕她最喜欢记者生涯的哪些方面，她说作为记者虽然没有很大的荣耀，但很有趣，很有挑战性。
l (名词性从句) The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn. (北师大版M5 Unit 15 Lesson 3 Teachers)
作为老师，你可以在孩子们心灵顿开，渴望学习时进入他们的思想。
l (名词性从句) I suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well but it still brought a lump to my throat and made me want to cry. (北师大版M 5 Unit 15 lesson 1 Life-long Learning)
我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营的不是很好，但这仍然使我喉头哽咽，我想哭。
l (名词性从句) Throughout the twentieth century, advertising agencies promoted consumerism (消费主义) as a way of life, spreading the belief that people could be happy only if they bought the “right” products. (2011全国卷I 阅读B)
在20世纪，广告代理商把消费主义推广为一种生活方式，传播只有买合适的产品人们才会快乐的看法。
l (名词性从句) Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, its own reflected image (反射出的影像). （2011年全国卷II 阅读B）
意识可以通过研究动物是否能在镜子中认出自己得以测试，也就是说，它自己反射出的影像。
l (名词性从句) People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持续的) ways. (2011年广东卷 阅读D )
如今, 人们意识到这种不健康的局面必须改变, 我们必须以一种可以持续的方式发展.
l （名词性从句） The good news , however, is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted. (2011年山东卷 阅读 C)
然而, 好的消息是联邦政府的贷款占学生借款的四分之三,, 而且政府说借款不会中断.
l (名词性从句) The problem with his argument in the book is that it’s not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. (2011年浙江卷 阅读A)
在书中，他争论的问题是尚不清楚他为何只集中在数字技术上，尽管还可能存在许多其他可能的起因。
l (名词性从句) With so many years of experience, the festival has become a well-oiled machine, and does whatever it can to make attendees feel as comfortable as poshssible. (2011福建卷 阅读B)
有这么多年的经验，这个节日运转良好，能够尽其所能得让出席者感到舒适。
l (名词性从句) It always struck me that when you’re looking at a big challenge from the outside it looks huge, but when you’re in the midst of it, it just seems normal. （2011年天津卷 阅读B）
我总是想当你从外面看一个大的挑战时，它看起来巨大，但当你身处其中时，挑战看起来就一般了。
l (名词性从句) There’s evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better. (2011年辽宁卷 七选五阅读)
有证据表明生活中有目标的人或有长期或短期目标的人似乎会更好一些。
l (名词性从句) A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的) species. (2011年湖南卷 阅读C)
最近，一份对古代和现代大象的研究得出一个让人意向不到的结论，认为非洲的大象可以划分为两种不同的种类。
l (名词性从句) Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants’ significant size differences. (2011年湖南卷 阅读C)
在此之前，许多自然主义者认为非洲的稀树草原象和非洲的森林大象是同一物种的两个群体，尽管这些象的大小截然不同。
l At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food distribution and politics. (2011年陕西卷 阅读D)
与此同时，《世界饥荒：十二个神话》一书的作者们认为世界上的粮食事实上是足够的，粮食危机不是产量问题而是食物分配和政治问题。
l (名词性从句/定语从句) Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways out are available, among which “green farming” is supposed to be the first choice. (2011年陕西卷 阅读D)
另一份世界银行的报告断定面对世界贫困和饥饿，转基因作物用处不大，因为有了更好的方法，其中绿色种植被认为是首选。
l (名词性从句) Howard’s idea was that a group of people should set up a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside, far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price. (2011年江西卷 阅读C)
霍华德的想法是一群人应建立一个公司，借钱在萧条的农村建立一个花园城市， 这个城市要远离现有的城市以确保以最低的价格购买土地。
l (名词性从句) By the time I arrived at the ward, my consultant was already there, explaining that we still had to run lots of tests and that it was by no means confirmed that he had cancer. (2011年湖北卷 阅读A)
当我到病房时，我的会诊医生已经到了，他解释到我们仍然要进行许多检查，这决不能证明他患了癌症。
l (名词性从句) But I did learn that when someone is stressed and worried about their loved one they’re sometimes selective in what they hear—and as a doctor it’s important to be mindful of this. ( 2011年湖北卷 阅读A)
我确实明白当一个人因自己心爱的人而紧张焦虑时，有时他们对于所听到的东西很挑剔，作为医生考虑到这一点是很重要的。
l (名词性从句) Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice. （2011年上海卷 阅读C）
你目前要求所有从地下挖的考古的人类遗址都应重新埋葬，不管是在规定的两年或是特殊延期，这有背于考古学、科学研究及博物馆的基本原则。
l （名词性从句） There is an argument that with spreading access to the internet and cheap technology for recording sound and images we will all be able to find exactly the information we want. (2011年上海卷 七选五)
有一种论点认为随着网络的普及以及录音录像技术成本的降低，我们将能够准确的找到我们想要的信息。
l （名词性从句） This month's survey shows people worldwide have a natural understanding of what they would need most if left alone on a desert island. (2012年江苏卷 阅读A)
本月的调查表明世界各地的人都明白他们最需要什么， 如果被单独留在一个孤岛上。
l （名词性从句）My partner should be there to listen to me complain about the fact that we are left alone on an island—probably due to some error he made. (2012年江苏卷 阅读A)
我的搭档会在那儿听我抱怨我们被独自留在孤岛上这件事===很可能由于他犯了某个错误。
l （名词性从句） Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露）to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风）within as little as a few hours after exposure. (2012年陕西卷 阅读B)
先前的研究总是把环境污染与增加心脏病的风险联系在一起， 但是两项分析表明接触仅几个小时差的空气质量会导致心脏病或中风。
l （名词性从句）In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. (2012年上海卷 阅读C)
就日常行为而言， 研究发现在感到有压力时，女性比男性更有可能去寻找社交帮助。
l (名词性从句) I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. (人教版M2 Unit 2 An Interview )
我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”。我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。
l (名词性从句) I an now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race ! (人教版M2 Unit 3 Who Am I ? )
现在我充满了幸福感，因为我是人类忠实的朋友并时时给他们提供帮助。
l (名词性从句) After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what I’m all about ! (人教版 M2 Unit3 Andy—The Android )
不管怎样，在我过目不忘的电子脑的帮助下，运用智能就是我的一切。、
l (名词性从句) At last feeling very upset and sensitive, Freddy and his band realized that they must leave the country before it became too painful for them. (人教版 M2 Unit 5 Freddy The Frog )
终于由于深感苦恼，神经高度紧张，弗雷迪和他的乐队意识到他们必须在自己感到太痛苦之前离开这个国家。
l (名词性从句) At the time they were created, the impressionists’ paintings were controversial but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we now call “modern art”. (人教版 M6 Unit 1 A Short History of Western Painting)
在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在着争议的，但是如今已被人们接受而成为现在我们所说的“现代艺术”。
l (名词性从句) It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century could be contained in the same museum. (人教版 M 6 Unit 1 The Best Of Manhattan’s Art Galleries )
令人惊奇的是，在同一家博物馆里竟能容下19世纪后期到21世纪的如此众多的名家巨作。
l (名词性从句) The increased amount of carbon dioxide means that more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up ? (人教版 M 6 Unit 4 The Earth Is Becoming Warmer –But Does It Matter ?)
