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高考英语谓语动词解题技巧(高考英语语法问答002)

高考英语谓语动词解题技巧

高考英语语法重难点问答︱解析︱运用

第一章 简单句

高考英语语法问答002

Q: 谓语动词和非谓语动词有什么区别?

A: 谓语动词受到主语单复数的影响,但非谓语动词不受影响;其二非谓语动词结构在句中可以做主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等,而谓语动词只能做谓语,不能做其他成分。

「例句解析」

例1

With Father’s Day around the corner, he has taken some money out of the bank to buy presents for his dad.

With Father’s Day around the corner, they have taken some money out of the bank to buy presents for their dads.

(解析:谓语动词受主语影响发生变化,非谓语动词没有变化,不定式结构做句子的目的状语)

例2

The road being built outside the school bothers the students a lot.

The roads being built outside the school bother the students a lot.

(解析:谓语动词受主语影响发生变化,非谓语动词没有变化,现在分词结构做road的后置定语)

「内涵外延」

动词运用‘三要素’原理:谓语动词和非谓语动词都要遵循动词运用“三要素”原理:即动词运用要同时综合考虑动词的时间,状态和语态,例如:

1. With Father’s Day around the corner, he has taken some money out of the bank to buy presents for his dad.

(解析:谓语动词has taken“从银行取出钱”发生时间既有过去,又包含现在,现在完成时的本质就是过去和现在的联系,动作状态为“已完成”;主语he和谓语动词的关系为主动语态关系;非谓语动词to buy的发生时间取决于和谓语动词的比较,先取钱,后去买礼物,故不定时to buy发生在谓语动词之后,面向将来,动作状态为“未完成”,to buy的逻辑主语是he, 主谓之间为主动关系。)

2. He is busy preparing for an international contest to be held in Shanghai next month.

(解析:谓语动词is busy preparing…发生时间为现在,动作状态为未完成,主谓之间为主动关系;非谓语动词to be held发生时间在谓语动词之后,面向将来,动作状态为未完成,逻辑主语为contest, 逻辑主语和非谓语之间为被动关系,故用不定式的被动式)

3. Using these plastic coke bottles, together with some metal lines, they have made a beautiful vase, looking very much like a flower.

(解析:谓语动词时间为‘过去和现在’,状态为已完成,主谓之间为主动关系;第一个非谓语using发生时间和谓语动词have made交织在一起,可以看作同时发生,动作状态依附谓语动词,所以为已完成,逻辑主语they和非谓语动词using之间是主动关系;第二个非谓语looking逻辑主语为vase, 但look为不及物动词,没有被动式,故只能用主动形式looking。)

4. The road ____ (build) outside the school bothers the students a lot.

(解析:没有连接词,判断为简单句,故build只能用非谓语结构,根据语境,校外在建的路非常打扰学生学习,非谓语动词和谓语动词同时发生,状态为未完成,逻辑主语the road和非谓语build之间为被动关系,故填现在分词被动式being built)

5. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the device is an excellent water collector.

(解析:非谓语动词developed发生在过去,在谓语动词之前发生,状态为已完成,逻辑主语the device和develop之间为被动关系)


说明:为了击破核心知识点,英语语法文章采用“一问一答”形式,聚焦核心语法知识的内涵和外延,希望能够帮助读者掌握「英语语法的本质和逻辑体系」。

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