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高考英语必考语法考点例解
考点16 主谓一致 答案解析
题组一
答案与解析：1. C.【解析】 “there be 并列主语”和“here be 并列主语”结构中的谓语形式一般应与并列主语中的第一个主语的数一致。2. B.【解析】 由either…or, neither…nor, not only… but (also), not…but连接两个作主语用的名词或代词时，谓语动词采取就近一致的原则。3. A.【解析】 集体名词family, team, class, army, enemy, group 等作主语时，如强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如强调一个个的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。4. B. 【解析】The number of 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。A number of 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。5. B. 【解析】n as well as, with, together With, but, except, rather than等 n，谓语动词和前面的第一个n一致。 6. D. 【解析】more than 复数名词作主语，谓语用复数； more than one 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 many 复数名词作主语，谓语用复数; many a 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。7. D.【解析】 当时间，距离和金钱用作主语时，通常被看成是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 8. B. 【解析】定语从句中谓语动词与先行词保持一致。one of n who 复数谓语；the (only) one n who 单数谓语。9. A. 【解析】两个或两个以上的并列主语由and 连接时，如果表示不同概念谓语动词用复数；如果表示同一概念谓语动词用单数。10. C. 【解析】people, police, cattle等作主语时谓语动词用复数。11. B. 【解析】Every n and every n ; Each n and each n ; No n and no n 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。12. A. 【解析】each of 复数代词作主语，谓语动用单数。复数代词 each作主语，谓语动词用复数。13. C. 【解析】all 作为主语，代表人物时，一般用作复数；代表整个事件或情况时，一般看作单数。14. B. 【解析】“the 形容词/-ed分词”，表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示一类事物时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The good in him outweighs the bad.15. B.【解析】 分数（百分数）/ all / some / none / half / most of n 做主语，谓语动词根据of后的名词来确定。16. A.【解析】 英语中有一些由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以-s结尾，如shoes, scissors(剪子)，pincers(钳子)，glasses(眼镜），shorts(短裤)，trousers(裤子)，suspenders(吊裤带)等。这一类名词，如果不带"一把"、"一副"、"一条"等单位词而单独使用，通常作复数。例如：如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单、复数形式决定动词的单、复数形式。 例如：One pair of scissors isn't enough.17. C. 【解析】A large quantity of 可数名词复数形式/ 不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；Large quantities of 可数名词复数形式/ 不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。18. B. 【解析】不定式、-ing形式短语或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 注意：当what引导的从句作主语，且表语为名词时，谓语动词的数常由表语的数来决定。19. A.【解析】 英语中一些形复意单的名词，如：news, means, politics, physics, maths, the United States等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但若不是国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称、通常作复数用。20. B. 【解析】用and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：bread and butter(抹黄油的面包)，knife and fork(刀叉)，等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
题组二
A
1.an
2.which
3.months
4.for
5..most effective
6..really
7..sounds
8.reading
9.their
10.learned
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了轻松积累词汇的几种方法。
1.考查冠词。句意：和生活中许多事情一样，积累词汇也是一个不断发展的过程。由语境可知填“一个”，欧宁以元音音素开头， “一个”用不定冠词an表示泛指。故填an。
2.考查定语从句关系词。句意：通过分析句子结构可知，_______means you'll just keep getting better and better.是定语从句，空白处所填的词指代逗号前的there’s enough room for improvement，which在句中为关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，并在句中作主语。故填which。
3.考查名词单复数。句意：你认为青少年时期几个月的记忆锻炼不够。month为可数名词，且由a few可知month应用复数形式。故填months。
4.考查介词。句意：几个月的记忆锻炼对于余生是不够的。be enough for sth 对······已足够。故填介词for。
5.考查形容词最高级。句意：读好书是扩大词汇量最有效的方法之一。此处要表达的是“最有效的方法之一”，因此填most effective。
6.考查词性转换。句意：你需要一周至少真正读一本书。此处应用副词修饰动词 read，因此填really。
7.考查谓语动词。句意：这件事并不像听起来那么难。描述的是一般事实，而且主语为it，因此用sound的一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填sounds.
