暗黑模式在过去几年中最受欢迎,各大操作系统也全部支持了暗黑模式,并在浏览器中提供了查询是否开启暗黑模式的接口。接下来以vue3的element-plus为例,通过切换全局css变量的方式,实现主题换肤与暗黑模式设置。
一、主流换肤实现思路1. 修改全局CSS变量
- 在全局css文件或 app.vue中定义全局CSS变量
<style>
:root{
--background_color:red
}
</style>
- 其他组件使用全局CSS变量
<style scoped>
.test{
background: var(--background_color);
}
</style>
- 切换主题(修改全局CSS变量)
const changeTheme = () => {
document.documentElement.style.setProperty("--background_color","green");
}
2. 切换主题CSS文件
- 新建多套主题的css文件,放在assets文件夹的css文件夹中
# assets/css/theme_green.css
.bg {
background: green;
}
# assets/css/theme_red.css
.bg {
background: red;
}
- 设置默认主题(初始化样式)
# src/App.vue
import {onMounted} from "vue";
onMounted(() => {
let link = document.createElement('link');
link.type = 'text/css';
link.id = "theme";
link.rel = 'stylesheet';
link.href = 'assets/css/theme_red.css';
document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(link);
},
- 切换主题
const changeTheme = () => {
document.getElementById('theme').href = 'assets/css/theme_green.css'
}
3. 使用css预处理器(例如 scss,通过mixin混入器切换)
- 新建一个scss文件,里面配置不同的主题配色方案
$themes: (
light: (
//字体
font_color1: #414141,
font_color2: white,
//背景
background_color1: #fff,
background_color2: #f0f2f5,
),
dark: (
//字体
font_color1: #a7a7a7,
font_color2: white,
//背景
background_color1: #1b2531,
background_color2: #283142,
)
);
- 定义另外一个sass文件,来操作前面的$theme变量(当然两个文件可以合并,分开写是想把配置和操作解耦)
@import "./_themes.scss";
//遍历主题map
@mixin themeify {
@each $theme-name, $theme-map in $themes {
//!global 把局部变量强升为全局变量
$theme-map: $theme-map !global;
//判断html的data-theme的属性值 #{}是sass的插值表达式
//& sass嵌套里的父容器标识 @content是混合器插槽,像vue的slot
[data-theme="#{$theme-name}"] & {
@content;
}
}
}
//声明一个根据Key获取颜色的function
@function themed($key) {
@return map-get($theme-map, $key);
}
//获取背景颜色
@mixin background_color($color) {
@include themeify {
background-color: themed($color)!important;
}
}
//获取字体颜色
@mixin font_color($color) {
@include themeify {
color: themed($color)!important;
}
}
- 在vue组件中使用,引入对应混入器
<style lang="scss" scoped>
@import "@/style/_handle.scss";
.test {
@include font_color("font_color1");
@include background_color("background_color1");
}
</style>
- 切换主题
const theme = (type) => {
window.document.documentElement.setAttribute( "data-theme", type );
}
1. 思路分析
参考element-plus文档https://element-plus.gitee.io/zh-CN/guide/theming.html#更换主题色,element-plus提供了SCSS变量和CSS变量两种方式实现主题换肤。相比较而言,使用CSS变量实现更加便捷,代码也更易编写。
要想实现暗黑模式和明亮模式切换,首先使用vuex定义全局主题色已经是否开启暗黑模式变量并管理。然后创建一个颜色处理模块以及暗黑模式、主题色处理函数文件。最后根据需求,直接替换颜色即可。
2. 项目目录结构
├── store // vuex文件夹
| ├── index.js // vuex入口文件
| ├── mutations.js // 更改state中状态的逻辑
| └── state.js // 存放状态
├── utils
| ├── color.js // 定义主题色以及暗黑模式、明亮模式颜色变量
| ├── dark.js // 暗黑模式切换处理模块
| └── theme.js // 主题色切换模块
├── components
| └── NavMenu.vue // 自定义组件,用于设置是否切换暗黑模式、主题色等操作
├── views
| └── Home.vue // 项目Home页
3. vuex配置
- state.js(定义状态变量,存放状态)
const state = {
// 是否开启暗黑模式
dark: false,
// 默认主题色
theme:'#409eff',
}
export default state
- mutations.js(定义处理state状态的操作逻辑)
const mutations = {
// 是否开启暗黑模式
setDark(state, value) {
state.dark = value
},
// 设置主题色
setTheme(state, value) {
state.theme = value
},
}
export default mutations
- index.js(此处使用vuex-along实现状态持久化管理)
import {createStore} from 'vuex'