大量额外的二氧化碳的增加意味着更多的热量被困在大气中，从而引起全球温度上升。
l (名词性从句/定语从句) On the other hand, there are those, like scientist George Hambley, who believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air and that some scientists’ concerns about global warming are just speculation. (人教版 M 6 Unit 4 The Earth Is Becoming Warmer –But Does It Matter ?)
另一方面，还有些人，像科学家乔治 汉布利，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳，一些科学家对全球变暖的担心只是推测。
l (名词性从句) However, the most important thing about my job is that I help to protect people from one of the most powerful natural forces on earth—the volcano. (人教版 M 6 Unit 5 An Exciting Job )
然而，更重要的是，通过我的工作能保护普通百姓免遭火山的威胁—这是世界上最大的自然威力之一。
l (名词性从句/定语从句) Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. (人教版 M 8 Unit 1 A Land Of Diversity )
科学家们认为，这些最早的定居者是从亚洲通过史前时期曾经存在过的大陆桥，跨过白令海峡来到阿拉斯加的。
l (名词性从句) Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most part of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. (人教版 M 8 Unit 1 A Land Of Diversity )
两个世纪后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。
l (名词性从句) The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. (人教版 Unit 2 The Return Of The Dinosaurs? )
其优点是，如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死去，而另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种抗疫力传给下一代。
67.
7、连词和状语从句
1. （连词和状语从句）Our circumstances are so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P2) 我们的境况让人绝望，谁也不清楚会不会活着回去。
2. （连词和状语从句）Whichever of you has for me the most devotion I will give to her the best part of everything I own. (新人教版必修10 Unit2 P12) 你们当中无论是谁，只要最有孝心，我就把我有的最好的一块给她。
3. （连词和状语从句）So sometimes kids laugh at me when I get out of breath after running just a short way or I have to stop half way up the stairs and rest before I can get up to the top. ((新人教版必修7 Unit1 P2) 因此，当我小跑了很短的一段路之后，我就会喘不过起来，或者爬楼梯才爬到一半就得停下，爬不到顶就得休息。
4. （连词和状语从句）She fell off a ladder and even though Tony was in the next room, he managed to catch her in time. (新人教版必修7 Unit2 P11) 她从梯子上掉了下来，尽管托尼当时在隔壁的房间里，他还是及时赶过来把她接住了。
5. （连词和状语从句）The seats at the back of the cinema should be placed higher than the ones at the front so that everyone, whether they are short or tall, can see the screen easily. (新人教版必修7 Unit1 P8) 影院后排的座位应该比前排的高，这样每个人---无论个子高矮，都能很容易地看到屏幕。
6. （连词和状语从句）The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there was a sharp drop to the sandy ocean floor. (新人教版必修7 Unit3 P23) 海水很浅，但是到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直降到满是沙子的海底。
7. （连词和状语从句）I had already heard that George didn’t like being kept waiting, so even though I didn’t have the right clothes on, I grabbed my boots and raced after him. (新人教版必修7 Unit3 P20) 我以前就听说过，乔治不喜欢等人，所以尽管我还没穿上捕鲸该穿的衣服，就一把抓起靴子跟在他后面跑起来。
8. （连词和状语从句）Besides, as far as he was concerned, what other people thought was not the most important thing. (新人教版必修7 Unit5 P38) 此外，他还认为，别人的想法并不是最重要的。
9. （连词和状语从句）He wanted to know what I thought, which confused me because I thought that the author of the article knew far more than I did. (新人教版必修7 Unit5 P38) 他想要知道的是我所想的是什么，这倒把我弄糊涂了，因为该文的作者知道的比我多得多。
10. (连词和状语从句) It is going to be remembered as a historical meeting this year, as the topic of Africa will be discussed in detail. (北师大版M4 U11 L1) 今年的会议将会作为一个历史性的会议留在人们的记忆中，因为非洲问题将是本届会议仔细讨论的问题。
11. (连词和状语从句) They want the leaders to cancel the debt of Africa’s poorest countries so that the problems there can be prevented from getting any worse. (北师大版M4 U11 L1) 他们希望这些国家的领导人取消非洲最贫穷的那些国家的债务，这可以使那里的问题不再恶化。
12. (连词和状语从句) According to a research published by Leeds University yesterday, people don’t mind bad language on television as long as it is not used in programmes watched by children. (北师大版M4 U11 L4) 根据利兹大学出版的一项研究，人们不介意电视中的脏话只要它不是用在孩子们看的节目里。
13. (连词和状语从句) With 18,000 tubes, thousands of circuits and 6,000 switches, it used so much energy that when it was turned on, the lights in the local town went out! (北师大版M7 U20 L3) 有18,000个电子管，几千块电路板和6,000个开关，它消耗的能量如此之大以至于当它开机时当地镇上所有的灯都熄灭了！
14. (连词和状语从句) However, in all cases, patients should receive the best possible treatment for as long as there is hope of recovery before such a decision is considered. (北师大版M7 U21 CW) 然而，在所有情况下，在考虑做这样一个决定之前，病人都应该受到尽可能好的治疗，只要有康复的希望就要坚持下去。
15. (连词和状语从句) Originally, they didn’t have a sense of land ownership, although Aboriginal children were taught from an early age that they belonged to the land and must respect tribal boundaries. (北师大版M4 U12 CC) 最初他们并没有土地所有权这一概念，虽然土著人的孩子很小就被教育说他们属于大地并且要尊重部落边界。
16. (连词和状语从句) Body language is used to communicate both attitudes and feelings from affection to anger just like any other language, but it differs from spoken language as it is not always explicit. (北师大版M7 U19 L3) 身体语言，就像其他任何语言一样，被用来交流喜怒等各种态度和感情，但是与口头语言不同的是，他不总是明确清楚的。
17. (连词和状语从句) Body language can therefore make people’s feelings more transparent as although we can lie with words, it is not as easy to do so with our bodies. (北师大版M7 U19 L3) 因此身体语言可以让人们的感觉更外露，因为尽管我们可以用语言来掩饰我们的感受，但是用身体就不那么容易。
18. （连词和状语从句）Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. (2009年北京卷阅读A)
过了一段时间我继父才和我适应了彼此。
19. （连词和状语从句）Whenever you come, wherever you go, you’re sure to see some unforgettable events. (2009全国II卷阅读E) 无论你何时来，无论你到何地去，你肯定会见到一些令人难忘的事情。
20. （连词和状语从句）I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy. (2009年北京卷阅读A)
我相信我的人生将会正常，就算没那么容易。
21. （连词和状语从句）However, your body is so used to it that you do not notice this. (2009年江西卷阅读B)
