hear you're feeling better.
听说你感觉好些了,我很高兴。
解析:不定式 to hear 的主语是句子的主语 I.
I must go to the bank and get some money.
我得上银行取点儿钱。
解析:情态动词后面接不带 to 不定式,也叫秃头不定式(bare infinitive)。
I just wanted to know if everything was all right.
我只是想知道是否一切都好。
解析:不定式 to know 的主语是句子的主语 I.
二、不定式的主语是主句中动词的直接宾语
Do you want me to take you to the airport?
你要我送你去机场吗?
解析:不定式 to take 的主句是主语动词 want 的直接宾语 me,也就是 to take 的动作执行者是 me.
You can't make him go if he doesn't want to.
如果他不想走,你就不能让他走。
解析:此句是使役动词 make 的用法:make sb do sth:不定式 go 的主语是主句动词 make 的直接宾语 him,也就是 go 的动作执行者是 him.
If you wait, I'll have someone collect it for you.
如果你等一下,我会叫人帮你拿的。
解析:此句是使役动词 have 的用法:have sb do sth;不定式 collect 的主语是主句动词 make 的直接宾语 him,也就是 go 的动作执行者是 him.
Why don't you get Nicole to come to the party?
你为什么不让妮可来参加聚会?
解析:此句是使役动词 get 的用法:get sb to do sth;不定式 to come 的主语是主句动词 get 的直接宾语 Nicole,也就是 to come 的动作执行者是 him.
Jacqui saw the car drive up outside the police station.
杰基看见那辆车开到警察局外面。
解析:不定式 drive up 的主语是主句动词 see 的直接宾语 the car,也就是 drive up 的动作执行者是 the car.
三、不定式的主语是介词 for 或 of 的宾语
It was really kind of you to help me.
你帮我的忙,我太感激了。
We're waiting for the rain to stop before we go out.
我们要等到雨停了再出去。
It's hard for old people to change their ways.
老年人难以改变他们的习惯。
四、不定式的主语是不确定的或广义的,如 you,one,we 或 people
It is sometimes difficult to accept the truth.
有时很难接受事实。
The rules didn't specify who to talk to in case of an emergency.
规则没有规定在紧急情况下与谁交谈。
五、不定式的主语没有体现,需要从具体的上下文判断
It must have been funny to see her in a tuxedo.
看到她穿着燕尾服一定很有趣。
Nice to meet you.
很高兴认识你。
It would be a mistake to hire him.
雇用他是错误的。
由此可见,无论是明的还是暗的,动词不定式都有主语,它存在于不同的句型中;只有准确地掌握它们,才能准确地使用和翻译不定式,否则很容易拆东墙补西墙或是张冠李戴。
就像动词是一个句子的核心一样,动词也是动词不定式的核心;句子可以没有主语(如祈使句),但是不可能没有动词,同样地,动词不定式都要有主语。
关注外语行天下,后期会更精彩。
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