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状语从句
状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较和让步状语从句，共9种，是每年必考的语法项目，主要考查连词的判断选用，主句与从句谓语动词的时态运用。其中，以对时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句和结果状语从句的考查最为频繁。近几年，重点考查的连词有：when，while，as，before，unless，however等。近三年，高考有考查状语从句、宾语从句、名词性从句交叉运用的题型出现。
1．(2013·北京，30)I took my driving license with me on holiday，________I wanted to hire a car.
A．in case B．even if
C．ever since D．if only
解析 考查状语从句。句意：假期时我带上我的驾照，以防万一我想租一辆车。故选A。
答案 A
2．(2013·湖南，23)You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason________you reach any decision.
A．although B．before C．because D．unless
解析 考查状语从句。根据句意：在你做任何决定之前，你得学会顾及到你的感觉和你做此决定的原因，可知答案为B(在……之前)。
答案 B
3．(2013·江苏，28)In the global economy，a new drug for cancer，________it is discovered，will create many economic possibilities around the world.
A．whatever B．whoever C．wherever D．whichever
解析 考查状语从句。此处考查－ever引导的让步状语从句。通过分析从句，可知句子不缺少主干成分，故排除代词A、B、D三项，故答案选C。
答案 C
4．(2013·江西，28)She says that she'll have to close the shop ________ business improves.
A．if B．unless C．after D．when
解析 考查状语从句。根据句意：如果生意没有好转，她就只得关店铺。unless＝if...not(如果不)，故答案选B。
答案 B
5．(2013·辽宁，24)One can always manage to do more things，no matter________full one's schedule is in life.
A．how B．what C．when D．where
解析 考查状语从句。此处考查no matter...引导的让步状语从句。副词how修饰形容词或副词，横线后为形容词full，故选how。no matter how＝ however(无论如何)。
答案 A
6．(2013·山东，26)Mark needs to learn Chinese________his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
A．unless B．until C．although D．since
解析 考查状语从句。句意：Mark需要学习汉语是因为他的公司要在北京开分公司。连词since表“由于，因为”符合语境。
答案 D
7．(2013·山东，28)________I have to give a speech，I get extremely nervous before I start.
A．Whatever B．Whenever C．Whoever D．However
解析 考查状语从句。句意：每当我得做演讲的时候，开始之前我就会变得极度的紧张。根据句意选B(每当，无论什么时候)。
答案 B
8．(2013·陕西，18)I have heard a lot of good things about you ________ I came back from abroad.
A．since B．until C．before D．when
解析 考查状语从句。根据句意及主从句时态即可判断为A项，因为since从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。句意：自从我从国外回来，我已经听说了关于你的许多好的事情。
答案 A
9．(2013·四川，7)He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son________he wants to.
A．even if B．as if C．because D．before
解析 考查状语从句。根据句意：他如此繁忙。他不可能抽出足够的时间来陪他的儿子——即便是他想那样做。可知答案选A。
答案 A
10．(2013·重庆，25)________ we have enough evidence，we can't win the case.
A．Once B．As long as C．Unless D．Since
解析 考查状语从句。根据句意：除非我们有足够的证据，否则这个案子我们不能取胜，可知选C。
答案 C
【典例1】 He smiled politely ________ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.(2012·山东)
A．as B．if C．unless D．though
解析 考查时间状语从句。句意：当Mary为她醉酒的朋友而道歉的时候，他有礼貌地笑了笑。此处as引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。
答案 A
【典例2】 He had no sooner finished his speech________ the students started cheering.(2011·辽宁)
A．since B．as
C．when D．than
解析 考查时间状语从句。此句含有一个固定句型，即no sooner...than...“一……就……”。句意：他的演讲刚结束同学们就欢呼起来。
答案 D
【典例3】 I'm sorry you've been waiting so long，but it'll still be some time ________ Brian gets back.(2008·北京)
A．before B．since C．till D．after
解析 考查状语从句。本题使用了“it be＋一段时间＋before引导的从句”句型，表示“在……之前还需要一段时间，一段时间之后发生某事”。后面句子的含义：不过Brian还要过一会儿才能回来。
答案 A
1．(2011·四川)As is reported，it is 100 years ________ Qinghua University was founded.
A．when B．before C．after D．since
解析 根据主从句中用的时态、主句中的“100 years”以及从句中的“was founded”可知，这显然用的是“It be＋一段时间＋since...”这一句型。since与短暂性动词连用，表示“自……以来已有多长时间”；since与延续性动词连用，表示“自从不做某事有多长时间了”。本句中的“founded”是一个短暂性动词，从动作发生时算起。句意：正如所报道的，自清华大学建立以来已有100年的时间了。
答案 D
2．(2010·新课标全国)Mary made coffee ________ her guests were finishing their meal.
