一、不定代词概述:用于指代非特定,不确定的名词或形容词的代词。

二、不定代词的用法:与其它代词一样,不定代词在句中起名词和形容词的作用,主要承担主语,宾语(介词宾语),表语和定语。但也有部分不定代词在句中只能起名词作用或只起形容词作用,因此我们在学习过程中要特别注意。下面让我们一起来归纳总结一下各类不定代词的用法:

I. 不定代词 some, any, no, every及其与 -thing, -body, -one 的复合代词的用法:

不定代词something和everything(不定代词用法之some)(1)

1. some 与 any:

意思是 “一些”。在句中可用作:主语,宾语(介词宾语),表语和定语。一般情况下,some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句和疑问句中:

做定语时可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词

--I have some tea here.我这儿有些茶叶.--I have some English books.我有一些英语书。

--Do you have any friends at school?你在学校有些朋友吗?

--I don't have any water to drink (我没有一些水喝。)

做主语,宾语,表语时可指代可数名词,也可指代不可数名词

Do you know where I can get any coffee? There is some in the kitchen. 你知道哪儿能弄到一些咖啡?厨房里有一些。

Some of his jokes were very rude. 他的有些玩笑非常粗鲁。

I heard some of the audience heckle me with loud whistles. 我听到观众中有人大声吹口哨向我起哄。

A teacher should not favour any of his pupils. 教师不应该偏爱任何一个学生。

some 可用于疑问句中,表示问话人希望得到肯定回答

Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吗?

Why not buy some bread? 为什么不买些面包呢?

Shall I get some chalk for you? 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗?

some 可用于修饰单数可数名词,表示 “某一”

But for some reason she just trusted me. 但因某种原因,她就这样相信我。

I read it in some book or other . 我在某本书上读到过这个。

any 可用于肯定句中,表示 “任何”

Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行。

Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以。

Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。)

any 可用于修饰形容词比较级,表示前者比后者 “更多,大,好”

But it doesn’t mean they can do it any better than the rest of us. 但是那不意味着他们能比剩下的我们做的更好

2. no 与 every 只用作定语。no 意思是 “没有” every 意思是 “每一”

There is no time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点)

They had no reading books to lend.(他们没有阅读用书可以出借)

I listened carefully to every word he said. 他说的每一个字我都听得很仔细。

3. 由 some, any, no, every 与 -thing, -body, -one 构成的复合不定代词的用法:

这些复合不定代词只起名词作用,在句中用作主语,宾语(介词宾语),表语;其中 some- 复合词一般用于肯定句中,any-复合词一般用于疑问句和否定句中。但在疑问句中,表示问话人希望得到肯定回答时用 some- 复合不定代词。any-复合词在表示 “任何” 时,可用于肯定句。

I should take something to read on the plane. 我应该带点东西在飞机上读。

Is there anything I can do to help? 有没有什么是我可以效劳的?

We didn’t have anything to eat for three days. 我们连着三天没吃过任何东西。

Would you like something to drink? 你想喝点什么吗?

You can buy anything you want. 你想要什么(任何东西)都可以买。

这些复合不定代词在应用中还应该注意以下几点:

复合不定代词受定语修饰时,定语应放在它们后面:

There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。

Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous? 你见过名人吗?

指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their:

Everyone knows this, doesn’t he [don’t they]? 人人都知道这一点,不是吗?

If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来,让他等着。

指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语,谓语动词只能用单数,相应的人称代词也只能用 it,而不用 they:

Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了,是吗?

4. any与not连用——是any not 还是 not any

按英语习惯,any 以及含有any的复合不定代词用于否定句时,它只能出现在否定词之后,而不能在否定词之前:

误:Any one doesn’t know how to do it.

正:No one knows how to do it. 任何人都不知道如何做它。

误:Anybody [Anyone] cannot do it.

正:Nobody [No one] can do it. 这事谁也干不了。

误:Anything cannot prevent me from going.

正:Nothing can prevent me from going. 什么也不能阻挡我去。

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