What were you doing when the rainstorm came?一.重点词汇,下面我们就来说一说关于八下英语人教版十单元?我们一起去了解并探讨一下这个问题吧!

八下英语人教版十单元(人教版八下英语5单元What)

八下英语人教版十单元

What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

一.重点词汇

1. Rainstorm n. 暴风雨

[拓展] downpour 倾盆大雨 thunderstorm 雷阵雨

shower 阵雨 drizzle 毛毛雨

2. Alarm n. 警报;警报器;闹钟

Set the alarm for 时间点 设几点的闹钟

例如:I set the alarm for 7 o’clock.

我设了7点钟的闹钟。

3. Go off (闹钟)发出响声

[go off的其他含义]

go off 离开

例如: He went off early this morning.

他今天早上早早地离开了。

go off (食物,饮料)变质,变坏

例如:The milk in the fridge goes off.

冰箱里的牛奶变质了。

go off (电灯)熄灭;(电)中断

例如:Suddenly, the lights go off.

灯突然灭了。

4. Begin v. 开始; 同义词为:start

[常见短语搭配] to begin with 首先,起初

begin with 以...开始

begin to do sth = begin doing sth 开始做某事

at the beginning of 在...的开端

begin的过去式为:began; 过去分词为:begun

5. Heavily adv. 在很大程度上;大量地;沉重地;沉闷地

该词可表示“雨雪”下得很大。

例如: In summer, it often rains heavily with strong wind in Southern China.

夏天,中国南方经常下大雨,刮强风。

6. Suddenly adv. 突然;忽然= of a sudden

sudden adj. 突然的;意外的

7. pick up 接电话= Pick up the phone=answer the phone

[拓展延伸]pick up 的其他含义

Pick up 捡起,拾起

You should pick up the paper on the floor.

你应该捡起地上的纸。

Pick up 整理;收拾

Let’s pick up the living room.

让我们收拾下客厅吧。

Pick up 搭载;开车接某人

Can you come and pick me up at the airport?

你能来机场接下我吗?

Pick up (偶然)得到,学到

She picked up Spanish when she was living in Mexico.

她旅居墨西哥时顺便学会了西班牙语。

8. Strange adj. 奇怪的;奇特的;strangely adv. 奇怪地

[strange]还有“陌生的;不熟悉的”的含义;

stranger 意为“陌生人”;

9. Wind n. 风(可数名词),复数形式为winds;

windy adj. 多风的

10. Light n. 光,光线;光亮(不可数名词)

The sun gives us light and heat.

太阳赐予我们光和热。

[light的其他含义]

(1) 电灯(作可数名词)

Please turn on all the lights.

请把所有灯都打开

(2) 轻的(作形容词),其反义词为heavy

This box is light, he can carry it easily.

这个箱子比较轻,他能轻易地拿起来。

(3) 浅色的(作形容词),反义词为dark “深色的”

I like light green,rather than dark green.

我喜欢淡绿色,而不是深绿。

(4) 明亮的,(作形容词)反义词为dark “暗淡的。暗的”

It is a light room with big windows.

这个房间有大窗户,很亮堂。

(5) 点燃(作动词),其过去式和过去分词均为lit.

Let’s light the candles!

我们把蜡烛点燃吧!

11. Report v.&n. 报道;公布

(1) 作动词时,后面可以接名词,代词及that引导的宾语从句。

The press reported the event.

报社报道了这件事。

The news on TV reported that it was going to rain in this area.

电视新闻报道这个地区将有雨。

[拓展]

(1) It is/was reported that 意为“据报道...”

It is reported that many school have classes about first aid.

据报道很多学校开设了急救课程。

(2) Reporter n. 记者

She is a TV reporter and she is always busy.

她是一名电视台记者,她总是很忙。

12. Area n. 地区,区域;面积

This area is good for planting trees.

这个地区有利于种树。

The area of this office is 50 square meters.

这个办公室的面积是50平方米。

13. wood n. 木头;木(不可数名词)

A piece of wood 一块木头

...pieces of wood ...块木头

Her house is made of wood.

