英国卓越英语学校(读英国DK大百科学英语)(1)

Private and public companies 私营和上市公司

While the owner-shareholders of a private company may buy and sell their shares privately (usually with director approval), any investor in the financial market can trade the shares of a Public company.

虽然私人公司的所有者-股东可以私下买卖他们的股份(通常经过董事批准),但金融市场上的任何投资者都可以交易上市公司的股份。

重点词汇

owner物主;所有人;船长

shareholders股东;(shareholder的复数)

private company私人公司

buy买;购;接受;相信;死亡;买到;获得;收买;换得;买下…的所有权;购买之物;购买

sell卖;出售;说服;兜售;欺骗;出卖;经销;售价为;卖光;卖完;失望

shares股份;一份;分担;市场占有率;(share的复数);分分配;分开;共同承担;(share的第三人称单数);(与…)分享

privately私下地;以私人方式;私底下

investor投资者;投资机构

financial market金融市场;财政市场;财务市场

public company公开招股公司;上市公司

Although most of the world’s companies are set up as private, public companies are seen as more prestigious and profitable.

尽管世界上大多数公司都是以私人公司的形式成立的,但上市公司被认为更有声望,也更有利可图。

For business ventures requiring large amounts of capital, a public company offers greater opportunity for raising funds, since shares can be sold to public investors to generate cash.

对于需要大量资金的企业来说,上市公司提供了更大的筹集资金的机会,因为股票可以出售给公众投资者来产生现金。

Private companies must rely on private investors or use the capital investment of their owners.

私营公司必须依靠私人投资者或使用其所有者的资本投资。

Public companies are subject to more stringent legal controls than private ones, and are expected to disclose financial details.

上市公司受到比私人公司更严格的法律控制,预计将披露财务细节。

27million the number of companies in the US, fewer than 1% of which are public.

美国有2700万家公司,其中上市公司不到1%。

重点词汇

prestigious有威信的;有威望的;有声望的;地位显赫的

profitable有利可图的;有赢利的;有益的;有用的

ventures敢于冒险;敢做;(用…进行)投机;(venture的第三人称单数);冒险;企业;风险;(venture的复数)

amounts of大量的;相当数量的

public company公开招股公司;上市公司

sold to卖给;出售给;销往

rely on依靠, 依赖, 依托

capital investment资本投资;资本投入;投资资本

stringent严格的;严厉的;精确的;严密的

disclose泄漏;透露;暴露

FAMOUS PRIVATE COMPANIES 著名的私营公司

Mars

Confectionery and pet food; third-largest private US company

玛氏

糖果和宠物食品;美国第三大私营公司

rolex

Swiss-based English company making status-symbol watches

劳力士手表

总部设在瑞士的英国公司制造地位象征手表

LEGO

Danish company producing household-name toy bricks

乐高

丹麦公司生产家喻户晓的玩具砖

Hearst Corporation

Mass-media multinational based in New York City

赫斯特公司

总部设在纽约市的大众媒体跨国公司

IKEA

Swedish retailer registered in Netherlands selling flatpack furniture

宜家家居(瑞典公司)

瑞典零售商在荷兰注册销售平板家具

PwC

Largest professional services network

普华永道

最大的专业服务网络

重点词汇

confectionery糖果和巧克力;糖果店

pet food宠物食品;宠物粮食;宠物食物

third-largest第三大

rolex劳力士手表(瑞士手表品牌)

symbol象征;符号;标志

watches观察;注视;看守;监视;(watch的第三人称单数);观看;守侯;手表;值班;值班人员;(watch的复数)

bricks砖;砖块;(brick的复数);用砖墙围起;用砖砌;用砖堵住;(brick的第三人称单数)

multinational多国的;在多国经营的;在多国有分支的;跨国公司

retailer零售商;零售店;传播的人

furniture家具;附件;装置;习惯看法;惯常的见解;步枪底托;大空铅;填空材料

Differences between private and public companies

私营公司和上市公司之间的区别

Private company directors have to weigh up the potential capital increase of floating on the stock exchange against the legal red tape aimed at protecting public shareholders.

私营公司董事必须权衡在证交所上市可能带来的增资,与旨在保护公众股东的法律繁文缛节之间的关系。

2,497 companies are listed on the London Stock Exchange

2497家公司在伦敦证券交易所上市

重点词汇

differences差异;分歧;不同;(difference的复数);区别;区分;(difference的第三人称单数)

private company私人公司

directors董事;导演;主管;负责人;(director的复数)

weigh up称量;衡量;掂量

floating漂浮的;悬浮的;不固定的;浮动的;可变的

stock exchange证券市场;证券交易所;证券交易价格

red tape繁文缛节, 官僚习气, 繁琐手续

protecting保护;投保;(protect的现在分词)

shareholders股东;(shareholder的复数)

listed列入文物保护建筑名录的;伦敦股票交易所主板市场的

Private 私营公司

Directors

Usually control all of the shares.

董事

通常控制所有股份。

Reporting

In the UK, it is mandatory to file accounts at Companies House; no disclosure is required outside the company in the US.

报告

在英国,在“公司之家”(Companies House)提交账户是强制性的; 在美国以外的公司不需要披露。

Shareholders and management

Shareholders are often actively involved in management so decisions can be made quickly

股东和管理层

股东通常积极参与管理,因此可以快速做出决策

Financing

Company must rely on private investment, which is often harder to attract because there are fewer financial details available.

