Word List 22
gre词汇精选俞敏洪
Word List 22
infest
[ɪnˈfest]
v. 大批出没于，骚扰（to spread or swarm in or over in a troublesome manner）；寄生于（to live in or on as a parasite）
记 联想记忆：in（进入）＋fest（集会）→全部来参加集会→大批出没于，骚扰
hunch
[hʌntʃ]
n. 直觉，预感（an intuitive feeling or a premonition）
搭 have a hunch (that) 有预感（将发生…）
regulatory
[ˈreɡjələtɔːri]
adj. 按规矩来的，依照规章的；调整的
plausible
[ˈplɔːzəbl]
adj. 看似有理的，似是而非的（superficially fair, reasonable, or valuable but often specious）；有道理的，可信的（appearing worthy of belief）
记 词根记忆：plaus（鼓掌）＋ible→值得鼓掌的→看似有力的，似是而非的
例 Eric was frustrated because, although he was adept at making lies sound plausible, when
telling the truth, he lacked the power to make himself believed.
同 believable, colorable, credible, creditable
audit
[ˈɔːdɪt]
v. 旁听（to attend (a course) without working for or expecting to receive formal credit）；审计，查账（to examine and check account）
nomadic
[noʊˈmædɪk]
adj. 游牧的（of nomad）；流浪的痛 itinerant, peripatetic, vagabond, vagrant
diurnal
[daɪˈɜːrnl]
adj. 白昼的，白天的（of daytime）
记 词根记忆：di（白天）＋urnal（…的）→白天的
sanctuary
[ˈsæ ktʃueri]
n. 圣地；庇护所，避难所；庇护
搭 wildlife sanctuary 野生动物保护区
contrive
[kənˈtraɪv]
v. 计划，设计（to think up; devise; scheme）
记 词根记忆：contri（反）＋ve（＝ven 走）→（和普通人）反着走→设计（新东西）→计划，设计
同 connive, intrigue, machinate, plot
cardinal
[ˈkɑːrdɪnl]
adj. 首要的，主要的（of basic importance） n. 红衣主教
记 词根记忆：card（心）＋inal→心一样的→首要的，主要的
vicious
[ˈvɪʃəs]
adj. 邪恶的，堕落的（having the nature or quality of vice or immorality）；恶意的，恶毒的（spiteful; malicious）；凶猛的，危险的（dangerously aggressive）
记 联想记忆：vic(e)（邪恶）＋ious→邪恶的；恶毒的
authentic
[ɔːˈθentɪk]
adj. 真正的，真实的（genuine; real）；可信的（legally attested）
记 词根记忆：authent（＝author 作家）＋ic→自己就是作家→真正的
unbecoming
[ˌʌnbɪˈkʌmɪ ]
adj. 不合身的（not suited to the wearer）；不得体的（improper）
记 联想记忆un（不）＋becoming（合适的）→不合身的
approbation
[ˌæprəˈbeɪʃn]
n. 赞许（commendation）；认可（official approval）
记 词根记忆：ap＋prob（＝prove 证实）＋ation→证实是好的→赞许
slavish
[ˈsleɪvɪʃ]
adj. 卑屈的；效仿的，无创造性的（copying obsequiously or without originality）
记 词根记忆：slav(e)（奴隶）＋ish（形容词后缀，表属性）→奴性的→卑屈的
sage
[seɪʤ]
adj. 智慧的（wise; discerning） n. 智者（a very wise person）
例 The sage, by definition, possesses wisdom; the virtuoso, by definition, possesses expertise.