A．so that B．although C．while D．as if
解析 考查状语从句中连词的选择。句意：趁客人们正在吃饭，玛丽煮好了咖啡。while表示“在……期间”，符合语意。
答案 C
3．(2010·福建)The girl had hardly rung the bell ________ the door was opened suddenly，and her friend rushed out to greet her.
A．before B．until C．as D．since
解析 这个女孩刚一(几乎还没有)按门铃，门突然就被打开了，她的朋友冲出来迎接她。hardly...before“几乎还没有……就……”，“刚一……就……”，暗含“快”的意思。
答案 A
1．before的译法
before的基本意义是“在……之前”，但在不同的语境中可灵活翻译为“(没过多久)就……”，“(过多久)才……”，“还没来得及……就……”，“趁……(还没有)时”。例如：
It won't be long before the problem is solved.
用不了多久这个问题就能解决。
It was two years before we met again.
我们两年后才再次见面。
She shut the door before I could say a word.
我还没来得及说句话，她就把门关上了。
We have to act quickly before things become worse.
我们必须趁事态还没恶化时尽快采取行动。
2．可引导时间状语从句的名词词组及副词
名词词组the moment，the instant，the minute，the first time，each time，every time等以及副词immediately，instantly等也可起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。例如：
I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我感觉很不好。
The fans cheered loudly the moment their favourite singer appeared on stage.
喜欢的歌手一上台，歌迷们就大声欢呼。
I'll inform you immediately there's any change.
如果情况有变，我会马上通知你。
【典例4】 —Since you like the car so much，why not buy it?
—________，I can't afford it.
A．As I like it much B．Much as I like it
C．I like it as much D．As much I like it
解析 as引导让步状语从句，需要将作表语的名词或形容词、作状语的副词或动词原形提到句首，引起倒装。句意：——既然你如此喜欢那辆车，为什么不买呢？——尽管我很喜欢，但是我买不起。
答案 B
【典例5】 ________ hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.(2012·湖南)
A．However B．Whatever C．Whichever D．Whenever
解析 考查状语从句。空格后面的hard是副词，所以选However，However在此引导让步状语从句。句意：不论你怎么努力，你如果不减少进食的量就很难减肥。
答案 A
【典例6】 ________ volleyball is her main focus，she's also great at basketball.(2011·北京)
A．Since B．Once C．Unless D．While
解析 考查让步状语从句。根据主句内容可知，她也擅长打篮球，由此可知排球是她的强项，故选while“尽管”引导让步状语从句。不少考生不知while有此含义，容易误选其他选项。
答案 D
4．________ he comes or not，the result will be the same.
A．Even if B．Whether C．No matter D．Although
解析 whether...or...引导让步状语从句。句意：不论他来还是不来，结果都一样。
答案 B
5．________ the jewels were locked in a strong box，the thieves stole them without any difficulty.
A．If B．Unless C．Although D．Because
解析 句意：尽管珠宝被锁在一个结实的箱子里，小偷还是毫不费力地偷走了它们。故此处用Although引导让步状语从句。
答案 C
6．________，Carolina couldn't get the door open.
A．Try as she might B．As she might try
C．She might try as D．Might as she try
解析 此处as引导让步状语从句，把谓语的一部分即动词try提到句首。故答案为A。
答案 A
as引导的让步状语从句
as引导让步状语从句时，要把作表语的形容词、名词，作状语的副词或谓语的一部分提到句首，如果是单数名词作表语，把它提到句首时，其前不用冠词。具体分为以下几类：
1“名词＋as＋主语＋其他”构成让步状语从句，单数名词前不加冠词。如：
Scientist as he is，he is still as modest as before.不能用although，scientist前不用冠词
2“动词＋as＋主语＋其他”构成让步状语从句。如：
Struggle as he might，he was not able to get out.不能用although
3“形容词＋as＋主语＋其他”构成让步状语从句。如：
Crazy as his ideas may sound，some people think there is something in them.不能用although
4“副词＋as＋主语＋谓语”构成让步状语从句。如：
Much as I have traveled，I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.不能用although
【典例7】 I have a tight budget for the trip，so I'm not going to fly ________ the airlines lower ticket prices.(2012·上海，32)
A．once B．if C．after D．unless
解析 句意：我旅行的预算很吃紧，所以不打算坐飞机，除非航空公司降低票价。考查状语从句。unless相当于if...not，符合前后句的逻辑。
答案 D
【典例8】 One's life has value ________ one brings value to the life of others.(2012·江苏，30)
A．so that B．no matter how
C．as long as D．except that
解析 句意：只要一个人给其他人的生活带来了价值，他的生命就有价值。本题考查条件状语从句。so that以便；no matter how无论如何；as long as只要；except that除了。
答案 C
【典例9】 You can borrow my car ________ you promise not to drive too fast.(2012·江西，31)
A．unless B．even if
C．in case D．as long as
解析 句意：只要你答应不开得太快，我就可以把车借给你。本题考查条件状语从句。unless＝if...not如果不；even if即使；in case以防，以上三项均不符合语境。
答案 D
7．(2012·福建，30)It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties ________ it gets more financial support from the European Union.