然而，你的身体是如此的习惯它而不会注意到这一点。
22. （连词和状语从句）Somehow, from long years of practice, she managed to act as though I wasn’t an annoying little girl. (2009年陕西卷阅读A) 通过多年的实践，她总算想方设法表现得好像我不是一个惹人厌烦的小女孩。
23. （连词和状语从句）Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them. (2009年重庆卷阅读B) 相信自己，每天写下你的目标，不管他们有多小，你就离实现它们这一目标一步步地靠近了。
●（连词和状语从句）My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down, and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help. 我的孩子一直来烦我，最终让我决定（买手机）的是有一次我的车坏了，我被困在高速公路一个小时才有人停下来帮助。2012福建卷阅读C
●（连词和状语从句）Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it，whether or not we actually perform the same action. 简言之，镜像神经元的存在表明，不管我们是否真正执行相同的操作，每一次我们看到别人做点什么，我们的大脑就会模仿。2012福建卷阅读D
●（连词和状语从句）However, he has told his reporters not to look for the city’s hero, for fear that discovery may stop the donations. 但是，它告诉记者不用寻找城市的英雄，担心英雄的发现会使捐赠停止。2012福建卷阅读A
●（连词和状语从句）It didn’t take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started. 很快就出现了松鼠使用这座桥的报道。2012山东卷阅读C
●（连词和状语从句）They achieved this long before Columbus ever set sail. 在哥伦布启航之前很长时间他们就达到了这一点。(北师大版M3 U7 L1)
●（连词和状语从句）Some of the ships even had earth on board so that the sailors could grow their own crops for food. 有的船上甚至装有泥土，为的是船员能够种庄稼当食物。(北师大版M3 U1 Culture Corner)
●（连词和状语从句）Wherever someone finished a journey they would leave the bike there for someone else to use. 无论人们在哪儿完成了行程，他们会把车子放在那儿让别人用。(北师大版M3 U9 L1)
●（连词和状语从句）A temperature increase of 1°F may not sound like a lot, but if we continue to produce carbon dioxide and other gases in such huge quantities, we are condemning life on Earth and should expect severe consequences. 气温升高1华氏度听起来无所谓，但是如果我们继续制造如此多的的二氧化碳和其他气体， 我们将毁灭地球上的生命，后果将非常严重。(北师大版M8 U22L1)
●（连词和状语从句）Because these natural disasters occur at random times, it is difficult to warn people in advance. 由于这些灾难不定时地发生，所以很难提起警告人们。(北师大版M8 U22L3)
●（连词和状语从句）Mckay’s wife, Laurene told us that while McKay is usually a peaceful person, he had been driven to this act of violence be getting wet just once too often. 迈奇的妻子劳瑞恩告诉我们，迈奇通常是一个很平和的人，因为太多次被淋湿而被逼做出这样的暴力举动。 (北师大版M8 U23L1)
●（连词和状语从句）Surely we’re still better off than those who wear rags and sleep on the streets or in vacant buildings, but there is a growing resistance to this consume society which is especially affecting the youth today with their computers, i-pads, designer clothes and mobile phones. 当然我们仍旧比那些穿着破衣烂衫，谁在街道上或者空置的大楼里的人的生活要好得多，但是现在的年轻人特别容易受到电脑、i-pad随身听、名牌服装和移动电话等的影响，所以越来越多的人开始抵制这种消费社会。(北师大版M8 U24L1)
●（连词和状语从句）I'll help you lose weight and be fit in two weeks if you eat here every day.您要是每天来这儿用餐，我可以保证在两周内去掉您的全部脂肪。（新人教版必修3Unit1P10）
●（连词和状语从句）Even though her customers might get thin after eating Yong Hui’s food, they were not eating enough energy-giving food to keep them fit. 尽管顾客吃她的餐馆里的饭会变得苗条，但他们摄取不到足够的热量来保持健康。（新人教必修3Unit2P10）
●（连词和状语从句）Wang Peng felt more hopeful as he drove back home. Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back. 王鹏觉得又有了希望。也许写个新的标牌、打点折，能够帮他赢回顾客！（新人教必修3Unit2P10）
●（连词和状语从句）He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular. 他不希望由于餐馆不受欢迎而负债。（新人教必修3Unit2P14）
●（连词和状语从句）I don' t want to upset you, but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food. Why don' t you sit down and try a meal? 我并不想让你心烦，不过我发现你的菜谱上的菜太少了，所以我也就不着急了，我也开始宣传我餐馆食物的好处。你为什么不坐下吃顿饭呢？（新人教必修3Unit2P14）
●（连词和状语从句）As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth's gravity. 随着火箭徐徐升空，我们慢慢逃离地球的引力，这种引力太强，把我们重重地向后推在座位上。（新人教必修3Unit4P30）
●（连词和状语从句）"Oh dear," I cried, "walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed." “天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。。”（新人教必修3Unit4P31）
●（连词和状语从句）It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres. 那儿的湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，一些高达90多米。（新人教必修3Unit5P34）
●（连词和状语从句）It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. 万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃。如果邻居什么糖也不给，那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。（新人教版必修3Unit1P2）
●（连词和状语从句）At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. 在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。（新人教版必修3Unit1P1）
●（连词和状语从句）They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city. 她们要晚些时候才动身去蒙特利尔，因此就在多伦多市内游览了一番。（新人教必修3Unit5P38）
●（连词和状语从句）While these activities might seem childish and cause laughter rather than respect, in reality they require an enormous amount of strength and fitness as well as determination. 虽然这些活动看起来孩子气且令人发笑而不是让人肃然起敬，但实际上，完成这些活动需要强大的力量，健康的体格和坚定的决心。（新人教必修9Unit1P2）
●（连词和状语从句）He had been urged by his spiritual leader to enter the marathon even though he had done no training. 尽管从没有训练过，他还是受到他的精神领袖的敦促参加了马拉松比赛。（新人教必修9Unit1P3）
●（连词和状语从句）The voyages of travellers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids. 17世纪以前的航海记录显示，即使没有现代航海技术的帮助，他们也没有任凭海洋摆布。（新人教必修9Unit2P12）
●（连词和状语从句）Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen. 在看不见路地的时候，可以用海鸟来指明通往陆地的去路。（新人教必修9Unit2P12）
●（连词和状语从句）So seamen could follow the birds to land even if they were offshore and in the open sea.因此，即使在远离海岸的大洋上，海员们也可以跟随这些鸟儿到达陆地。（新人教必修9Unit2P12）
●（连词和状语从句）Later, when seamen began to use the compass in the 12th century they could calculate longitude using complicated mathematical tables. 后来，当12世纪海员们开始使用指南针的时候，他们就可以用复杂的数学表来计算出经度了。（新人教必修9Unit2P13）