aghast
[əˈɡæst]
adj. 惊骇的，吓呆的（feeling great horror or dismay; terrified）
记 联想记忆：a（…的）＋ghast（＝ghost 鬼）→像看到鬼似的→吓呆的
同 frightened, scared, scary
flaggy
[ˈflæɡi]
adj. 枯萎的；松软无力的（lacking vigor or force）
construction
[kənˈstrʌkʃn]
n. 结构，句法关系（syntactical arrangement）；解释，理解
同 construal, explanation, explication, exposition, interpretation
earthiness
[ˈɜːrθinəs]
n. 土质，土性（the state of earth）
记 来自earthy（adj. 泥土的，土的）
intimate
[ˈɪntɪmət] adj. 亲密的（closely acquainted） n. 密友（an intimate friend or companion）
[ˈɪntɪmeɪt] v. 暗示（to hint or imply; suggest）
记 词根记忆：intim（最深入的）＋ate→亲密的
例 Even those siblings whose childhood was dominated by familial feuding and intense rivalry for their parents' affection can nevertheless develop congenial and even intimate relationships with each other in their adult lives.
foreshadow
[fɔːrˈʃædoʊ]
v. 成为先兆，预示（to represent, indicate, or typify beforehand）
记 组合词：fore（预先）＋shadow（影子）→影子先来→预示
institutionalized
[ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃənəlaɪzd]
adj. 制度化的（making into an institution）
例 As the creation of new knowledge through science has become institutionalized resistance to
innovation has become less aggressive taking the form of inertia rather than direct attack.
invalidate
[ɪnˈvælɪdeɪt]
v. 使无效，使作废（to make invalid）
例 Strindberg's plays are marked by his extreme misogyny; he felt modern woman needed to
dominate man and by subordinating him invalidate his masculinity.
privacy
[ˈpraɪvəsi]
n. 隐居，隐退（the quality or state of being apart from company or observation）；隐私（freedom
from unauthorized intrusion）；秘密（secrecy）
例 Though extremely reticent about his own plans, the man allowed his associates no such
privacy and was constantly soliciting information about what they intended to do next.
同 concealment, privateness
underscore
[ˌʌndərˈskɔːr]
v. 在…下面画线（to draw a line under）；强调（to make evident）
记 组合词：under（在…下面）＋score（画线）→在…下面画线
paragon
[ˈpærəɡɑːn]
n. 模范，典范（a model of excellence or perfection）
记 词根记忆：para（旁边）＋gon（比较）→放在旁边作为比较的对象→模范，典范
pitcher
[ˈpɪtʃər]
n. 有柄水罐（a container for liquids that usually has a handle）
同 jugrudimentary
[ˌruːdɪˈmentri]
adj. 初步的（fundamental; elementary）；未充分发展的
记 词根记忆：rudi（无知的，粗鲁的）＋ment＋ary→无知状态→初步的
reaffirm
[ˌriːəˈfɜːrm]
v. 再次确定（confirm again）；重申（to state again positively）
记 分析记忆：re（再次）＋affirm（确定）→再次确定
transformation
[ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃn]
n. 转化，转变（an act, process, or instance of transforming or being transformed）
例 Doreen justifiably felt she deserved recognition for the fact that the research institute had been returned to a position of preeminence, since it was she who had directed the transformation.
infinitesimal
[ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesɪml]
adj. 极微小的（infinitely small） n. 极小量
记 词根记忆：in（不）＋fin（边界）＋ite＋sim（百分之一）＋al→无穷小的→极微小的
discontent
[ˌdɪskənˈtent]
n. 不满（lack of contentment） v. 使不满（to make discontented） adj. 不满的（discontented）
hieroglyph
[ˈhaɪərəɡlɪf]
n. 象形文字，神秘符号（a picture or symbol used in hieroglyphic writing）
记 词根记忆：hier（神圣的）＋o＋glyph（写，刻）→神写的字→神秘符号
reciprocity
[ˌresɪˈprɑːsəti]
n. 相互性（the quality or state of being reciprocal）；互惠（a mutual exchange of privileges）
例 The state is a network of exchanged benefits and beliefs, a reciprocity between rulers and citizens based on those laws and procedures that are conducive to the maintenance of community.