A．if B．unless C．because D．since
解析 句意：希腊政府很难克服目前的困难，除非从欧盟获取更多的经济支持。本题考查条件状语从句。if如果；unless除非；because因为；since自从。
答案 B
8．—Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?
—I don't mind where we go ________ there's sun，sea and beach.
A．as if B．as long as
C．now that D．in order that
解析 句意：——你们暑假有什么打算？——我们去什么地方都行，只要有阳光、大海和沙滩就可以了。as long as只要，引导条件状语从句；as if好像，now that既然，in order that为了，均不符合语境要求。
答案 B
9．—Do you have a minute？I've got something to tell you.
—OK，________ you make it short.
A．now that B．if only
C．so long as D．every time
解析 句意：——你有时间吗？我有事要给你说。——好的，只要你长话短说。考查一组短语作连词的用法。now that既然，由于，引导原因状语从句；if only要是……就好了，用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的情况；so long as只要，表示条件；every time每次，每当，表示时间。
答案 C
1．条件状语从句的引导词
引导条件状语从句的词(组)主要有if“如果”，unless“如果不，除非”，so/as long as“只要”，on condition that“只要，条件是”，providing/provided(that)“假如”，in case(that)“如果”。
注意：条件状语从句中的if不能用whether替换。
2．if only与only if之间的区别
(1)if only意为“但愿，要是……就好了”，其后常用虚拟语气。
If only he had followed the doctor's advice，he would not suffer so much now.
(2)only if意为“只要，只有”引导真实条件句。置于句首时，其后的主句要用部分倒装语序。
Only if you finish your work before nine can you go out to play.
【典例10】 A number of high buildings have arisen ________ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.(2012·山东)
A．when B．where C．before D．until
解析 句意：很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方拔地而起。where引导地点状语从句；而when，before和until都引导时间状语从句。
答案 B
【典例11】 Leave your key with your neighbor ________ you lock yourself out one day.(2012·辽宁)
A．as long as B．even though
C．in case D．as if
解析 句意：留一把钥匙给你的邻居，以防哪天你把自己锁在门外。根据句意可知，此处用in case引导目的状语从句，in case表示“以防，免得”。
答案 C
【典例12】 —Did you return Fred's call?
—I didn't need to ________ I'll see him tomorrow.
A．though B．unless C．when D．because
解析 句意：——你给Fred回电话了吗？——我没必要回，因为明天我就会见到他。though虽然；unless除非；when当……的时候；because因为。
答案 D
【典例13】 Jack wasn't saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him ________ he had done something very clever.(2011·湖南)
A．as if B．in case C．while D．thought
解析 句意：Jack什么也没说，但老师向他笑了笑，好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。as if意为“似乎，好像”，引导方式状语从句。
答案 A
【典例14】 I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day，________ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
A．as B．which C．when D．though
解析 从语境看，这里用as引导方式状语从句，表示“正如，就像”，从句的主语较长，为了保持句子结构的平衡而使用了倒装语序，正确的语序是：as many businessmen...do。
答案 A
10．(2011·山东)He had his camera ready ________ he saw something that would make a good picture.
A．even if B．if only C．in case D．so that
解析 句意：他准备好了相机，万一看见能拍一张好照片的东西(就可以拍下来了)。结合语意可知应选in case，意为“以防，万一”。even if即使；if only要是……就好了；so that表结果或目的。
答案 C
11．(2010·重庆)Today，we will begin ________ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.
A．when B．where
C．how D．what
解析 where在此引导地点状语从句。
答案 B
12．________ unemployment and crime are high，it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.
A．Before B．Where C．Unless D．Until
解析 where引导地点状语从句，表示在失业率与犯罪率高的地方，犯罪都是由失业引起的。
答案 B
13．You'd better not leave the medicine ________ kids can get at it.
A．even if B．which C．where D．so that
解析 句意：你最好不要把药放到孩子们能够到的地方。这里where引导的是地点状语从句。
答案 C
1．原因状语从句通常由because，since，as，now that，seeing(that)，considering that等引导。
—Mum，could I go out to play now?
—Let me see...Yes，since you have finished all your school assignments.