8.考查非谓语动词。句意：你在阅读一篇有趣的文学故事时增长词汇量。逻辑主语you与动词read为主动关系，故用现在分词reading ... 作状语；也可视为状语从句while you are reading... 的省略形式。故填reading。
9.考查代词。句意：另一个好处是你不知不觉中学习到了新词和它们的用法。use在此处是名词，故用形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意：你自然会在对话中使用这些词汇。learned / learnt作后置定语修饰words，表示“已学过的词”， words与learn是被动的关系，因此用过去分词。故填learned/learnt。
B
1.greater
2.achievement
3.is
4.on
5.as
6.studies
7.regularly
8.a
9.to bring
10.make
【解析】本文属于说明文，告诉我们当工作压力太大的时候，应该怎么做来合理释放压力。
1.考查比较级。本空所填之词和and后的比较级less是并列关系，使用相同的比较级形式greater。故填greater。
2.考查名词。句意：首先处理重要的事情，那么你会有成就感。横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作of的宾语，表示“成就感”。故填achievement。
3.考查句子结构和主谓一致。本句中动名词短语“Leaving... tomorrow”在句中作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式，所以使用is。
4.on 考查固定搭配。句意：很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。be focused on“集中于……”，故填on。
5.考查固定搭配。正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早起，要在午饭之前尽可能地高效。短语as...as possible“尽可能……”，故填as。
6.考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是show，说明主语是复数名词studies。故填studies。
7.考查副词。副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中作定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly作状语修饰动词短语take short breaks。故填regularly。
8.考查固定短语。本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和思维休息一会。介词短语for a while“一会儿”。故填a。
9.考查固定短语。句意：如果你找到了喜欢做的事情，你就不太可能把工作带回家去做。be likely to do sth.可能做某事，故填to bring。
10.考查祈使句。此处表示要保证它是让你释放压力，而不是让你担忧的事。本句是祈使句，要用动词原形。故填make。
题组三
1.C【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a solution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故选C。
2.D【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：去年进行的一项调查显示，该市80％的中年人赞成医疗改革的建议。通过分析句子结构并翻译语境可知，主句时态为一般过去时，根据时态一致性可知从句中时态也为一般过去时，且从句中主语80% of the middle-aged是复数，按照主谓一致原则，因此使用be动词were。故选D项。
3.D【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number of medical schools，the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。
4.B【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
5.C【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：《远大前程》的出版，得到了广泛的好评和高度赞扬，加强了狄更斯作为一名主要小说家的地位。先行词The publication of Great Expectations在定语从句中作主语，是单数概念，根据主谓一致的原则，所以谓语动词用单数，再根据主句谓语动词reviewed是一般过去时可知，应选C项。
6.B【解析】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：现在骑自行车，慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard…as…“把……看作……”和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D。再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with 连接的三个动名词做主语，应该谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C，故选B。
7.A【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：高校评估对于国际学生一年的生活花费大约8,450美元，对于一些人来说是有负担的。第一句话的主语是 living expenses为复数，所以谓语动词用复数形式，第二句话主语是主句陈述的内容，所以谓语动词应用单数，故选A。
8.C【解析】考查主谓一致及时态用法。句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能够种各种不同的水果树。句中的主语为不定代词all，代指的是物。不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。再根据从句中的can可以判断用一般现在时。故C正确。
9.B【解析】考查主谓一致及动词时态。句意：因为他们出色的表现，比赛一结束，篮球教练和他的球队队员就被采访了。主语后接由with，except，as well as，no less than，rather than，besides，together with，like，including，in addition to等构成的短语时，谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致；事情发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。故选B。