disdain
[dɪsˈdeɪn]
v. 轻视，鄙视（to refuse or reject with aloof contempt or scorn） n. 轻视，鄙视（contempt）
记 词根记忆：dis（不）＋dain（＝dign 高贵）→把人弄得不高贵→轻视
搭 disdain for 轻视
同 contemn, despise
transcribe
[trænˈskraɪb]
v. 抄写，转录（to make a written copy）
记 词根记忆：trans（交换）＋(s)cribe（写）→交换着写→抄写
grandiloquence
[ɡrænˈdɪləkwəns]
n. 豪言壮语，夸张之言（a lofty, extravagantly colorful, pompous, or bombastic style, manner, or quality especially in language）
picturesque
[ˌpɪktʃəˈresk]
adj. 如画的（resembling a picture）；独特的，别具风格的（charming or quaint in appearance）
unspoiled
[ˌʌnˈspɔɪld]
adj. 未损坏的，未宠坏的
记 联想记忆：un（不）＋spoil（损坏）＋ed→未损坏的
problematic
[ˌprɑːbləˈmætɪk]
adj. 成问题的（posing a problem）；有疑问的，值得怀疑的（open to doubt; debatable）；未知的，未解决的（not definite or settled）
例 As early as the seventeenth century, philosophers called attention to the problematic character of the issue, and their twentieth-century counterparts still approach it with uneasiness.
nonradioactive
[ˌnɑːnˈreɪdioʊˈæktɪv]
adj. 非放射性的
记 联想记忆：non（不）＋radioactive（放射性的）→非放射性的
搭 nonradioactive labeling 非放射性标记
recklessness
[ˈrekləsnəs]
n. 鲁莽，轻率
记 来自reckless（adj. 鲁莽的；不计后果的）
snub
[snʌb]
v. 冷落，不理睬（to treat with contempt or neglect）
同 cold-shoulder, rebuff
obstacle
[ˈɑːbstəkl]
n. 障碍，妨碍物
记 词根记忆：ob（反）＋sta（站）＋(a)cle（表东西）→反着站，挡住了去路→障碍
搭 obstacle to (doing) sth. （做）某事的障碍
同 hurdle, impediment, obstruction, snag
rag
[ræɡ]
n. 旧布，碎布（old cloth）；破旧衣服（an old worn-out garment）
搭 lose one's rag 发怒，生气
modifier
[ˈmɑːdɪfaɪər]
n. 修改者（one that modifies）；修饰语（a word or phrase that makesspecific the meaning of another word or phrase）
prototype
[ˈproʊtətaɪp]
n. 原型（an original model; archetype）；典型（a standard or typical example）
记 词根记忆：proto（起初）＋type（形状）→起初的形状→原型
例 This project is the first step in a long-range plan of research whose ultimate goal, still many
years off, is the creation of a new prototype.
interdependent
[ˌɪntərdɪˈpendənt]
adj. 相互依赖的，互助的（mutually dependent）
记 联想记忆：inter（在…中间）＋dependent（依赖的）→在中间依赖的→相互依赖的
entertain
[ˌentərˈteɪn]
v. 款待，招待（to show hospitality to）；使欢乐，娱乐（to provide entertainment for）
记 联想记忆：enter（进入）＋tain（拿住）→拿着东西进去→款待，招待
optimistic
[ˌɑːptɪˈmɪstɪk]
adj. 乐观的（believing that good things will happen in the future）
记 词根记忆：optim（最好的）＋istic→最好的→乐观的
搭 be optimistic about 对…持乐观的心态
paleolithic
[ˌpæliəˈlɪθɪk]
adj. 旧石器时代的（of or relating to the earliest period of the Stone Age characterized by rough or chipped stone implements）
记 词根记忆：paleo（古老的）＋lith（石头）＋ic→旧石器的→旧石器时代的
undercut
[ˌʌndərˈkʌt]
v. 削价（与竞争者）抢生意（to sell goods or services more cheaply than a competitor）
记 联想记忆：under（在…下面）＋cut（砍）→偷偷把价格砍掉→削价（与竞争者）抢生意
dehydrate
[diːˈhaɪdreɪt]
v. 使脱水（to remove water from）
记 词根记忆：de（去除）＋hydr（水）＋ate→使脱水
recoil
[rɪˈkɔɪl]
v. 弹回，反冲（to fall back under pressure）；退却，退缩（to shrink back physically or emotionally）
记 词根记忆：re（反）＋coil（卷，盘绕）→卷回去→退缩
evocative
[ɪˈvɑːkətɪv]
adj. 唤起的，激起的（tending to evoke）
例 The documentary film about high school life was so realistic and evocative that feelings of nostalgia flooded over the college-age audience.