她的房子是木头做的。

[拓展]wood 做可数名词可意为“森林”,常用复数形式woods.

She got lost in the woods.

她在森林里迷路了。

14. Match n. 火柴(可数名词)

[拓展]match 还可以意为“比赛”

They are watching a football match on TV at home now.

他们现在在家里看足球比赛。

match 还可以作动词,意为“与...匹配”

This silk scarf is pretty and matches the shirt very well.

这条丝巾很漂亮,和她的衬衫很搭。

15. Beat v. 敲打;打败

其过去式为beat, 过去分词为beaten

She was beating the door with her hands.

他正用手击打着门。

We often beat them in basketball.

在篮球上我们经常打败他们。

Beat sb in sth 在某方面战胜/赢得某人

Beat & win

win意为“获胜,赢得,赢”,指在竞赛或战争中获得胜利,其宾语多为比赛,战争,奖品,金钱或奖牌等名词。

beat意为“打败”,指在游戏或竞赛中击败对手,其宾语是比赛或竞争的对手,通常为人。

[语境串记]

In the end, the famous Chinese basketball player beat the one from the other country and won the match.

最后,中国著名的篮球运动员打败了另一个国家的篮球队,进而赢得了比赛。

16. Against prep. 倚;靠;撞

例如:The child knocked hi head against the tree.

那个小孩把头到了树上。

The worker put the chair against the wall.

这个工人把椅子斜靠在墙上。

[拓展]against还有以下含义:

(1) 与...相反,逆着...

(2) 反对

(3) 与...比赛

We were walking against the strong wind.

我们顶着大风前行。

They are against the plan.

他们反对这个计划。

Our class will win the game against Class Two.

我们班将会赢得这场与二班的比赛。

17. at first 起初;首先

At first 是介词短语,在句中作状语,相当于in/at the beginning。其反义词是at last,“最终;终于”。

At first, first of all & first的区别

At first 起初;起先。[表示时间上的先后。]

First of all 首先;第一。[一般表达的是内容中最重要的一点]

First 第一,首先。[表示要做的事情的先后顺序中的第一步]

18. asleep adj. 睡着

[辨析]Sleepy, sleep, asleep, sleeping

Sleepy adj. 困倦的;瞌睡的。可作表语和定语

Asleep adj. 睡着。通常作表语不作定语。

Sleep v.&n. 睡觉;睡眠

Sleeping adj. 用作睡觉的; 如:sleeping bag 睡袋

语境记忆:The boy was so sleepy that he fell asleep in the sleeping bag. He needs sleep now, don’t make any noise.

那个男孩太困了,以至于他在睡袋里睡着了。他现在需要睡觉,不要制造噪音。

19. Die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失

[与die相关短语]

die away 变弱 die out 灭绝

die of/from 死于...

20. Realize v. 意识到,认识到;理解;领会

realize一般不用于进行时态。

He realized his mistake.

他意识到了自己的错误。

realize还有“实现”的含义。主语一般是人,后面常接dream,goal等表示目标或梦想的名词作宾语。

Finally, Tom realized his dream of becoming a writer.

最终,汤姆实现了他的作家梦。

21. have a look 看一眼,看一看

与have a n. 有关的短语

have a try 试一试 have a meeting 开会

have a rest 休息一下 have a walk 散步

have a drink 喝饮料 have a talk 谈话

22. Make one’s way 前往;费力地前进

make one’s way to/towards 地点。前往某地

We are making our way to school now.

我们现在正赶往学校。

[拓展]与way有关的短语

all the way 一路上,一直 lose one’s way 迷路

on one’s way (to) 在某人去某地的路上

by the way 顺便说一句

in a way 在某种程度上

in the/one’s way 挡路,妨碍

23. In silence 沉默,缄默,无声

该词为副词短语,是in n. 的结构。修饰动词

silent adj. 沉默的,无声的

keep silent 保持沉默 be silent 沉默的

24. Completely adv. 完全地;彻底地

由complete ly 构成。

complete adj. 完整的,完全的,彻底的

complete还可以作动词,意为“完成,使完满;填写(表格)”

25. Date n. 日期;日子

[常用句型] ---What’s the date today? 今天是几号?

