Hello大家好!

有多少朋友每天早上都会来一碗燕麦粥或燕麦牛奶呢?而大家是否对燕麦带来的健康效应感兴趣呢?今天我们就来全面地了解一下燕麦的“前世今生”以及独特的健康益处吧!

燕麦的“身份证”

燕麦(学名Avena sativa)是禾本科植物中的一种谷物,特指燕麦草属植物中可食用的种子,而这些种子最终出现在了我们的早餐中。不论您是喜欢或是讨厌燕麦煮熟时那粘稠却又饱满的质地,它都因自身的营养价值和健康益处而备受推崇。美国食品药品监督管理局允许在食品标签上使用健康声明,其标注了全燕麦中β-葡聚糖可溶性纤维的摄入与冠心病的风险降低密切相关。[1] 由于燕麦片具有较高的水分和可溶性膳食纤维含量,它也是人们减肥和控制饥饿感的理想食物。

燕麦降血糖吗(燕麦的前世今生)(1)

燕麦的种类

燕麦根据其加工方式的不同分为了各种各样的类型。尽管钢切燕麦和即食燕麦的营养成分很相似,但它们对血糖的影响却大不相同。粗制燕麦(例如脱壳燕麦粒或钢切燕麦)通常需要更长的时间才能消化,因此其血糖指数低于燕麦片或即食燕麦。

燕麦降血糖吗(燕麦的前世今生)(2)

燕麦与健康

燕麦富含几种有益健康的成分。其中可溶性纤维的主要类型是β-葡聚糖,研究表明其有助于减缓消化、增加饱腹感和抑制食欲。β-葡聚糖可与肠道中富含胆固醇的胆汁酸相结合,通过消化道进行运输并最终排出体外。 全燕麦也含有名为“酚类化合物”和“植物雌激素”的植物化学物质,它们可作为抗氧化剂来减少慢性炎症的破坏作用,这些慢性炎症往往与多种类型的疾病(例如心血管疾病和糖尿病)密切相关。[2]

燕麦降血糖吗(燕麦的前世今生)(3)

燕麦降血糖吗(燕麦的前世今生)(4)

燕麦降血糖吗(燕麦的前世今生)(5)

燕麦降血糖吗(燕麦的前世今生)(6)

燕麦降血糖吗(燕麦的前世今生)(7)

麦片

你知道吗?

参考文献

  1. Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Food Labeling: Health Claims; Soluble Fiber From Certain Foods and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease. Accessed 12/28/2017.
  2. Bernstein AM, Titgemeier B, Kirkpatrick K, Golubic M, Roizen MF. Major cereal grain fibers and psyllium in relation to cardiovascular health. Nutrients. 2013 Apr 29;5(5):1471-87.
  3. Kelly SA, Hartley L, Loveman E, Colquitt JL, Jones HM, Al‐Khudairy L, Clar C, Germanò R, Lunn HR, Frost G, Rees K. Whole grain cereals for the primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The Cochrane Library. 2017 Jan 1.
  4. Tang G, Wang D, Long J, Yang F, Si L. Meta-analysis of the association between whole grain intake and coronary heart disease risk. Am J Cardiol. 2015 Mar 1;115(5):625-9.
  5. Helnæs A, Kyrø C, Andersen I, Lacoppidan S, Overvad K, Christensen J, Tjønneland A, Olsen A. Intake of whole grains is associated with lower risk of myocardial infarction: the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Feb 17;103(4):999-1007.
  6. Hou Q, Li Y, Li L, Cheng G, Sun X, Li S, Tian H. The metabolic effects of oats intake in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2015 Dec 10;7(12):10369-87.
  7. Li X, Cai X, Ma X, Jing L, Gu J, Bao L, Li J, Xu M, Zhang Z, Li Y. Short-and long-term effects of wholegrain oat intake on weight management and glucolipid metabolism in overweight type-2 diabetics: a randomized control trial. Nutrients. 2016 Sep 7;8(9):549.
  8. He LX, Zhao J, Huang YS, Li Y. The difference between oats and beta-glucan extract intake in the management of HbA1c, fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food funct. 2016;7(3):1413-28.
  9. Rebello CJ, O’Neil CE, Greenway FL. Dietary fiber and satiety: the effects of oats on satiety. Nutrition reviews. 2015 Dec 31;74(2):131-47.
  10. Slavin J. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients. 2013 Apr 22;5(4):1417-35.
,