——妈妈，现在我可以出去玩吗？
——让我想想，是的，既然你已经把所有的学习任务完成。
Now that you have grown up，you must do it by yourself.既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。
Considering that I have told you three times，you must know it.鉴于我已经告诉你三次，你一定知道它。
2．so that引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别：引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语部分常有情态动词can，may，could等；引导结果状语从句时，从句的谓语部分一般没有情态动词。例如：
We got up early so that we could catch the train.
我们起得早，以便能赶上火车。(表目的)
We got up early so that we caught the train.
我们起得早，结果赶上了火车。(表结果)
1．In peace，too，the Red Cross is expected to send help ________ there is human suffering.
A．whoever B．however C．whatever D．wherever
解析 wherever引导修饰谓语send的地点状语从句。
答案 D
2．If you are traveling ________ the customs are really foreign to your own，please do as the Romans do.
A．in which B．what C．when D．where
解析 where引导修饰谓语are traveling的地点状语从句。
答案 D
3．________，he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A．A quiet student as he may be
B．Quiet student as he may be
C．Be a quiet student as he may
D．Quiet as he may be a student
解析 as引导让步状语从句应该倒装，本题中需要放在as之前的部分应该是整个表语部分并且要省略student前的不定冠词(若要保留该不定冠词，则应将其置于quiet与student之间。)
答案 B
4．A man cannot smile like a child，________ a child smiles with his eyes，while a man smiles with his lips alone.
A．so B．but C．and D．for
解析 空格处之后的句子补充说明“a man cannot smile like a child”的原因，应选用for表原因。
答案 D
5．Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice，________ they knew it to be valuable.
A．as if B．now that
C．even though D．so that
解析 “Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice”和“they knew it to be valuable”意思相反，四个选项中引导让步状语从句的even though最为适合。
答案 C
6．—Where's that report?
—I brought it to you ________ you were in Mr.Black's office yesterday.
A．if B．when C．because D．before
解析 该空表示“当……的时候”，因此应填when引导时间状语从句。
答案 B
7．The village has developed a lot ________ we learned farming two years ago.
A．when B．which C．that D．where
解析 由语境逻辑可以推出这个村子在我们两年前学习农业技术的地方它发展得很快，因此该空应填where引导地点状语从句。
答案 D
8．________ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.
A．Since B．Unless C．As D．Although
解析 空格处应引导让步状语从句，填入although最为合适。
答案 D
9．________ I really don't like art, I find his work impressive.
A．As B．Since C．If D．While
解析 该空表示“尽管”，因此应填While引导让步状语从句。
答案 D
10．________ hard one may work, one cannot master a foreign language in a month or two.
A．Whenever B．Wherever
C．Whatever D．However
解析 however在此修饰hard，表示“无论怎么”，引导让步状语从句。
答案 D
11．People who are really in need of houses will suffer heavy losses ________ the government takes measures to bring down house prices.
A．if B．in case C．unless D．since
解析 此句是条件状语从句。
答案 C
12．You will be successful in the interview ________ you have confidence.
A．before B．once C．until D．though
解析 自信是成功采访的条件，因此该空应填once引导条件状语从句。
答案 B
13．Owen wouldn't eat anything ________ he cooked it himself.
A．until B．since C．unless D．while
解析 句意：欧文不吃任何东西，除非这种东西是他自己亲自烹饪的。unless“除非”，符合语境。
答案 C
14．The medicine works more effectively ________ you drink some hot water after taking it.
A．as B．until C．although D．if
解析 句意：如果你在吃药后喝一些开水的话，这种药的效果更明显。if引导条件状语从句。
答案 D
15．________ the police thought he was the most likely one，since they had no exact proof about it，they could not arrest him.
A．Although B．As long as
C．If only D．As soon as
解析 根据句意，引导让步状语从句。故选A。
答案 A
16．John shut everybody out of the kitchen ________ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
A．which B．when C．so that D．as if
解析 so that引导目的状语从句。
答案 C
17．I would appreciate it ________ you call back this afternoon for the doctor's appointment.
A．until B．if C．when D．that
解析 if引导条件状语从句。
答案 B
18．As far as I am concerned，education is about learning and the more you learn，________.
A．the more for life are you equipped
B．the more equipped for life you are
C．the more life you are equipped for
D．you are equipped the more for life
解析 本句是the more...the more...句型，第二个比较级修饰形容词equipped。
答案 B
19．Scientists generally agree that Earth's climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years ________ it has warmed in the 20,000 years since Ice Age.
A．so long as B．as much as
C．as long as D．as well as
解析 这是一个表示同级比较的比较状语从句，因比较的对象是上升的温度，所以B项最佳。
答案 B
20．________ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
A．So successful her business was
B．So successful was her business
C．So her business was successful
D．So was her successful business
解析 句中so...that...结构置于句首引导结果状语从句，因此应使用不完全倒装句型。
答案 B
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