10.A【解析】考查被动语态。句意：给老板的那些信放在他的办公桌上，但是直到三天以后他才读了那些信。letter“信件”和put“放”之间是被动的关系，所以排除C和D，然后因为letters是复数，谓语动词用were put, 故选A。
11.D【解析】前一个空中，因为evidence，是不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单数第三人称。该句是一个宾语从句。宾语从句中的主语是 use of chemicals 意思为药品的使用，是抽象意义的名词，谓语动词要用单数。该句意思为：所有的科学证据表明，在农业中化学药品的不断增长的使用正损害着我们的健康。故选D
考点：考察时态。
12.B【解析】考查时态。句意：许多人仍然在公共场合吸烟的事实表明我们还需要做更多事情来提高人们对火灾危险的意识。句子主语是the fact，后跟一个同位语从句，表示客观事实，谓语用第三人称单数，排除A、D；句子使用的一般现在时，排除C；suggests后跟一个宾语从句，故选B。
13.A【解析】考查主谓一致。Such位于句首时，应该用倒装。由poets可知，谓语用复数；works“作品”，是可数名词，谓语也要用复数。故选A。
14.B【解析】试题分析：本句的主语either you or one of your students遵循就近原则，谓语动词应该和one of your students保持一致，故使用单数形式。句义：要么是要么是你的一个同学去参加明天要举行的会议。选项中只有B项使用的是单数形式。故B正确。
考点：考察主谓一致
15.A【解析】考察主谓一致和时态。population是集合名词，或集体名词，即看成一个整体，所以谓语动词用单数形式。句子说的是江苏现在的人口数量和以及增长，用完成时表示现在的状态。
16.C【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自从2010年以来，上中国大学的外国学生的数量一直在增长。根据时间状语since 2010可知，用现在完成时态，The number of……作主语，后面的谓语动词用单数，故选C。
17.A【解析】本题考查时态的用法。根据at present ="now" 可知，应用一般现在时。
18.D【解析】考查主谓一致。A together with B作主语时谓语动词与A的单复数保持一致；第二空为定语从句that指代Reading skills，由于Reading Skills是书名所以谓语动词用单数。
考点17 话题与交际
常见的情景交际用语
1. A pleasure与With pleasure
A pleasure. = My pleasure = It’s a pleasure. 意为＂不用谢＂，当别人表示感谢时用它来回答
With pleasure. 意为＂非常乐意＂，当别人请自己帮忙时，自己爽快的接受（伴随着快乐）。
1. —Would you do me a favor and give me a ride?
—________.
A. Yes, that’s right B. No trouble C. Never mind D. With pleasure
2. —Could you do me a favor and take these books to my office?
—Yes, ________.
A. for pleasure B. I could C. my pleasure D. with pleasure
【答案】1. D 2. D
2. Don’t mention it. 与 You’re welcome.
Don’t mention it(informal) used as a polite answer when sb. has thanked you for sth.:
‘Thanks for all your help.’ ‘Don’t mention it.’两个短语用法较简单，意为＂不用谢＂。
A：Thank you very much. 太感谢你了。
B：Don’t mention it. 别客气。
3. No problem
1. used to show that you are happy to help sb. or that sth. will be easy to do:
2. ‘Can I pay by credit card?’ ‘Yes, no problem.’
3. used after sb. has thanked you or said they are sorry for sth.:
4. ‘Thanks for the ride.’ ‘No problem.’
【典例】
1. —I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
—___________, Bill.
A. You’re welcome B. Go ahead C. Don’t mention it D. No problem
2. —We need three single rooms for the first week in June.
—___________. The hotel’s not busy then.
A. No problem B. Don’t bother C. Never mind D. It doesn’t matter
【答案】1. D 2. A
4. Mind
当问你是否介意（某人）做某事时，如果你同意，那就是不介意，要用no来回答；如果你不同意，那就是介意，要用yes来回答。此时，mind与＂oppose反对＂意思相近。
【典例】
1. —Do you mind if I open the window?
—____________ I feel a bit cold.
A. Of course not. B. I’d rather you didn’t.
C. Go ahead. D. Why not?
2. —Would you mind my coming over and having a look at your new garden? My little son’s curious about those roses you grow.
—_____________. You’re welcome.
A. Yes, I do B. Never mind C. Yes, please D. Not at all
【答案】 1. B 2. D
5. Never mind
You say never mind when you are emphasizing that something is not serious or important, especially when someone is upset about it or is saying sorry to you. 用于当别人为某事烦恼或向你道歉时。
【典例】
1. —Oh dear! I’ve just broken a window.
—_____________. It can’t be helped.
A. Never mind B. All right C. That’s fine D. Not at all
2. —I’m terribly sorry that I made your table cloth dirty.
—_____________.