kidney
[ˈkɪdni]
n. 肾
记 联想记忆：kid（孩子）＋ney→这个孩子爱吃腰花→肾
distraught
[dɪˈstrɔːt]
adj. 心神狂乱的，发狂的（mentally confused）；心烦意乱的（distressed）
记 由distract（v. 分散注意力；使不安）变化而来
digressive
[daɪˈɡresɪv]
adj. 离题的，枝节的（characterized by digressions）
搭 digressive remarks 离题的言论
blackmail
[ˈblækmeɪl]
v/n. 敲诈，勒索（payment extorted by threatening）
记 组合词：black（黑）＋mail（寄信）→寄黑信→敲诈
defrost
[ˌdiːˈfrɔːst]
v. 解冻（to release from a frozen state）；将…除霜（to free from ice）
记 分拆记忆：de＋frost（霜冻）→将霜除去→解冻
replicate
[ˈreplɪkeɪt]
v. 复制（to produce a replica of itself）
记 词根记忆：re（再次）＋plic（折叠）＋ate→再次折叠→复制
venture
[ˈventʃər]
v. 敢于（to expose to hazard）；冒险（to undertake the risks and dangers of） n. 冒险（an undertaking involving chance, risk, or danger）
记 发音记忆：“玩车”→玩车一族追求的就是冒险→冒险
同 adventure
snug
[snʌɡ]
adj. 温暖舒适的（warm and comfortable; cozy）
搭 snug harbor 避风港
murderous
[ˈmɜːrdərəs]
adj. 蓄意谋杀的，凶残的（having the purpose or capability of murder）；极厉害的，要命的（having the ability or power to overwhelm）
odious
[ˈoʊdiəs]adj. 可憎的，令人作呕的（disgusting; offensive）
记 发音记忆：“呕得要死”→可憎的，令人作呕的
irony
[ˈaɪrəni]
n. 反话（the use of words to express something other than and especially the opposite of the literal
meaning）；讽刺意味（incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs）；出乎意料的结果（the opposite of what is expected）
记 联想记忆：iron（铁）＋y→像铁一样冷冰冰的话→反话
例 This final essay, its prevailing kindliness marred by occasional flashes of savage irony,
bespeaks the dichotomous character of the author.
function
[ˈfʌ kʃn]
v. 运行（to serve; operate） n. 功能；职责（professional or official position）
记 发音记忆：“放颗心”→公务员的职责就是让人民放心→职责
untold
[ˌʌnˈtoʊld]
adj. 无数的，数不清的（too great or numerous to count）
stereotype
[ˈsteriətaɪp]
n. 固定形式，老套（sth. conforming to a fixed or general pattern）
记 联想记忆：stereo（立体）＋type（形状）→固定形式
dubious
[ˈduːbiəs]
adj. 可疑的（slightly suspicious about）；有问题的，靠不住的（questionable or suspect as to true
nature or quality）
记 词根记忆：dub（二，双）＋ious→两种状态→不肯定的，怀疑的→可疑的
同 disputable, dubitable, equivocal, problematic
tricky
[ˈtrɪki]
adj. 狡猾的（inclined to or marked by trickery）
同 crafty, cunning
astute
[əˈstuːt]
adj. 机敏的，精明的（showing clever or shrewd mind; cunning; crafty）
记 来自拉丁文astus（灵活）
divulge
[daɪˈvʌlʤ]
v. 泄露，透露（to make known; disclose）
记 词根记忆：di（分离）＋vulg（人们）→使从秘密状态中脱离并被人们知道→透露
同 betray, reveal
repudiation
[rɪˌpjuːdiˈeɪʃn]
n. 拒绝接受，否认（the act of repudiating）
例 The repudiation of Puritanism in seventeenth-century England expressed itself not only in retaliatory laws to restrict Puritans, but also in a general attitude of contempt for Puritans.