---it's April the 15th. 今天是4月15日。

date还有“约会;”或“和...约会”之意。

I have a date with my friend today.

今天我和我朋友有个约会。

26. truth n. 实情;真相;事实

[短语] (to) tell the truth 说实话

true adj. 真实的,正确的

truly adv. 真正地;真诚地

二.重点句型及语法

1. My alarm didn’t go off so I woke up late.

Wake up 意为“醒来”,用作不及物动词,其后不能接宾语。

I usually wake up at 6:20 in the morning.

我通常在早上6点起床。

Wake up还有“把...叫醒”之意。此时为“动词 副词”型短语,其后接的宾语如果是代词时,代词要放在这两个词之间。

My mom woke me up at 7:00 this morning.

我妈妈今天早上7点钟叫醒了我。

2. I called again at eight and you didn’t answer either.

either在此处为副词,意为“也”。用于否定句中。

either也可以表示“(两者中的)任何一个”

either还可以作限定词,意为“(两者中)任一的”,修饰可数名词单数。

短语:either ... or ... 要么...要么... (连接两个主语时,用就近原则)

You can take either of the dress.

你可以带走两件裙子中的任何一件。

You can walk on either side of the road.

这条街的两边你都可以走。

3. With no light outside, it felt like midnight.

(1)该句中,with no light outside 是“with (no) n. adv.”结构,在此表示一种伴随状况,该结构有时暗含着某种因果关系,可翻译为“由于...;因为...”。

The city looks more beautiful with lights on.

城市灯都亮起来的时候,更加漂亮。

She likes sleeping with the light on.

她喜欢睡觉开着灯。

(3) Feel like 感觉像。后面接名词和动词-ing形式作宾语。

Taking a hot balloon feels like flying in the sky.

坐热气球感觉像在天空飞翔。

Feel like 还可以意为“想要”。Feel like doing sth 想要做某事。相当于want to do sth.

I feel like eating something sour.

我想要吃一些酸的东西。

4. ...while his mom was making sure the flashlight and radio were working.

(1) make sure 确保,确认;查明。常见用法如下:

make sure (that)从句 确保...

make sure of (doing) sth. 确保(做)某事

When we read a piece of news online, we’d better make sure to it’s true before sending it to others.

当我们在网上看到一则新闻时,在转发给他人之前最好确保它是真实的。

(2) Work 运作;运转

My watch works well now because it is new.

我的表走的很准,因为是新的。

5. Fallen trees, broken windows and rubbish were everywhere.

fallen在此处作形容词,意为“落下的;倒下的”。在名词前作定语。如:fallen leaves 落叶

fallen还是动词fall(落下,掉落)的过去分词形式。

Some books have fallen on the floor.

一些书掉到地上了。

6. How can we help each other in times of difficulty.

in times of 意为“在...时期/的时候”。后面常接一些抽象名词,如:trouble, stress, celebration等名词。

A true friend can reach for your hand in times of difficulty.

一个真正的朋友会在你困难的时候向你伸出援手。

7. You are kidding!

kid在此是动词,有“开玩笑;欺骗”的含义。它的现在分词是kidding,一般过去式是kidded.

I’m just kidding! 我只是开玩笑的。

kid还有“小孩”的含义,正式用语为child.

8. On this day, Dr. Martin Luther King was killed.

在本句子中was killed是一般过去时的被动语态结构,表示“被杀害”。当不必说明动作的执行者是谁或者不知道动作的执行者是谁的时候,可以省略by sb.

The house was built ten years ago.

这座房子建于10年前。

9. ...and we finished the rest of our dinner in silence.

The rest of 其余的;剩下的。该结构作主语时,谓语动词的数与of后的名词或代词的数形式上要保持一致。

Mary was reading, the rest of the women were sleeping.

玛丽在看书,其他的妇女在睡觉。

The rest of the milk in the glass is bad.