●（连词和状语从句）Although this took a great deal of time, it didn't matter. Time was, after all, what we had a lot of!虽然这项工作占去了大量时间，但那并没有关系，毕竟我们有的就是时间。（新人教必修9Unit2P18）
●（连词和状语从句）A few varieties, however, can kill humans, so it is just as well that snakes are very shy and usually attack only if they are disturbed and feel threatened. 不过，还是有少数几种蛇能致人于死地。好在蛇都胆小怕事，通常只在被打搅和感到有威胁时才会出击。（新人教必修9Unit3P27）
●（连词和状语从句）While a small number of Australians are bitten by spiders each year, most recover without any medical treatment. 虽然每年有少数人被蜘蛛咬伤，但多数人不经治疗就能痊愈。（新人教必修9Unit3P27）
●（连词和状语从句）This crocodile moves very quickly when it sees something it considers to be food, and from time to time a crocodile has snatched someone before he or she is even aware that the crocodile is there. 当这种鳄鱼看到某个东西并认为是食物的时候，它就会迅速行动，就这样时常捕获住那些还未来得及察觉到鳄鱼的人。（新人教必修9Unit3P28）
●（连词和状语从句）The plants in our gardens look so familiar that often we do not realize that many of them actually come from countries far away. 我们花园里的植物看上去是那么熟悉，以致我们常常意思不到在这些植物中有许多实际上来自遥远的国度。（新人教必修9Unit4P32）
●（连词和状语从句）Organizations and individuals advertise because they want to persuade people to behave in certain ways, for example to buy a certain brand of rice, stop speeding or see a movie at their cinema. 组织和个人都作广告，因为他们都想说服别人按某种方式来行事，例如要你买某个牌子的大米，或者要你停止高速驾车或在他们的电影院里看一场电影。（新人教必修9Unit5P48）
●（连词和状语从句）Unless we have ways to protect ourselves, these dishonest advertisers will tell lies or use methods that may mislead us. 除非我们有办法进行自我保护，否则这些不老实的广告商就会说谎或者采用误导我们的手段。（新人教必修9Unit5P48）
●（连词和状语从句）When it comes to advertising, consumers need to be educated about techniques used by advertisers so they can judge the claims for themselves and not blindly accept everything that is said in advertisements. （新人教必修9Unit5P49）涉及广告时，消费者需要了解广告商所使用的伎俩，这样他们才能对各种广告主张做出自己的判断，而不致盲目地接受广告中所说的一切。
●（连词和状语从句）Every time Ashrita tries to break a record, he reaches a point where he feels he cannot physically do any more. 每次试图破纪录的时候，阿西里塔都会达到一个体力不可逾越的极限点。（新人教必修9Unit1P3）
●（连词和状语从句）Strel was trained as a guitarist before he became a professional marathon swimmer in 1978. He has a passion for swimming the world's great rivers.在1978年成为职业马拉松游泳运动员之前，斯特雷曾被作为吉他手培养。（新人教必修9Unit1P8）
●（连词和状语从句）As we are flooded with advertisements in our modem world, many schools believe it is their duty to educate students about advertising.当今社会上公告泛滥成灾，许多学校认为它们有责任对学生进行有关广告的教育。（新人教必修9Unit5P49）
●（连词和状语从句）They don’t see men succeeding in society so it doesn’t occur to them that they could make something of themselves. 他们没有看到有人在社会上成功，因此他们想不到他们可以干出点成就。(2008辽宁卷阅读C)
●（连词和状语从句）A study involving 8,500 teenagers from all social backgrounds found that most of them are ignorant when it comes to money. 来自各种社会背景的8，500个少年参与的一项研究发现谈到钱，他们中的很多人都一无所知。(2008上海卷阅读C)
●（连词和状语从句）You need to start being a responsible, environmentally friendly person now, right away, before you become a resource-sucking adult. 在你成为一个消耗资源的成人之前，你需要马上做一个有责任的、环保的人。(2008山东卷阅读D)
●（连词和状语从句）We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. 我们轻易地被减肥产品的承诺和潜力所吸引以致与我们不去想减肥产品会对我们有什么作用。(2008北京卷阅读E)
●（连词和状语从句）If your boss asks you to work in Moscow this year, he’d better offer you more money to do so — or even double that depending on where you live now. 如果老板今年让你在莫斯科工作，他最好给你更多或者双倍的工资，这取决于你现在所住的地方。(2008辽宁卷阅读E)
●（连词和状语从句）However, as you get older, and especially if you have small children, the peace of the countryside may seem preferable. 但是，随着你长大，尤其是如果你有了小孩子，乡村的宁静可能会更令人喜爱。(2008安徽卷阅读A)
●（连词和状语从句）The money comes straight out of your account, so you can spend as much as you like as long as you have enough money (or an agreed overdraft(透支) to cover it. 钱直接来自于你的帐户，因此你可以想花多少就花多少，只要你有足够的钱（或者有透支）来支付。(2008福建卷阅读 C)
●（连词和状语从句）It’s not something easily accomplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now. 这不是现在由父母能容易完成的事情，因为生活更难理解或处理，但是分享兴趣确实使为人父或母更有意思了。 ( 2008广东卷阅读A)
●（连词和状语从句）If anyone upset her or stood in her way, her right hand would flash out fast and scratch down the face of her playmates. 如果有人让她生气或妨碍她了，她的右手会很快地伸出抓挠小朋友的脸。(2008湖北卷阅读B)
●（连词和状语从句）She was so quick that it was impossible to prevent her scratching, but I was determined to stay within arm’s length all afternoon. 她动作太快，不可能阻止她抓挠，但是我决定整个下午跟在她左右。(2008湖北卷阅读B)
●（连词和状语从句）Memories flashed through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days. 他静静地坐着，会想童年的日子，记忆像新闻影片闪过脑海。(2008江苏卷阅读D)
●（连词和状语从句）When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone, cooking dinner and keeping an eye on the baby all at the same time, it’s women who come out on top every time. 谈到和老板通电话的同时做饭、看孩子，每次都是女性领先。(2008陕西卷阅读E)
●（连词和状语从句）As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life. 随着名人在市场变得越来越有经验，他们迅速扩大他们的产品规模，几乎包含了日常生活中的所有产品。(2008湖南卷阅读D)
●（连词和状语从句）Though most companies allow women to leave their jobs for a short time to have a baby, they expect women with babies to give up their jobs. In short, if they want to bring up children properly, both parents have to work, but it is hard for mothers to work. 虽然多数公司允许女性短期内离开公司生孩子，他们期望带小孩子的女性放弃工作。总之，如果他们想很好地养育孩子，双方父母都得工作，但是妈妈去工作是困难的。(2008安徽卷阅读E)
●（连词和状语从句）However good an advertisement is, people are unlikely to be persuaded if the product is unsuitable for them. For example, no matter how good an ad for a car stereo system is, people who don't own cars are unlikely to run out and buy one. 一则广告无论制作得多么好，如果产品不合适，也不可能使人信服。举例来说，不管一个汽车的立体声系统多么好，那些没有汽车的人是不可能跑去买它的。（新人教必修9Unit5P43）
24.