perpetuate
[pərˈpetʃueɪt]
v. 使永存（to make perpetual）
记 词根记忆：per（贯穿）＋pet（追求）＋uate→永远追求→使永存
architect
[ˈɑːrkɪtekt]
n. 建筑师（person who designs buildings and supervises their construction）
记 联想记忆：archi（统治者，主要的）＋tect（做）→统治造房的人→建筑师
vent
[vent]v. 发泄（感情，尤指愤怒）（to discharge; expel）；开孔（to provide with a vent） n. 孔，口（an opening）
solemnity
[səˈlemnəti]
n. 庄严，肃穆（formal or ceremonious observance）
记 来自solemn（adj. 严肃的）
同 sedateness, solemnness, staidness
onerous
[ˈɑːnərəs]
adj. 繁重的，费力的（burdensome）
记 词根记忆：oner（负担）＋ous→负担重的→繁重的
sap
[sæp]
n. 树液（the watery fluid that circulates through a plant）；活力（vigor; vitality） v. 削弱，耗尽（to weaken; exhaust）
同 attenuate, cripple, debilitate, enfeeble, unbrace, undermine
raisin
[ˈreɪzn]
n. 葡萄干（a grape that has been dried）
sincerity
[sɪnˈserəti]
n. 诚挚（the quality or state of being sincere）
同 candour, frankness, genuineness, honesty
impressionable
[ɪmˈpreʃənəbl]
adj. 易受影响的（easily affected by impressions）
例 We realized that John was still young and impressionable, but were nevertheless surprised at his naivete.
invention
[ɪnˈvenʃn]
n. 发明，创造（the act or process of inventing）；发明才能，创适力（skill in inventing;
inventiveness）；发现，找到（discovery; finding）
atomic
[əˈtɑːmɪk]
adj. 原子的（of, relating to, or concerned with atoms）；微小的（minute）
记 来自atom（v. 原子）
primordial
[praɪˈmɔːrdiəl]
adj. 原始的，最初的（first created or developed）
同 primeval, primitive
voluptuous
[vəˈlʌptʃuəs]
adj. 撩人的（suggesting sensual pleasure）；沉溺酒色的（abandoned to enjoyments of luxury, pleasure, or sensual gratification）
记 词根记忆：volupt（享乐，快感）＋uous→沉溺酒色的
intemperance
[ɪnˈtempərəns]
n. 放纵，不节制，过度（lack of temperance）
同 excess, overindulgence, surfeit
inert
[ɪˈnɜːrt]
adj. 惰性的（having few or no active chemical or other properties）；呆滞的，迟缓的（dull; slow）
同 词根记忆：in（不）＋ert（动）→不动的→惰性的
indict
[ɪnˈdaɪt]
v. 控诉，起诉（to make a formal accusation against; accuse）
记 词根记忆：in（进入）＋dict（说）→（在法庭上）把…说出来→控诉
同 criminate, impeach, incriminate, inculpate
untutored
[ˌʌnˈtuːtərd]
adj. 未受教育的（having no formal learning or training）
unpredictable
[ˌʌnprɪˈdɪktəbl]
adj. 不可预知的
discourse
[ˈdɪskɔːrs]
n. 演讲，论述（a long and formal treatment of a subject, in speech or writing; dissertation）
记 联想记忆：dis＋course（课程）→进行课堂演讲→演讲