杯子里剩下的牛奶坏了。

10. ...I looked out of the window and realized that it was true.

Look out of 向外看

If you look out of the window, you will see many beautiful flowers.

如果你向窗外看,你会看到很多漂亮的花。

[拓展]look out 当心,小心;留神

Look out! There is a car coming.

小心!有车来了。

11. I was so scared that i could hardly think clearly after that.

hardly作副词,意为“几乎不;几乎没有”。有否定含义。当hardly出现在反义疑问句中时,后面的附加疑问句部分要用肯定形式。有类似用法的词还有seldom(很少), never(从不), few(很少)等。

We hardly have time to take a walk after school, don’t we?

放学后我们几乎没有时间散步,不是吗?

12. I had trouble thinking clearly after that because I was very afraid.

Have trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth. 做某事有困难

I have difficulty riding this bike.

我无法骑这辆自行车。

13. But when I pointed it out to my friend, it went away.

(1) Point out 是“动词 副词”的结构,代词作宾语时,只能放在point 与out之间。意为“指出”。

(2) Point to 意为“指向”,所指的物体比较远,point at意为“指着”,所指的物体比较近。

(3) go away 消失;走开;离开

The smell didn’t go away.

气味还没消失。

You should go away for a while to keep quiet.

为了保持安静,你应该离开下。

14. ...the television news reported that other people had seen the light As well.

As well 意为“也”,用于肯定句中,一般放在句末。

He speaks English and French as well.

他也会说英语和法语。

As well, also, too与either的区别

As well表示“也,还”,通常位于肯定句中,多用于口语,只放在句末,其前没有逗号。

also用法比too正式,多用于书面语或正式语体中,用于肯定句,放在句中,位于系动词,助动词,情态动词之后,实义动词前。

too常于用口语,一般用于肯定句中,也可以用于一般疑问句,放在句末,其前有逗号与前面的句子隔开。

either只能用在否定句中,表示“也不”,放在句末,其前用逗号,其后用句号。

He can speak English and he can also speak Spanish.

If you buy a car, you’ll need a parking place, too.

My brother doesn’t like apples, I don’t like, either.

三.语法

(一). 进行时态

1. 概念:表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。

2. 构成:过去进行时由“助动词was/were 动词的过去分词”构成。was用于主语是第一人称和第三人称单数的句子中,were用于主语是第二人称单数和各种人称复数的句子中。

3.用法

(1)表示某一时刻正在进行的动作,与特定的过去时间状语连用,常见的时间有at 7:00 last night, at this time, at that time, at that moment等。

I was having dinner at that time last night.

昨晚那个时候我正在吃晚餐。

(2)表示过去某段时间内正在进行的动作。

We were building a house last winner.

去年冬天我们在建房子。

4. 使用进行时态应注意的事项

(1)过去进行时和一般过去时的区别:过去进行时

表示过去正在进行的动作,而一般过去时则表示一个已经完成的动作,只是说明这样一个事实。

They were writing letters to their friends last night.

昨晚他们在给他们的朋友写信。(没有说明是否写完)

They wrote letters to their friends last night.

他们昨天晚上写信给他们的朋友了。(已经写给他们朋友了,动作已经完成)

.(2)when和while引导的时间状语从句的区别:when可以指时间点,也可以指时间段,从句中可用延续性动词,也可以用短暂性动词。While总是指一个时间段,从句中只能用延续性动词。

Mary was having dinner when I saw her.

当我看到玛丽的时候,她正在吃晚餐。

I was doing my homework while h was listening to music.

我在做作业的时候他在听音乐。

(二)被动语态

原文呈现:(1)Dr. Martin Luther King was killed.

(2)...when the World Trade Center was taken down by terrorists.

被动语态的结构:be 动词的过去分词 ( by sb./sth.)。表示某件事被做,意为“...被(某人/某物)...”。By sb. /sth.有时候不写明是不知道动作的执行者,有时候是没有必要写出来。

例如:The glass is broken by the little boy .

这个玻璃杯被这个小男孩打碎了。

The road was built ten years ago.

这条路是十年前修的。

,