A. Never mind B. Don’t mention it C. That’s right D. Sorry
【答案】1. A 2. A
6. It doesn’t matter.
matter (to sb.) ：to be important or have an important effect on sb./sth.:
It doesn’t matter to me what you do
‘What did you say?’ ‘Oh, it doesn’t matter’ (= it is not important enough to repeat).’
‘I’m afraid I forgot that book again.’ ‘It doesn’t matter (= it is not important enough to worry about).’
【典例】
1. —I’m sorry I broke your mirror.
—Oh, really? ______________.
A. It’s OK with me B. It doesn’t matter C. Don’t be sorry D. I don’t care
2. —Dad! Tom’s broken a glass!
—______________. Accidents will happen.
A. No way B. Doesn’t matter C. No trouble at all D. Don’t mention it
【答案】1. B 2. B
7. That’s OK/ fine/ all right.
1. It’s all right/alright ( also That’s all right/alright ) 不用谢，没关系
an answer to someone who has just thanked you for something or just said they are sorry for something they have done
＂Thank you for the flowers.＂ ＂It’s all right . I thought they might cheer you up.＂
＂I’m sorry I broke the vase.＂ ＂Oh, that’s all right . It wasn’t very expensive.＂
2. If you say that someone or something is all right, you mean that you find them satisfactory or acceptable.
Is it all right with you if we go now?...
【典例】
1. —We’d like you to start work tomorrow if possible.
—I’m sorry, but I can’t possibly start until Monday. _________?
A. Do you agree with me B. Is that a good idea
C. Do you think I’m right D. Will that be all right
2. —Professor Johnson, I’m afraid I can’t finish the report within this week.
—_________. How about next week?
A. Good for you B. It won’t bother me
C. Not at all D. That’s OK
【答案】1. D 2. D
8. Why not? 和isn’t it?
＂Why not＂is used to express agreement. 用来表示同意，并不是问＂为什么不可以？＂。
有些反意疑问句也并不是表示疑问，而是一种习惯，一种语气，如：
A: It’s fine, isn’t it? B：Yes, it is, isn’t it?
【典例】
1. —Let’s go to a movie after work, OK?
—_________
A. Not at all. B. Why not? C. Never mind. D. What of it?
2. —How about putting some pictures into the report?
—_________ A picture is worth a thousand words.
A. No way. B. Why not? C. All right? D. No matter.
【答案】1. B 2. B
9. Why not do something? 表建议做某事；why do something做某事没有必要
—It’s a long time since I saw my sister.
—_______________ her this weekend?
A. Why not visit B. why not to visit
C. Why not visiting D. Why don’t visit
【答案】A
10. Thank you
按照英语的习惯，别人赞美奉承自己时，应表示感谢，而不是中国式的谦虚。
【典例】
1. —What a beautiful picture you’ve drawn!
—______________
A. Not at all. B. Thank you.
C. You’re great. D. I’m proud of you
2. —Bruce, I really appreciate your handwriting.
—______________.
A. I practice every day B. Thank you very much
C. No, I don’t think so D. Well, it’s not good enough
【答案】1. B 2. B
11. Not really
used, often in negative sentences, to reduce the force of sth. you are saying: I don’t really agree with that. It doesn’t really matter. 用于缓和语气，并不完全是，
‘Did you enjoy the book?’ ‘Not really’ (= ‘no’ or ‘not very much’).
比较： I don’t really know means that you are not sure about something;
I really don’t know emphasizes that you do not know.
【典例】
1. —＂Could we put off the meeting?＂ she asked.
—＂_________.＂ He answered politely. ＂This is the only day everyone is available.＂
A. Not likely B. Not exactly C. Not nearly D. Not really
2. —Have you been wasting time on computer games again?
—_________. I’ve been studying a lot and I need a break.
A. No way B. Not really C. I don’t agree D. I couldn’t agree more
【答案】1. D 2. B
12. No way
used to say that there is no possibility that you will do sth. or that sth. will happen:
【典例】
—I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.
—_________. It was her fault.
A. No way B. Not possible C. No chance D. Not at all
【答案】A
13. I’m sorry, but…
用以委婉地提出一个使对方不快的事实。
【典例】
1. —I’d like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr. Smith.
—____________.