融资

公司必须依赖私人投资,而私人投资往往更难吸引,因为可获得的财务细节较少。

Valuation

Value of the company is more likely to fluctuate; it is more difficult to assess because there are fewer available financial details.

估值

公司的价值更有可能波动;由于可获得的财务细节较少,评估难度更大。

Size

Number of shareholders is limited, usually to fewer than 2,000.

大小

股东人数有限,通常少于2000人。

重点词汇

directors董事;导演;主管;负责人;(director的复数)

mandatory法律规定的;强制的;必须遵守的;命令(性)的;受托人;受委任统治国(同MANDATARY)

disclosure披露;泄密;披露(或泄漏)的事实

shareholders

股东;(shareholder的复数)

rely on依靠, 依赖, 依托

harder更困难的;更硬的;更冷酷无情的;更努力的;(hard的比较级);更努力地;更猛烈地;更严重地

attract引来;吸引;引起;诱惑;激起;使(人)产生兴趣

fewer较少的;很少;几个;不多的;(few的比较级);较少数

valuation估价;评定价值;估定价值

fluctuate不规则波动;起伏

Public 上市公司

Directors

Not necessarily shareholders.

董事

不一定是股东。

Reporting

Company has legal obligation to disclose accounts and submit regular financial reports.

报告

公司有披露帐目和定期提交财务报告的法律义务。

Shareholders and management

Clear boundary is drawn between the role of shareholders and management; there may be conflicts of interest between them.

股东和管理层

明确界定股东和管理层的角色;他们之间可能有利益冲突。

Financing

Company can tap financial markets to raise capital by selling stock or bonds.

融资

公司可以利用金融市场通过出售股票或债券来筹集资金。

Valuation

Value of the company is easier to assess, from the trading price of shares and financial statements.

估值

公司的价值更容易通过股票交易价格和财务报表来评估。

Size

Number of shareholders is unlimited.

大小

股东人数不限。

重点词汇

not necessarily不一定, 未必

legal obligation法律义务

disclose泄漏;透露;暴露

financial reports财务报告;财政报告;金融报告

clear boundary边界清晰

conflicts of interest利益冲突;利益的冲突;利益冲突问题

financial markets金融市场;财务市场

raise capital筹集资本;募集资本;筹集资金

valuation估价;评定价值;估定价值

unlimited无限量的;无限制的;无尽的;无限责任的;无限解的

GOING PUBLIC 上市

There are legal requirements at each stage of converting a company from private to public, not least voting in the board of directors and deciding on a new name.

在将一家公司从私人公司转变为上市公司的每个阶段都有法律要求,尤其是在董事会投票和决定新名称。

Choose board members

Usually at least three directors to allow future board decisions to be made with only two members present (representing a majority)

选择董事会成员

通常至少有三个董事,以便在只有两名成员在场的情况下做出未来的董事会决定(代表多数)。

Inform staff

Must notify in writing anyone with an interest (including employees and proposed board members) that company intends to go public

通知员工

必须书面通知任何与公司有利害关系的人(包括雇员和拟议的董事会成员)公司打算上市

Vote for conversion

Board meeting held to vote in favour of changing company’s Articles of Association (specifying private or public company)

投票赞成转换

为表决改变公司章程(指明私营或上市公司)而举行的董事会会议

Register company

Documents setting out board resolutions sent to company registry, which issues certificate declaring the company is public

注册公司

董事会决议的文件送交公司注册处,公司注册处发出证明公司为公众公司的证书

Make public announcement

Press releases issued, events for business held, and emails sent to inform contacts of change

公开宣布

发布新闻稿,举办业务活动,并发送电子邮件通知联系人的变化

重点词汇

not least尤其是

be made with用…做的

go public公之于世, 公开(秘密等);成为上市公司

vote for为...投票;表决;投票赞成

board meeting董事会, 理事会

articles of association协会条款;章程的规定;章程条款

public company公开招股公司;上市公司

register company注册公司

setting out测设;设定;出发

declaring断言;宣称;申报;宣布结束赛局;叫(牌)定约;求爱;宣布参选;宣告;宣布;宣告(或宣布)…为;(declare的现在分词)

Unquoted /unlisted company

Another term for a private company

非挂牌/非上市公司

私营公司的另一种说法

Initial public offering (IPO)

Stock-market launch

首次公开募股(IPO)

股市启动

Secondary stock offering

Second-round sale of shares to raise more capital

二次发行股票

第二轮出售股份以筹集更多资金

Ticker symbols

Unique codes assigned to publicly traded companies and used by stock exchanges

股票代码

分配给上市公司并由证券交易所使用的独特代码

重点词汇

unquoted未上市的

unlisted未编入册的;不在册的;未上市的;未列入保护名录的

private company私人公司

initial public offering首次公开发行股票;新股上市

stock offering股票发行;募股;股票增发

ticker表;自动收报机;自动收录器;电子指示器;心脏

symbols符号;象征;标志;(symbol的复数);(symbol的第三人称单数)

assigned to被分配给

publicly公开地;公然地;当众地;在公开场合;在公众面前;国有

traded交易;交换;做生意;(trade的过去式和过去分词)

,