25.
状语从句
l （状语从句） Working like this allows you to live where you want, to continue your studies and to enjoy the comfort of having a lot more fee time. (北师大版M5 Unit 14 Lesson 4 Job Trends))
这样的工作方式使你能够住在想住的地方，继续学业，并且享受拥有很多自由时间的舒适生活。
l （状语从句） I feel that I can get on well with people from different backgrounds, since I have worked with lots of different people on many projects for local events. (M5 Unit 14 Communication Workshop)
我认为我能与不同背景的人相处好，因为我在很多项目上与许多不同类型的人相处过。
l （状语从句） Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to spit the answer out for us, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of analysis---luckily for us. (北师大版M 5 Unit 15 lesson 4 Understanding )
虽然今天我们更习惯于在一个搜索引擎里打出几个关键词，然后等待互联网为我们吐出答案，现代的科学家和思想家们仍然在用这种分析方法来解决世界的问题---这对我们来说很幸运。
l （状语从句） We need to thank the great men of the past for the wisdom to know that we don’t know it all and probably never will, for that would mean a world without questions. (北师大版M5 Unit 15 Lesson 4 Understanding )
我们要感谢历史上伟人的才智，它让我们懂得我们不是什么都懂，将来也不会什么都懂，如果我们什么都懂，那将意味着世界上没有问题了。
l （状语从句） She was making necklaces with the help of Miss Sullivan when she noticed that she had made some mistakes. (北师大版M6 Unit 16 Lesson 3 Life Stories )
海伦在沙利文小姐的帮助下制作项链，这时她注意到自己出了一些错误。
l （状语从句） He becomes so desperate in the end that he even hides some inside the purse of a woman’s sitting near him and throws some down the trousers of the restaurant’s violinist. (北师大版M6 Unit 17 lesson 3 My Favourite Comedy )
最后，他不顾一切了，甚至将一些肉塞进坐在附近的一个女人的手提包里，一些肉扔到餐厅小提琴手的裤子里。
l （状语从句） They will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if than means a huge amount of debt. (2011 年山东卷 阅读C )
无论需要什么，他们都将送孩子去大学，即使这意味着一笔巨大的债务。
l （状语从句） Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems. (2011年浙江卷 阅读C)
尽管顾客可能会因天气、无人认领的行李和技术问题造成的延误而生气，但是激烈的竞争已经让他们深信让顾客高兴是一个重要的营销手段。
l （状语从句） No matter how hard the Internet tries to put you in communication, its best efforts will be defeated by your mind. (2011福建卷 阅读D)
无论互联网多么努力的想把让你与其它人联系起来，它最终的努力会被人的大脑给挫败。
l （状语从句）While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. (2011年江西卷 阅读D)
尽管太空会有许多奇迹， 能够解释宇宙是如何形成如何运转的，但它也有危险。
l （状语从句） It was some time before they worked out what the problem was. (2011年上海卷阅读填空)
过了一段时间他们才明白问题所在。
l (状语从句/定语从句) She was so angry that she said to her father that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her. (人教版 M2 Unit 2 The Story Of Atlanta )
她因此非常生气，就告诉她的父亲说她不会跟没有她跑得快的任何人结婚。
l (状语从句) I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. (人教版Unit 3 Who Am I ? )
我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。
l (状语从句/定语从句) After I was programmed by an operator who used cards with hotels, I could “think” logically and produce an answer quicker than any person. (人教版Unit 3 Who Am I ? )
在操作员用穿卡孔为我设计程序后，我能够进行逻辑“思考”，并且能够比任何人更快的算出答案。
l (状语从句) When scientist inspected the bones, they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees. (人教版 M2 Unit 4 Animal Extinction )
科学家在观察他们的骨头时，惊奇地发现他们不仅根其他恐龙一样可以跑，而且还可以爬树。
l (状语从句) Some scientists think it came after an unexpected incident when a huge rock from space hit the earth and put too much dust into the air. (人教版 M2 Unit 4 Animal Extinction )
有些科学家认为恐龙灭绝是发生在一件意外事故之后，当时宇宙间一块巨石击中地球因而在空气中扬起太多的尘土。
l (状语从句) They were so popular that their funs formed clubs in order to get more familiar with. (人教版 M2 Unit 5 The Band That Wasn’t )
他们非常走红使得歌迷们为了更加熟悉他们而成立了俱乐部。
l (状语从句) When people first say his paintings they were convinced they were looking through a hole in the wall at a real scene. (人教版 M6 Unit 1 A Short History of Western Painting)
当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。
l (状语从句) Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. (人教版 M 6 Unit 4 The Earth Is Becoming Warmer –But Does It Matter ?)
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在未来几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。
l (状语从句) It’s OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not, turn it off ! (人教版 M 6 Unit 4 The Earth Is Becoming Warmer –But Does It Matter ?)
在用电器设备时你可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！
l (状语从句) I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. (人教版 M 6 Unit 5 An Exciting Job )
我刚要再睡, 突然我的卧室亮如白昼.
l (状语从句) When you arrive you are rewarded not only by the sight of the crystal clear waters of the Lake of Heaven, but also by the view of the other sixteen mountain peaks that surround Tianchi. (人教版 M 6 Unit 5 The lake Of Heaven )
你一到达山顶就会得到回报---你不仅可以看到天池那清澈如镜的湖水, 而且还可以看到天池周围的16座山峰.
l (状语从句) If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one, don’t forget to drop a coin into the clear, blue water to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself. (人教版 M 6 Unit 5 The lake Of Heaven )
如果你有幸同你所爱的人去游天池, 别望了投一枚硬币到清澈碧蓝的水中, 以确保你们的爱情像湖水一样深厚持久.
l (状语从句) One day as he was experimenting with one end of a straw joined to a deaf man’s ear drum and the other to a piece of smoked glass, Bell noticed that when he spoke into the ear, the straw drew sound waves on the glass. (人教版 M 8 Unit 3 Alexander Graham Bell )
有一天做实验, 他把一根干草和一个聋子的耳朵连接起来, 贝尔发现当他对这耳朵说话的时候, 这根干草就把声波画在被烟熏过的玻璃上.
l (状语从句) She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped. （人教版 M 8 Unit 5 The Feast : 18,000 BC ）
快到目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她不往前走了，停了下来。
26.