A. Oh, no. Let’s not B. I’d rather stay at home
C. I’m very sorry, but I have other plans D. Oh, no. That’ll be too much trouble
2. I hope you don’t mind me asking, ____________ where did you buy those shoes?
A. so B. and C. yet D. but
【答案】1. C 2. D
14. Not at all
1. used as a polite reply after someone has thanked you
＂Thanks for helping.＂ ＂Not at all.＂
2. used to say ‘no’ or ‘not’ strongly
＂Was he a nuisance?＂ ＂No, not at all.＂
I’m not at all happy about it.
【典例】
—Do you mind if I record your lecture?
— ___________. Go ahead.
A. Never mind B. No way
C. Not at all D. No, you’d better not
【答案】C
15. Help yourself.
to give something to someone or to take something for yourself
＂Might I have some more bread?＂ ＂Please, help yourself !＂
Help在这里是＂拿、取＂之意，多用于食物，也可用于其它东西。
【典例】
1. —Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?
—_____________.
A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you could
C. Yes, help yourself D. Yes, go on
2. —Do you think I could borrow your bicycle?
—_________
A. How come? B. Take your time.
C. Yes, go on D. Yes, help yourself.
【答案】1. C 2. D
16. Go ahead
【典例】
1.—I wonder if I could possibly use your car for tonight?
—____________. I’m not using it anyhow.
A. Sure, go ahead B. I don’t know
C. Yes, indeed D. I don’t care
2.—I probably shouldn’t have any more cake.
—Oh, ____________. It won’t kill you.
A. go ahead B. hold on, please
C. you’re welcome D. that’ll do
【答案】1. A 2. A
17. Come on
1. come on 近义于NOT BELIEVE
informal , used to tell someone that you do not believe them or that you disagree with them, or to show that you are angry with them 得了吧。(表示不相信，不同意或生气)
Oh come on, Ian, you made the same excuse last week!
2. come on phrasal verb HURRY
said to encourage someone to do something, especially to hurry or try harder, or to tell you something 快点，加油，
Come on — we’re going to be late if you don’t hurry!
Come on, Annabelle, you can tell me. I won’t tell anyone.
【典例】
1.—Now, where is my purse?
—_________! We’ll be late for the picnic.
A. Take your time B. Don’t worry
C. Come on D. Take it easy
2. —It’ll take at least 2 hours to do this!
—Oh, _________. I could do it in 30 minutes.
A. come on B. pardon me C. you are right D. don’t mention it
【答案】1. C 2. A
18. Forget it
1. used to tell someone that what they want is impossible
I’d like to take a week’s holiday.＂ ＂Forget it, we’re way too busy.＂
2. used to tell someone that something is not important and not to worry about it
＂I’m so sorry about that cup.＂ ＂Oh, forget it —I’ve got plenty.＂
【典例】
—I’d like to take a week’s holiday.
—_________, we’re too busy.
A. Don’t worry B. Don’t mention it
C. Forget it D. Pardon me
【答案】C
19. It’s up to you.
—What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game.
—_________. Whatever you want to do is fine with me.
A. It just depends B. It’s up to you
C. All right D. Glad to hear that
【答案】B
20. Take your time.与take it easy.
Take your time: to use as much time as you need without hurrying: 不急，慢慢来
Take it easy: used to tell sb. not to be worried or angry: 别担心， 别生气
Take it easy；we’ve got plenty of time
【典例】
—Can I look at the menu for a few more minutes before I decide?
—Of course. _________ sir.
A Make yourself at home B. Enjoy yourself
C. It doesn’t matter D. Take your time
【答案】D
21. How do you find…
有时how do you find sth. ?是问你觉得某物怎么样，同What do you think of….? How do you like..?意思相近。
【典例】
—How did you find your visit to Qingdao, Joanna?
—_________
A. Oh, wonderful indeed B. I went the alone
C. First by train and then by ship D. A guide showed me the way
【答案】A
22. How come?
＂怎么回事？怎么搞的？为什么？怎么会这样？＂通常用在你觉得奇怪而问为什么的时候。
【典例】
—I don’t think I’ll be able to go mountain-climbing tomorrow.
—_________?