undertake
[ˌʌndərˈteɪk]
v. 承担（to take upon oneself）；担保，保证（to guarantee, promise）
记 联想记忆：under（在…下面）＋take（拿）→在下面拿→承担
contact
[ˈkɑːntækt]
v. 接触（to touch）；互通信息（to get in communication with）
记 词根记忆：con＋tact（接触）→接触
同 contingence, commerce, communion, intercourse
ductile
[ˈdʌktaɪl]
adj. 易延展的（capable of being stretched）；可塑的（easily molded; pliable）
记 词根记忆：duct（引导）＋ile→易引导的→可塑的
crestfallen
[ˈkrestfɔːlən]
adj. 挫败的，失望的（dejected, disheartened, or humbled）
记 联想记忆：crest（鸡冠）＋fallen→鸡冠下垂→斗败了的→挫败的
affordable
[əˈfɔːrdəbl]
adj. 负担得起的（being able to buy sth.）
记 词根记忆：afford（v. 买得起）＋able（adj. 能）→负担得起的
restitution
[ˌrestɪˈtuːʃn]
n. 归还（a restoration to its rightful owner）；赔偿（giving an equivalent for some injury）
记 词根记忆：re（重新）＋stitut（站立）＋ion→重新站过去→归还
unquestionable
[ʌnˈkwestʃənəbl]
adj. 毫无疑问的，无懈可击的（not questionable）
同 authentic, veritable
opportune
[ˌɑːpərˈtuːn]
adj. 合适的，适当的（right for a particular purpose）
记 词根记忆：op（向）＋port（搬运）＋une→向着某物搬→合适的，适当的
modulate
[ˈmɑːʤəleɪt]
v. 调整，调节（to adjust to or keep in proper measure or proportion; regulate by or adjust to）；调音 （to tune to a key or pitch）
conversant
[kənˈvɜːrsnt]
adj. 精通的，熟悉的（familiar or acquainted; versed）记 词根记忆：con＋vers（转）＋ant→全方位转→精通的
dental
[ˈdentl]
adj. 牙齿的，牙科的（of or relating to the teeth or dentistry）
记 词根记忆：dent（牙齿）＋al（…的）→牙齿的
essentially
[ɪˈsenʃəli]
adv. 本质上；基本上（basically）
记 来自essential（adj. 本质的；基本的）
porous
[ˈpɔːrəs]
adj. 可渗透的（capable of being penetrated）；多孔的（full of pores）
记 来自pore（n. 孔）
disposable
[dɪˈspoʊzəbl]
adj. 一次性的（made to be thrown away after use）；可自由使用的（available for use）
conserve
[kənˈsɜːrv]
v. 保存，保藏（to keep in a safe or sound state）
记 词根记忆：con（全部）＋serv（服务，保持）＋e→全都保持下去→保存
incongruous
[ɪnˈkɑː ɡruəs]
adj. 不协调的，不一致的（incompatible, disagreeing, inconsistent within itself; unsuitable）
detrimental
[ˌdetrɪˈmentl]
adj. 损害的，造成伤害的（causing detriment; harmful）
记 来自detriment（n. 损害，伤害）
同 damaging, deleterious, injurious, mischievous, nocuous
cyclical
[ˈsaiklɪkl]
adj. 循环的（recurring in cycles）
记 来自cycle（n. 循环）
misogyny
[mɪˈsɑːʤɪni]
n. 厌恶女人（hatred of women）
例 Strindberg's plays are marked by his extreme misogyny, he felt modern woman needed to
dominate man and by subordinating him invalidate his masculinity.