8、 倒装句
1. （倒装句）
There, standing on a wooden box, was Mrs. Tailor, stretching out to gather her precious egg. (2009年江西卷阅读A)
此时，泰勒夫人正站在木箱子上，伸长胳膊去拿那只金贵的鸡蛋。
2. （倒装句）Only through the united efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future. (2009年重庆卷阅读E) 只有通过充满希望的人们团结努力，我们才能安全地与错误地使用科学的现象作斗争，才能让科学在将来最好地服务于人类。
3.
（倒装句）Even more extraordinary was that the Hatches had their farmland distributed. (2009年山东卷阅读A )
更加不平凡的是，他们把自己的田地都分给了人们。
4. （倒装句/情态动词和虚拟语气）Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warning.（2009年浙江卷阅读D）要是当时我的邻居以同情的语气告知我暴雨的消息的话，我会很感激他的提醒的。
●（倒装句）Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. 随后是极地冬天的完全的黑暗。(北师大版M3 U8L4)
●（倒装句）Had they known their neighbour is a drummer, they wouldn’t have moved into the building. 如果早知道邻居是个鼓手，他们是不会搬进这座大楼的。(北师大版M8 U23L1)
●（倒装句）No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full night’s sleep. 他们刚一搬进去声音就开始了，几乎没有睡过一个囫囵觉。(北师大版M8 U23L1)
●（倒装句）Neither could they relax or read a book without plugging their ears. 如果不塞住耳朵他们就不能休息或者看书。(北师大版M8 U23L1)
●（倒装句）Not only did Fortune introduce over 120 species of plants to Western gardens but he also shipped 20,000 tea plants from Shanghai to India, where a successful tea industry was established. 福琼不仅把120种植物引入西方园林，而且还把两万株茶树用船从上海运到了印度，印度的制茶工业就成功地发展起来了。（新人教必修9Unit4P33）
●（倒装句）Gone are the days when one could just walk with case into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no anxiety. 人们提着篮子走进商店只买一件东西，无选择，无焦虑。这样的日子一去不复返啦。（2008重庆卷阅读E）
l (倒装) Not only will you save time and money, but you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication. (2011年山东卷 阅读表达)
你不但能省时间和金钱，而且你还能够再次发现交流的真正快乐。
l (倒装) Not only will a lodger(房客) earn you an income, but also , thanks to the government-backed “rent a room” program, you won’t have to pay any tax on the first ￡4500 you make per year. (2011年四川卷 阅读B)
不但房客会让你赚到钱，而且由于政府支持的租房项目，每年你首次挣的￡4500均不需要缴税。
l (倒装) Not only have the public been able to learn about the LoB（Library of Birmingham）, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens. (2011年四川卷 阅读C)
公众不但能够了解伯明翰图书馆，而且虚拟的图书馆使得在图书馆工作人员在它开放前就了解它和它的工作原理。
l （倒装/定语从句）Never before have we had the innovations ( 创新) in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been, (2012年江苏卷 阅读B)
此前我们从未有在技术上能让这个国家的农业最高效的创新。
l (倒装) When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. (2012年江苏卷 阅读D)
当我们在课堂上一起把结尾大声读起来的时候， 我们班最调皮的孩子，一个练球明星， 流泪了， 我也如此。
9、省略句
●（省略）A good encyclopedia (百科全书), though expensive, is useful, too, because you can find information on any subject. 一本好的百科全书，虽然贵，也是有用的，因为你可以在其中找到任何话题的信息。(2008安徽卷阅读D)
●（省略）I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. 我期望看到这些观点向前进一步，期望看到这些观点受到其他参与者的挑战。2012北京卷阅读D
10、强调句
1. （强调句）It was not until November 13, 1956 that the US Supreme Court declared separation on buses was not constitutional. (新人教版必修10 Unit3 P23) 直到1956年11月13号，美国最高法院才判定公交车上的种族隔离不合宪法。
2. （强调句）It was when Asimov was eleven years old that his talent for writing became obvious. (新人教版必修7 Unit2 P16 ) 早在阿西莫夫11岁的时候，他的写作才华就已经显露出来了。
3. (强调句) In fact, it is you who have the most important role in stopping Yellow River erosion. (北师大版M4 U10 L3) 事实上，你才是阻止黄河水土流失最重要的人物。
4. （强调句）We all want to honor our own name, and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our own name that we honor what we say. (2009年江西卷阅读C)
我们都想为自己的名字争光，而要赋予我们的言论以尊严, 唯一的途径就是用名字为我们发表的意见加盖印章。
5. （强调句）It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses. (2009年辽宁卷阅读D)
只有在修改的过程中我们才检查初稿，改掉其中的不足。
6. （强调句）How is it that siblings (兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? (2012年湖北卷阅读D) 一家的兄弟姐妹怎么会如此地不一样呢？
●（强调句）Yang Ming hates being called an alcoholic, but it is the fact that people have classified his music as “noise” that upset him most. 他讨厌被人叫做酒鬼，但是对人们将他的音乐归类为噪音感到最伤心。(北师大版M8 U23L1)
●（强调句）They come to see the grand sights of the Great Wall and the Forbidden City but often it is the hutongs that leave the strongest impression, as they offer the travellers a rare view into China’s past. 他们特意来看长城和故宫的壮丽景色，但常常是那些胡同给他们留下最深的印象，因为透过难得一见的胡同，游客能看到中国的过去。(北师大版M8 U24L3)
●（强调句）However, it was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the exploration of the botanical world began on a large scale. 然而，直到18世纪和19世纪人们对植物世界大规模的探索才开始。（新人教必修9Unit4P32）
●（强调句）Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests, despite the difference in brain size. Why? After years of study, researchers have concluded that it’s what’s inside that matters, not just the size of the brain. 尽管大脑的大小不一样，智商测试时，男性和女性得分是相似的。为什么？经过多年研究，研究人员推断说不仅仅是大脑的大小，大脑内的物质在更重要。(2008陕西卷阅读E)
●（强调句）It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help, but to learn about and experience another culture(文化) that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world. 就在那是我认识到实际上我不是来帮助他人，而是了解和体验另一种文化，这有助于提高我对生活和世界的理解。 (2008四川卷阅读A)
（强调句型）At work, it is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that gets you promoted.
(北师大版M5 Unit 13 lesson 1 EQ:IQ)
在职场上, 一个人的智商决定了他能否被录用, 而情商则决定了他能否得到提拔.