A. And how B. How come C. How’s it going D. How about it
【答案】B
23. So what?
used to mean ‘it’s not important’ and ‘I don’t care’ 那又怎样？
【典例】
—Andrew won’t like it, you know.
—_________? I don’t care what Andrew thinks!
A. So what B. So where C. So why D. So how
【答案】A
题组一 基础过关
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2020年，全国卷III）In ancient China lived an artist41. paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 42. (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would43.(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 44. (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 45. he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 46. (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 47. (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 48. (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds49. (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 50. earth, Mother Nature.
题组二 能力提升
I.阅读理解
（2020年，江苏卷）For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men’s fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men’s blood and fat tissue.
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.
1.The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “______”.
A.digest the meal easily B.manage without breakfast
C.decide wisely what to eat D.eat whatever is offered
2.Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?
A.Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.
B.Their lack of exercise led to overweight.
C.They could walk at an average speed.
D.They had slow metabolic rates.
3.What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?
A.They successfully lost weight. B.They consumed a bit more calories.
C.They burned more fat on average. D.They displayed higher insulin levels.
4.What could be learned from the research?
A.A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.
B.Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.
C.Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.
D.Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.
II.阅读理解七选五（2020年，全国卷I）
A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
We all want it… to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 1. Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
●2. Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 3. You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? ＂That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.＂
●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 4.
●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 5. Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?
A.Feeling upset again?
B.Where do you start?
C.Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D.Remember, you are only human.
E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F.Stop comparing yourself with others.
G.When does the comparison game start?
题组三 体验真题
1.(2020﹒江苏)—Do you know anything about Zhang Zhongjing?
—______ He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.
A. How come? B. So what? C. By all means. D. With pleasure.
2.(2020﹒天津)—Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call in advance.
—______. I will.
A. My pleasure B. No wonder C. Good point D. Never mind
3.(2020﹒天津)—Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight?
—______. I’ll drive her there.
A. Have a try B. Don’t mention it C. Don’t bother D. Go ahead
4. （2019 • 江苏卷 • 单项填空）—Let’s take a coffee break.
— __________ We’ve been working for hours.
A. Why bother? B. What for? C. You got me there. D. You said it.
5. （2019 • 天津卷 • 单项填空）—I guess you want to go play tennis.
—__________. That’s exactly what I was thinking too.
A. I didn’t get it B. It’s up to you
C. You never know D. You read my mind
6. （2019 •天津卷•单项填空）—My son got a full scholarship to his dream university!
—Wow, ___________! What’s he going to study?
A. good for him B. go for it
C. what a coincidence D. all the best
7.（2018·天津）—I’m moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help.
—___________. Just let me know when, and I’ll be there.
A. You bet B. It depends C. Forget it D. No kidding
8.（2018·天津）—Wasn’t Joan supposed to be here by now?
—___________. She will be here in about twenty minutes.
A. All right B. Don’t worry C. No wonder D. Enjoy yourself
9.（2018·江苏）—What happened? Your boss seems to ___________.
—Didn’t you know his secretary leaked the secret report to the press?
A. be over the moon B. laugh his head off
C. be all ears D. fly off the handle
10.（2018·江苏）—You know what? I’ve got a New Year concert ticket.
—Oh, ___________ You’re kidding.
A. so what? B. go ahead. C. come on. D. what for?
11. （2017·江苏卷） —What does the stuff on your Tshirt mean?
—It’s nothing. Just something ___________.
A.as clear as day B. off the top of my head
C. under my nose D. beyond my wildest dreams
12. （2017·江苏卷）—Going to watch the Women’s Volleyball Match on Wednesday?
—___________！Will you go with me?
A. You there B. You bet
C. You got me D. You know better
13. （2017·天津卷）—Albert’s birthday is on next Saturday, and I’m planning a surprise party for him.
—___________. I’ll bring some wine.
A. Sounds like fun B. It depends
C. Just a minute D. You are welcome
题组一 基础过关
【答案】
41.whose
42.finest
43.be chosen
44.curiosity
45.When/As
46.pointed
47.to find
48.gently
49.surrounding
50.On
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他将画送给宰相时，这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
41.考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
42.考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
43.考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
44..考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
45.考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
46.考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
47.考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
48.考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
49.考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
50.考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
题组二 能力提升
I.