alternative
[ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv]
adj. 轮流的，交替的（alternate）；两者择一的（offering or expressing a choice）
记 词根记忆：alter（改变状态，其他的）＋native（…的）→改变状态的→轮流的，交替的
同 backup, substitute, surrogate
immutability
[ɪˌmjuːtəˈbɪləti]
n. 不变，不变性（the quality of being incapable of mutation）
stratagem
[ˈstrætəʤəm]
n. 谋略，策略（a cleverly contrived trick or scheme）
记 词根记忆：strata（层次）＋gem→有层次的计划→谋略
例 That the Third Battalion's fifty-percent casualty rate transformed its assault on Hill 306 from a brilliant stratagem into a debacle does not gainsay eyewitness reports of its commander's extraordinary cleverness in deploying his forces.
brownish
[ˈbraʊnɪʃ]
adj. 成褐色的
记 来自brown（n. 褐色）
significant
[sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt]
adj. 相当数量的（considerable）；意义重大的（having an important meaning）
记 联想记忆：sign（标记）＋i＋fic（做）＋ant→做了很多标记的→相当数量的；意义重大的
同 substantial; momentous
coercion
[koʊˈɜːrʒn]
n. 强制，高压统治（the act, process, or power of coercing）
同 compulsion, constraint, enforcement
tribal
[ˈtraɪbl]
adj. 部落的，部族的（of, relating to, or characteristic of a tribe）
immobile
[ɪˈmoʊbl]
adj. 稳定的，不动的，静止的（fixed, motionless）
unbridled
[ʌnˈbraɪdld]
adj. 放纵的，不受约束的（unrestrained）
同 unchecked, uncurbed, ungoverned
economize
[ɪˈkɑːnəmaɪz]
v. 节约，节省（to save）
记 来自economy（adj. 经济的 n. 节约）
bereave
[bɪˈriːv]
v. 夺去，丧亲（to deprive; dispossess）
记 词根记忆：be＋reave（抢夺）→抢夺掉→丧亲；reave本身是一个单词
同 disinherit, divest, oust
propaganda
[ˌprɑːpəˈɡændə]
n. 宣传（the spreading of ideas, information）
yearn
[jɜːrn]
v. 盼望，渴望（to long persistently）
记 联想记忆：year（年）＋n→一年到头盼望→盼望，渴望
同 crave, hanker, lust, pine
informality
[ˌɪnfɔːrˈmæləti]
n. 非正式，不拘礼节
intrinsic[ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk]
adj. 固有的，内在的，本质的（belonging to the essential nature）
例 In his address, the superintendent exhorted the teachers to discover and develop each student's intrinsic talents.
同 congenital, connate, elemental, inherent, innate
trait
[treɪt]
n. （人的）显著特性（a distinguishing feature, as of a person's character）
同 attribute, characteristic, peculiarity
downfall
[ˈdaʊnfɔːl]
n. 垮台（a sudden fall）
同 overthrow, upset
adequate
[ˈædɪkwət]
adj. 足够的（sufficient）
记 词根记忆：ad（加强）＋equ（平等）＋ate（…的）→比平等多的→足够的
同 competent, satisfactory
thoughtful
[ˈθɔːtfl]
adj. 深思的（absorbed in thought）
例 Even those who disagreed with Carmen's views rarely faulted her for expressing them, for the
positions she took were as thoughtful as they were controversial.
同 cogitative, contemplative, meditative, pensive
trace
[treɪs]
n. 痕迹 v. 追踪
例 As delicate and fragile as insect bodies are, it is remarkable that over the ages enough of them have survived, preserved in amber, for scientists to trace insect evolution.
同 engram, relic
reward
[rɪˈwɔːrd]
n. 报酬，奖赏 v. 酬谢，奖赏（to give a reward to）
记 联想记忆：re＋ward（看作word，话语）→再次发话给予奖赏→奖赏
例 He was indifferent to success, painting not for the sake of fame or monetary reward, but for the sheer love of art.