（强调句型） It was only when I got home two hours later that I realized I’d forgotten it and there was nothing I could do as the library was closed. (北师大版M5 Unit 13 lesson 4 First Impressions)
直到两个小时后我回到家时才发现我把书忘那儿了, 可是已经无济于事, 因为图书馆已经关门了.
（强调句型） However, much more than buildings and objects, it is the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history. (北师大版M6 Unit 16 Lesson 1 Stories from History )
但是，与诚里的建筑及物品相比，那些在那场灾难中遇难的人的轮廓像则更使这个城市成为人类历史上的一座纪念碑。
（强调句型） We are influenced by our culture, our biology and our time in history to noticed physical beauty quickly and easily, but it is inner beauty that requires us to truly see. (北师大版M6 Unit 18 Lesson 1 What Is Beauty? )
受文化、生物特征和历史时期的影响，我们能够快速地、轻而易举地判断外在的美。
（强调句型）It’s through commitment and sweat that I can make a difference within myself inside and out. （2011年四川卷 阅读A）
正是通过付出和汗水我才能让自己由内而外有所不同。
l (强调句型) It’s in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports. (人教版M2 Unit 2 An Interview )
跑步、游泳、划船和一些团体项目是在夏季运动会上进行。
l (强调句型) They also believe it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that is resulting in this increase in carbon dioxide. (人教版 M 6 Unit 4 The Earth Is Becoming Warmer –But Does It Matter ?)
他们还赞同下述观点，正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。
l (强调句型) Although Chinese immigrant began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. (人教版 M 8 Unit 1 A Land Of Diversity )
虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了，但是更大批量的中国移民却是在19世纪60年代为修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。
l (强调句型) It was this exploring around the problems and his dynamic spirit that led to his most famous invention ---the telephone in 1876. (人教版 M 8 Unit 3 Alexander Graham Bell )
正是这种对问题的探索精神造就了他那最著名的发明—1876年的电话.
l (强调句型) The paten was given in 1876, but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson. (人教版 M 8 Unit 3 Alexander Graham Bell )
这个专利是在案876年发布的, 但是贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话.
l (强调句型) You must be aware that it is here that we found the evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. (人教版 M 6 Unit 5 A Visit To The Zhou Kou Dian Caves )
你们想必都很清楚, 正是在这个地方, 我们找到了居住在世界上这个部分最早人类的证据.
11、it用法
1. （it用法）As a chef, it was my duty to clean and cool these animals, so I was soon being encouraged to vary the meals in whatever way I could. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P9) 作为厨子，我的责任就是把这些动物清洗干净并做成熟肉。
2. （it用法）It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family. (新人教版必修7 Unit4 P30) 跟汤姆一家度过一天，这真是一种殊荣。
3. （it用法）It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James, and when we approached him, I saw James being held up in the water by Old Tom. (新人教版必修7 Unit3 P21) 我们花了半个小时才把船掉过头来，回到詹姆斯落水的地方。当我们靠近他的时候，我看到老汤姆正在水里托着詹姆斯。
4. （it的用法/名词性从句) They realize that it does not matter how attractive the idea linked with the product is --- most people know that the main purpose of the advertisement is making customers spend money. (北师大版M4 U11 L3) 他们意识到，与产品相关联的理念多么吸引人并不重要---多数人都知道广告的主要目的就是让消费者花钱。
5. （it用法）Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. (2009年辽宁卷阅读D)
所以，我们的初稿竟然显得很简单，这其实并不让人意外。
6. （it用法）
It takes courage to be honest when people all around you are getting away with cheating on tests, lying to their parents, and stealing at work. (2009年四川卷阅读C) 当我们周围的人考试作弊、对父母撒谎、上班偷窃却侥幸未被发现时，我们要想诚实需要极大的勇气。
7. （it用法）And it’s true that genes play a role in our capabilities. (2009年上海卷阅读D) 基因束缚了我们的能力也是事实。
8. （it用法）
It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money, more than＄3 million—they were am elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm. (2009年山东卷阅读A )
让所有人惊讶的是Hatch夫妇有这么多的钱——300多万美元，而他们仅仅是住在一个被遗留下来的家庭农场上的一个老房子里的年老的夫妇俩。
9. ( it用法）Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. (2012年安徽卷阅读D) 乔纳森坚持说，要只是想通过做和放风筝来开心，就没必要做那么大一个给人深刻印象的风筝。
l (it 用法) Between now and the 21st century, citizens of the world’s richest and most advanced nations will find it more and more difficult to keep up with the demand for change. (北师大版M5 Unit 14 Lesson 4 Job Trends)
从现在到21世纪，这个世界最富有和最先进的国家的公民都会感到越来越难以跟上变化的需要。
l （it 用法）However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. (2012年陕西卷 阅读理解C)
然而， 意识到这些危险是很重要的， 因为不管生活方式的选择每个人都会接触到空气污染。
12、there be结构
1. （there be结构）Can you believe that there used to be a consensus in society that opposed the writing of novels by authoresses? Clearly this restriction must have operated at a time when there was no equality of opportunity for women. (新人教版必修10 Unit5 P41) 你相信从前社会上存在着反对女子写小说的舆论吗？很显然，这种限制在妇女没有平等权利的时期肯定会起作用的。
2. （there be结构）He has opened the curtains that night so that the other women would see him and Claire, knowing that there was no risk to Claire’s marriage. (新人教版必修7 Unit2 P12) 那天晚上，他拉开了窗帘，让其他女人看到了他和克莱尔在一起，而且使她们知道，这对克莱尔的婚姻并不造成危害。
3. （There be结构）In the 1950s, there is a wide variety of shoes and boots belonging to everyone from queens and presidents to pop stars and actors! (2012年安徽卷阅读A) 早在20世纪50年代，就有各种各样的鞋子和靴子，他们属于每个人，从王后和总统到流行歌曲明星和演员！
l (There be 句型) There are also many other important changes taking place. (北师大版M5 Unit 14 Lesson 4 Job Trends) 还有很多其他重要的变化发生。
l (There be 句型) What’s more, there is a health benefit to some of the population, because through televised sport, more people have become interested in actually playing sport. (2011年江西卷 阅读表达)
此外，一些人从健康上受益，因为通过电视播放的体育比赛更多的人变得对做运动感兴趣了。
l (There be ) There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. (人教版M2 Unit 1 In Search of the Amber Room)
毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往戈尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。
l (There be ) There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer but there is fierce debate over whether it is human activity that has caused this global warming or whether it is just a natural phenomenon. (人教版 M 6 Unit 4 The Earth Is Becoming Warmer –But Does It Matter ?)
毫无疑问，地球是在变暖，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致而成的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。
l (There be/定语从句 ) There are many people who feel like you and don’t believe they have the power to do anything about our environment. (人教版 M 6 Unit 4 The Earth Is Becoming Warmer –But Does It Matter ?)