【答案】1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，结果表明对于那些能忍受的人来说，不吃早餐锻炼可能对健康更有益。
1.词句猜测题。根据下文working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first可知，早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼对健康更有益，因此推断这里说的是那些不吃早饭先锻炼的人，因此推断划线词与B项“不吃早饭能应付”意思相近。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段的They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are far better and worse, representative of those of most of us.可知，他们首先找到了10个超重的，不活跃但健康的年轻人，他们的生活方式可以说更好，也可以说更糟，代表了我们大多数人。因此可知，实验时选择的10个人的生活方式代表了普通人。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第六段的As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand. they burned slightly more calories(卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.可知，结果，他们空腹散步时燃烧的脂肪比他们首先吃东西时所燃烧的脂肪要多。 另一方面。平均而言，他们在早餐后锻炼时燃烧的卡路里略多于禁食后。因此可知，锻炼前吃早饭消耗更多一点的热量。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.可知，这些结果的暗示，为了从运动中获得最大的健康益处，先不吃东西可能更明智。因此推断早饭前的体育锻炼对健康更有益。故选D。
II.
【答案】1.B 2.F 3.D 4.C 5.A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个自我接纳的小技巧。
1.根据题目A Few Tips for Self-acceptance(自我接纳的几点建议)及下文的Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.(这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法。)可知，选项B. Where do you start? (从哪里开始那？)最合下文语境，故选B项。
2.根据下文Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only one in this world.(你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。)可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故F. Stop comparing yourself with others.(停止把自己和别人进行比较。)可以作为本段中心句，故选F项。
3.根据本文的中心句Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. (原谅自己所犯的错误。)及下文的You will make mistakes, time and time again. (你会一次又一次地犯错误。)可知，本句是在说明要讲自己看作一个普通人，普通人是会犯错的。选项D. Remember, you are only human.(记住，你只是个人。)与上下文衔接最好，故选D项。
4.根据上文List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位，今天你拜托了困境。)可知，这些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝，即没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的。故选C项。
5.结合上文Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself.(用语言来解释为什么你觉得自己不值得，为什么你觉得自己不够好。现在，自己读一下这些话。)和下文的Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are? (翻到你日记本上记下你的优点和成就的那页。看到你有多棒了吗？)可推知本句是在说明“再次感到心烦意乱”的情况。选项A. Feeling upset again?(再次感觉心烦意乱了吗？)最合上下文语境，故选A项。
题组三 体验真题
1.C【解析】考查日常交际用语。句意:-你知道关于张仲景的事情吗？-当然。 自东汉以来，他被尊为医学大师。A. How come?怎么会？B. So what?那又怎样？C. By all means.当然；D. With pleasure.很愿效劳。根据空后He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.可知，后者对张仲景非常了解。所以他“当然”知道关于张仲景的事情。C选项符合语境。故选C。