exoneration[ɪɡˌzɑːnəˈreɪʃn]
n. 免除（责任、义务、苦难等）（a freeing or clearing from a responsibility, obligation, or hardship）
institution
[ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃn]
n. 机构（an established organization or corporation）；制度
记 来自institute（v. 设立，创立；制定）
例 During the 1960's assessments of the family shifted remarkably, from general endorsement of it as a worthwhile, stable institution to wide spread censure of it as an oppressive and bankrupt one whose dissolution was both imminent and welcome.
warrantable
[ˈwɔːrəntəbl]
adj. 可保证的，可承认的（capable of being warranted）
resonant
[ˈrezənənt]
adj. （声音）洪亮的（enriched by resonance）；回响的，共鸣的（echoing）
记 词根记忆：re（反）＋son（声音）＋ant→回声→回响的
crash
[kræʃ]
v. 猛撞（to break violently and noisily）；猛冲直闯（to enter or attend without invitation or
paying）；撞碎（to break or go to pieces with or as if with violence and noise）
记 象声词：破裂声→撞碎
trauma
[ˈtraʊmə]
n. 创伤，外伤（an injury to living tissue caused by an extrinsic agent）
例 Because of the trauma they have experienced, survivors of a major catastrophe are likely to exhibit aberrations of behavior and may require the aid of competent therapists.
sophomoric
[ˈsɑːfəmɔːrɪk]
adj. 一知半解的（conceited and overconfident of knowledge but poorly informed and immature）
formation
[fɔːrˈmeɪʃn]
n. 组成，形成（thing that is formed）；编队，排列（an arrangement of a group of persons in some prescribed manner or for a particular purpose）
记 词根记忆：form（形状）＋ation→形成形状→形成
talented
[ˈtæləntɪd]adj. 天才的（showing a natural aptitude for sth.）
例 Gaddis is a formidably talented writer whose work has been, unhappily, more likely to
intimidate or repel his readers than to lure them into his fictional world.
pilgrim
[ˈpɪlɡrɪm]
n. 朝圣者（one who travels to a shrine as a devotee）；（在国外的）旅行者
同 wayfarer
reverential
[ˌrevəˈrenʃl]
adj. 表示尊敬的，恭敬的（expressing or having a quality of reverence）
例 The columnist was almost reverential when he mentioned his friends, but he was unpleasant and even acrimonious when he discussed people who irritated him.
unreserved
[ˌʌnrɪˈzɜːrvd]
adj. 无限制的（without limit）；未被预订的（not reserved）
记 联想记忆：un（不）＋reserved（预订的）→未被预订的
captious
[ˈkæpʃəs]
adj. 吹毛求疵的（quick to find fault; carping）
记 联想记忆：capt（拿）＋ious→拿（别人的缺点）→吹毛求疵的
sordid
[ˈsɔːrdɪd]
adj. 卑鄙的；肮脏的（dirty, filthy）
同 foul, mean, seedy
negotiable
[nɪˈɡoʊʃiəbl]
adj. 可协商的（capable of being negotiated）；可通行的
同 navigable, passable
monumental
[ˌmɑːnjuˈmentl]
adj. 极大的（massive; impressively large）；纪念碑的（built as a monument）
记 来自monument（n. 纪念碑）
awe
[ɔː]
n/v. 敬畏（to cause a mixed feeling of reverence and fear）
记 发音记忆：发音像“噢”→表示敬畏的声音→敬畏
搭 be in awe of... 对…望而生畏；对…感到害怕
cryptic
[ˈkrɪptɪk]
adj. 秘密的，神秘的（mysterious; baffling）
记 词根记忆：crypt（秘密）＋ic→秘密的
intransigent
[ɪnˈtrænzɪʤənt]
adj. 不妥协的（uncompromising）
记 联想记忆：in（不）＋transigent（妥协的）→不妥协的
例 Always circumspect, she was reluctant to make judgments, but once arriving at a conclusion, she was intransigent in its defense.
同 incompliant, intractable, obstinate, pertinacious
Genius only means hard-working all one's life.
天才只意味着终身不懈地努力。
——俄国化学家 门捷列夫（Mendeleyev, Russian chemist）