有许多人承担你这样的义务，而他们不相信自己有能力来影响环境。
●（there be结构）The next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in Canada. 第二天早上，在他们的车窗外到处是灌木丛和枫树，挂满朱红、赤金和橘黄色的叶子，地面覆盖上了一层薄霜，表明秋天已经来到了加拿大。（新人教必修3Unit5P38）
●（there be结构）There was no secure method of measuring longitude until the 17th century when the British solved this theoretical problem. 直到17世纪英国人解决了这个理论问题后，人们才有了测量经度的可靠方法。（新人教必修9Unit2P13）
●（there be结构）He believes that there is no limit to people's physical abilities. 他相信人的体能是没有局限的。（新人教必修9Unit1P2）
13、 be及动词的惯用句型
1. （be及动词的惯用句型）When rescue did come, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P9) 当救援真的赶来时，我们长长地松了口气，欣喜不已，许多人忍不住流下了眼泪。
2. （be及动词的惯用句型）He comes to understand why she left him at a stranger’s door fifteen years before. (2012年江西卷阅读B) 他渐渐明白了为什么在十五年前母亲把他丢在了一个陌生人的家门口。
●（系动词）It proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments. 六分仪是方位圆和象限仪的改进版，它减少了出差错的可能性。在这些早期的航海仪器中，它被证明是最精确和最为可靠的一种。（新人教必修9Unit2P13）
●（系动词）At different times of the day it appears to change colour, from grey-red at sunrise, to golden and finally to burning red at dusk. 在不同时间里，这块岩石会呈现出不同的颜色，从日出的灰红，到金黄，最好到黄昏时的火红。（新人教必修9Unit3P23）
3.
14、 并列句
1. （并列句）You will read more efficiently if you keep in mind the purpose for your reading and then read in a way that will best help you to achieve this purpose. (新人教版必修10 Unit4 P33) 如果你记住阅读的目的，并且以帮你实现该目的的最佳方式阅读，那么你的阅读将更加有效。
2. （并列句）As readers, we know that this sentence is not really true but it represents the opinions of all mothers who have daughters to marry. (新人教版必修10 Unit5 P42) 作为读者，我们知道这句话并不完全真实，但是它却代表着所有有女儿要出嫁的母亲们的观点。
3. （并列句/连词和状语从句）Unfortunately, they can’t tell me whether I will get worse as I get older, or I will stay the same as I am now. (新人教版必修7 Unit1 P2) 不幸的是， 他们也不能告诉我，我的病是否会随着年龄的增长而恶化，或者还是保持现状。
4. （并列句）She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didn’t want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. (新人教版必修7 Unit2 P12) 她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，第二天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于仅仅只使她开心。
5. （并列句）Xie Lei told me she feels much more at home in England now and that things that had seemed very strange at the beginning now appear quite normal. (新人教版必修7 Unit5 P39) 谢蕾告诉我说，现在她在英国感到自在多了。开始时认为似乎很奇怪的事情，如今也觉得似乎很正常了。
6. (并列句) I was enjoying my dessert and talking to my American friend Janice at the table when I noticed people staring at us. (北师大版M4 U12 L3) 我和我的美国朋友詹尼斯正在餐桌旁边吃甜点边聊天，突然发现人们在注视我们。
7. (并列句) They are now a minority group and most of them live in terrible conditions while the rest of us are quite well-off. (北师大版M4 U12 L4) 他们现在是少数人群而且他们大部分人处境艰难，而我们剩下的这些人却生活富裕。
8. (并列句) In conclusion, we are only really in the initial stages of exploring space but we have come a long way since learning that the Earth is not flat and spins in an orbit around the sun. (北师大版M7 U20 CW) 总之，我们现在还只处于探索宇宙的初级阶段，但是自从了解到地球不是平的而是绕着太阳呈椭圆型轨道旋转我们已经取得了长足的进步。
9. (并列句）Foreign drivers will not get points as punishment added to their licenses, while British drivers will. (2009年福建卷阅读E) 国外可不像中国一样驾照上有一定分数，违反交通规则后会视情节扣罚。
10. （并列句）The surprising experiment I am about to describe proves that air is all around you and that it proves down upon you. (2009年江西卷阅读B)
我将要描述的这个令人惊奇的实验证明你周围有空气，它向下压着你。
11. （并列句）This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation (节制). (2009全国I卷阅读D) 这样不仅可以把电话分给其他人一些时间来使用，同时也可以教给你的孩子懂得节制。
12. （并列句）To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. (2012年安徽卷阅读B) 对埃及人来说，绿色是是一种象征春天的希望和欢乐的颜色，而对穆斯林来说，绿色意味着天空。
13. ●（并列句）On average, about forty people travel in one bus, while the same number occupy thirty-three cars. 平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占据33辆小轿车。(北师大版M3 U9 L4)
14. ●（并列句）He and his family were eating breakfast when the American soldiers entered the village and ordered them from their homes. 他们正在吃早饭突然美国兵闯进了村庄，命令他们离开家。(北师大版M8U23L3)
15. ●（并列句）The next morning I'd just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship. 第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘海船发现了我。（新人教必修3Unit3P18）
16. ●（并列句）Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. 牺牲品和创造者住在同一个物质世界，处理许多相同的客观现实，然而他们的生活经验是天壤之别。2012天津卷阅读D
15、 with复合结构、独立主格结构
●（with复合结构）Storms have been getting worse everywhere too, with a growing number of hurricanes hitting the US, and Central America. 暴风雨愈发四处肆虐，越来越多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲。(北师大版M8 U22L3)
●（with复合结构）On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them.在这个重要的节日里，人们会吃制成颅骨形状的食物，或装点有“骨头”的蛋糕。（新人教版必修3Unit1P2）
●（with复合结构）Two of our men then threw their equipment off and climbed out of the trench with their hands above their heads as our representatives. 我们的两个人作为代表，扔掉装备，从战壕中爬出来，手举在头上。(北师大版M8 U23L3)
●（独立主格）One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands, our boat full of fish. 一天，我的两个哥哥和我从那些岛回来，我们的船上装满了鱼。(北师大版M3 U7 L4)
●（独立主格）Wherever you go in America you can find highways, multi-storey car parks, drive-in cinemas and drive-through fast food restaurants, all built to suit the needs of car owners. 在美国无论你去哪儿，你都能发现高速公路、多层停车场、汽车影院、甲车通过式快餐店，所有这些都是为了满足开车人的需求。(北师大版M3 U9 Culture Corner)
l (独立主格) Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer, each designed to give them better cover from predators。(2012年浙江卷 阅读A)
（捕食者）。大多数这种兔子会把冬天时的白色皮毛变成夏季的棕色，每一种颜色的变化是为了让他们更好地避免捕食者的发现
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