2.C【解析】考查情景交际。句意:--下次你去拜访Bob的时候，记得提前给他打个电话。--好主意。我会的。A. My pleasure 我很荣幸，别客气；B. No wonder难怪；C. Good point好主意；D. Never mind没有关系。根据”I will”可知，第二个人对第一个人的提议非常赞同。故C选项符合语境。故选C。
3.C【解析】考查情景交际。句意:--今晚我为莎拉叫一辆出租车去机场好吗？--不用麻烦了。我开车送她去。A. Have a try试一试吧；B. Don’t mention it别客气，不用谢；C. Don’t bother不用麻烦了；D. Go ahead走吧，干吧。根据”I will drive her there”可知，第二个人会送莎拉去机场，因此他让第一个人”不用麻烦叫出租车”。故选C。
4. D【解析】考查情景对话。——句意：我们休息一下喝杯咖啡吧。——你算说对了。我们已经工作好几个小时了。下文说＂我们已经工作好几个小时了＂，上文应该是赞同这个建议。 why bother没有必要；what for为什么；You got me there你把我搞糊涂了；You said it你算说对了，故选D。
5. D【解析】考查情景交际。句意：——我猜你想去打网球。——你猜透了我的心思。那就是我正在想着的事情。从回答的后半句可知，听话人同意说话人的意思。而A（不明白，不认同某人的说法）、B（决于你）和C（很难说，不可预知）都不符合语境。＂you read my mind＂意为你知我心，符合语境，故选D。
6. A【解析】考查情景对话。句意：——我的儿子得了他梦想大学的全额奖学金。——噢，对他有好处!他打算学习什么呢? good for him＂对他有好处＂ ；go for it＂努力争取＂； what a coincidence＂多么巧合＂； all the best＂祝一切顺利（祝酒告别时说）＂。故选A。
7. A【解析】考查交际用语。句意：——我在几天内会搬家，我想知道你是否能帮忙。——没问题，只需要让我知道什么时候，我就会到那儿。A. You bet没问题；B. It depends看情况而定；C. Forget it算了吧；D. No kidding别开玩笑。根据答句中的Just let me know when, and I’ll be there.可以判断：他/她一定会帮忙。故选A。
点睛：本题考查日常交际用语，首先读懂对话，弄清句意及各选择项在语境中的具体运用，然后抓住关键答句Just let me know when, and I’ll be there.，就不难选出正确答案。
8. B【解析】考查交际用语。句意：——琼现在不是应该在这儿吗？——不用担心，在大约20分钟内她将会到这儿的。A. all right好，行；B. Don’t worry别担心；C. No wonder难怪；D. Enjoy yourself玩得开心。根据答句中的She will be there in about twenty minutes.可以判断；不需要担心琼，她一会儿就到。故选B。
点睛：本题考查日常交际用语，首先读懂对话，弄清句意及各选择项含义，然后抓住答句，就不难选出正确答案。
9. D【解析】考查习惯用语。句意：——发生什么了？你老板看起来勃然大怒。——你难道不知道他的秘书把秘密报告泄露给新闻界了吗？A. be over the moon非常高兴；B. laugh his head off 笑的要死；C. be all ears洗耳恭听；D. fly off the handle勃然大怒。故选D。
点睛：本题考查习惯用语。英语习语是英语中使用最普遍、表达力最强、文化内涵最丰富的一部分，包括成语、谚语、格言、典故、俚语、俗语、歇后语等，是英语语言的精粹。同学们在学习过程中准确掌握英语中的习语，能帮助同学们深刻理解英语词汇中的文化内涵及文化差异，从而更加准确、传神地使用英语。
10. C【解析】考查交际用语。句意：——你知道是什么吗？我已经得到一张新年音乐会的票了。——哦，得了吧，你开玩笑的吧。A. so what?那又怎么样？B. go ahead去吧；C. come on得了吧；D. what for？为什么？交际用语中come on表示＂得了吧！算了吧！＂，用来指责别人或表示不耐烦。故选C。
【点睛】本题考查交际用语。对于交际用语的考查，首先平时要多积累常用的交际用语，尽量避免汉语式的表达。解题时要在上下文中进行，特别要注意与语境语义的联系。本题选项中的come on.是大家熟悉的交际用语，我们常见的含义有：①加油！②赶快！(用于催促别人快点) ③赶快！(用于催促别人快点) 但这些含义与本题都无关。所以我们要多积累，多了解短语在不同交际用语中的不同用法。
11. B 【解析】 考查习语辨析。off the top of one’s head＂不假思索的，即兴的＂，符合语境；as clear as day一清二楚的；under one’s nose在某人鼻子底下，公然；beyond one’s wildest dreams超越梦想。句意：＂你T恤上的东西是什么意思？＂＂没什么。不过是即兴而为的东西。＂
12. B 【解析】 考查情景交际。You bet＂当然，肯定地＂，符合句意。You there说你呢；You got me你难住我了；You know better你更清楚。句意：＂星期三去看女子排球比赛吗？＂＂当然！你能同我一起去吗？＂
13. A 【解析】 考查情景交际。根据回答＂I’ll bring some wine.＂可知对方比较感兴趣，故选A。Sounds(like)fun.意为＂听起来有趣。＂It depends.视情况而定。Just a minute.请稍等。You are welcome.不客气。句意：＂艾伯特在下周六过生日，我正筹划一个聚会，要给他一个惊喜。＂＂听起来有趣(Sounds like fun.)。我会带一些酒来。＂
同学们加油[加油]
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