1
比较级、最高级和原级定义
比较级:两者之间的比较叫做比较级。
最高级:三者三者以上的比较叫做高级。
原级:没有比较,同级比较。
2
形容词、副词的比较级/最高级的构成
1、单音节和部分双音节的词:(去,改,双,直)
(1)以字母 e 结尾的形容词,去 e 加-er 或-est;
large —— larger —— largest
nice —— nicer —— nicest
late —— later —— latest
(2)以“辅音字母 y”结尾的双音节词,先改“y”为“i”,再加-er 或-est;
happy —— happier —— happiest
early —— earlier ——earliest
(3)辅-元-辅 结构的单词(重读闭音节)的形容词,双写最后一个辅音字母再加er 或者 est;
hot — hotter — hottest
thin —— thinner —— thinnest
(4)在结尾加 er 或者 est;
strong —— stronger —— strongest
slow —— slower —— slowest
2、多音节词和部分双音节词:在词前加 more 或 most。
delicious —— more delicious —— most delicious
beautiful —— more beautiful —— most beautiful
boring—— more boring —— most boring
easily —— more easily —— most easily
3、不规则变化(两个好,两个坏,两个多;一个小又少,还有一远和一老。)
good/well—— better—— best
bad/ill/badly—— worse—— worst
much/many—— more——most
little——less——least
far——farther/further——farthest/furthest
(farther 是指距离或时间上"更远的",further 是指程度上进一步的)
old——older/elder——oldest/eldest
4.特殊变化:既可以 er/est,又可以 more/most 的单词
有clever,handsome,polite,Simple,stupid,friendly。
注意:
形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.(撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。)
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比较级/最高级的一般用法。
1.形容词的比较级
(1)A be/系动词 形容词比较级 than B. I am taller than you.
Pie is more delicious than pizza.(馅饼比比萨饼好吃。)
(2) Who/which/whose... 形容词比较级,A or B ?
Who is taller,Tim or Tom?(蒂姆和汤姆,谁更高?)
Which boy is more clever, this one or that one?(哪个男孩更聪明,这个还是那个?)
注意:
两者之间比较,比较级后面有名词则前面必须 the
Who is the taller boy,Tim or Tom?(高一点的男孩是谁,蒂姆还是汤姆?)
Which is the more clever boy, this one or that one? (哪个男孩更聪明,这个还是那个?)
2.副词的比较级
(1)A 行为动词 副词比较级 than B.
Tim runs faster than Tom.(蒂姆跑得比汤姆快。)
He studies better than me. (他学习比我好。)
(2)Who/which/whose.... 副词比较级,A or B ?
Who jumps higher, Tim or Tom?(谁跳得更高,蒂姆还是汤姆?)
Which dog eats more, this one or that one? (哪只狗吃得更多,这只还是那只?)
注意:
① 标志词 than,or
② 修饰比较级的词语有 much,even,a little,a lot, still,far
③ many.more,quite,very 不能修饰比较级
④ 只有同类事物才能作比较
⑤ 比较句中的代替词,
the one(代替可数名词单数)
that (代替单数名词或不可数名词)
the ones=those(代替可数名词复数)
例句:
The apples in the red basket are bigger than those in the blue basket. (红篮子里的苹果比蓝篮子里的大。)
The weather in Shanghai is warmer than that in Beijing.(上海的天气比北京暖和。)
3.形容词的最高级
(1)A be/系动词 the 形最高级 比较范围(of /in/among).
I am the tallest in the class.(我是班上最高的。)
Pizza is the most delicious food of the three. (比萨饼是三种食物中最美味的。)
(2)Who/which/whose... 形容词最高级,A,B or C?
Who is the tallest, Tim,Bob or Tom?(谁个子最高,蒂姆,鲍勃还是汤姆?)
4.副词的最高级
(1)A 行为动词 副词最高级 比较范围(of/in/among). Liutao runs fastest in his school.(刘涛在他的学校跑得最快。)
He studies best of us.(他是我们中学习最好的。)
(2)Who/which/whose... 副词最高级,A,B or C?
Which dog eats most, the first one,the second on or the third one? (哪只狗吃得最多,第一只,第二只还是第三只?)
注意:标志词 of,among,in,or
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比较级/最高级的特殊用法
1.比较级的特殊用法
(1)“比较级 and 比较级”或“more and more 原级”表示“越来越……”
例句:
It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.(春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了.)
It is getting cooler and cooler.(天气越来越凉爽.)
The wind became more and more heavily. (风变得越来越大.)
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.(我们的学校变得越来越美丽.)
(2)“the 比较级……, the 比较级”,表示“越……越……”.
例句:
The more money you make, the more you spend. (钱你赚得越多,花得越多。)
The sooner,the better. (越快越好。)
The more the better.(多多益善。)
The more you eat,the fatter you will be.(你吃得越多,你就会越胖。)
(3)the 比较级 of the two(…) ,比较级前加 the,表示两者中的更...的一个。
例句:
He works the harder of the two.(两个人中他工作更努力。)
She is the taller of the two.(她是两个人中较高的一个。)
2.最高级的特殊用法
(1) one of the 最高级 名词复数,表示 “最……的……之一”
This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.( 这是花园里最漂亮的花之一。)
(2) the 序数词 最高级,表示“第......最 的”
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. (黄河是中国第二长河流。)
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原级:as...as...用法
1.A=B(程度相同): as adj./adv.原级 as
① He is as tall as Tom.(他和Tom一样高。)
② He runs as fast as Tom.(他跑的和Tom一样快。)
2.A 不如 B: not as/so adj./adv.原级 as
① He is not as/so tall as Tom.(他不如 Tom 高。)
② He doesn’t run as/so fast as Tom.(他跑的不如 Tom 快。)
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原级、比较级,最高级之间的转换
1.原级和比较级之间的转换
A... not as/so adj./adv.原级 as...B=A...less adj./adv.原级 than...B
That book isn’t as/so interesting as this book.(那本书没有这本书有趣。)
That book is less interesting than this book.(那本书不如这本书有趣。)
This book is more interesting than that book.(这本书比那本书有趣。)
2.比较级和最高级之间的转换(同一范围内) any other 名词单数
A...adj./adv.比较级 than 比较范围the other 名词复数
A... the adj./adv.最高级 比较范围
Tom is the tallest in his class.(汤姆是班上最高的。)
Tom is taller than the other students in his class.(汤姆比他班上的其他学生高。)
Tom is taller than any other student in his class.(汤姆比他班上的任何其他学生都高。)
备注:Beijing is bigger than any city in Japan.(北京比日本的任何城市都大。)(不同范围的比较)
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事物量的比较
1.两种事物的比较
(1)A<B,可数,A ...fewer 可数名词 than B
He joins fewer clubs than I.(他参加的俱乐部比我少。)
(2)A<B, 不可数,A ...less 不可数名词 than B
We drink less coffee than teas.(我们喝的咖啡比茶少。)
(3)A>B,可数/不可数,A ...more 可数名词复数/不可数名词 than B
He has more time than I.(他比我有更多的时间。)
He has more books than I. (他比我有更多的书。)
2.三种及三种以上事物的比较
(1)可数名词,表示最少的...... ...the fewest 名词复数
She can sing the fewest songs in our class.(她能唱我们班最少的歌。)
(2)不可数名词,表示最少的...... ...the least 名词
He finishes the least homework of us.(他完成了我们中最少的家庭作业。)
(3)可数/不可数名词,表示最多的...... ...the most 名词复数
Simon drinks the most milk among the three boys.(西蒙在三个男孩中喝牛奶最多。)
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表示倍数的比较级用法
1. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.
(A 是 B……的几倍……),两倍用 twice,三倍及三倍以上用“数字 times”。
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)
2.A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.(A 比 B……大/高/长……倍)
如:Our school is twice bigger than yours. (我们学校比你们学校大两倍.)
,