import mutations from '@/store/mutations'
import state from "@/store/state";
import createVuexAlong from 'vuex-along'
export default createStore({
state,
mutations,
plugins: [
createVuexAlong({
local: {
list: [ ],
},
session: {
list: ["dark", "theme"],
}
})
]
})
3. 定义颜色处理模块
- color.js(定义颜色变量值)
// 颜色管理
import {ref} from "vue";
function color() {
// 主题颜色变量组
const themeList = ref([
{name: '拂晓蓝(默认)', value: '#409eff'},
{name: '薄暮红', value: '#e74c3c'},
{name: '火山橘', value: '#e67e22'},
{name: '日暮黄', value: '#f1c40f'},
{name: '极光绿', value: '#16a085'},
{name: '酱紫', value: '#9b59b6'},
])
// 明亮模式全局颜色
const lightList = ref([
{name: '--el-background-color-base', value: '#f5f7fa'},
{name: '--el-color-white', value: '#ffffff'},
{name: '--el-text-color-primary', value: '#303133'},
{name: '--el-text-color-regular', value: '#606266'},
{name: '--el-color-primary-light-9', value: '#ecf5ff'},
{name: '--el-border-color-base', value: '#dcdfe6'},
{name: '--el-border-color-light', value: '#e4e7ed'},
{name: '--el-border-color-extra-light', value: '#f2f6fc'},
{name: '--el-border-color-lighter', value: '#ebeef5'},
])
// 暗黑模式全局颜色
const darkList = ref([
{name: '--el-background-color-base', value: '#000000'},
{name: '--el-color-white', value: '#141414'},
{name: '--el-text-color-primary', value: '#ffffff'},
{name: '--el-text-color-regular', value: '#d0d0d0'},
{name: '--el-color-primary-light-9', value: '#1f1f1f'},
{name: '--el-border-color-base', value: '#434343'},
{name: '--el-border-color-light', value: '#434343'},
{name: '--el-border-color-extra-light', value: '#5c5c5c'},
{name: '--el-border-color-lighter', value: '#434343'},
])
return {
darkList, themeList
}
}
export default color
- dark.js(暗黑模式切换模块)
import {computed, onMounted, ref} from "vue";
import store from "@/store/index";
import color from "@/utils/color"
import {useCssVar} from "@vueuse/core";
function dark() {
let {darkList, lightList} = color()
// 当前是否开启暗黑模式
const isDark = computed(() => store.state.dark)
// 切换暗黑模式
const setDark = (value) => {
store.commit('setDark', value)
console.log("执行切换开启暗黑模式事件:", isDark.value)
const el = ref(null)
if (isDark.value) {
console.log("要切换为暗黑模式")
darkList.value.forEach((item, index) => {
index = useCssVar(item.name, el)
index.value = item.value
})
} else {
console.log("要切换为明亮模式")
lightList.value.forEach((item, index) => {
index = useCssVar(item.name, el)
index.value = item.value
})
}
}
onMounted(() => {
// console.log("是否开启暗黑模式:",isDark)
setDark(isDark.value)
})
return {
setDark,
}
}
export default dark
- theme.js(主题色切换模块)
import {computed, onMounted, ref} from "vue";
import store from "@/store/index";
import {useCssVar} from "@vueuse/core";
function theme() {
// 当前默认主题色
const themeValue = computed(() => store.state.theme)
// 切换主题色
const setTheme = (value) => {
store.commit('setTheme', value)
console.log("执行切换主题色事件:", themeValue.value)
const el = ref(null)
const primary_color = useCssVar('--el-color-primary', el)
primary_color.value = themeValue.value
}
onMounted(() => {
setTheme(themeValue.value)
})
return {
setTheme,
}
}
export default theme
4. element-plus组件主题配置
通过浏览器审查元素可知,element plus组件都使用了css全局变量色,切换暗黑主题时,只需要更改全局变量的值即可,切换主题时,更换el-color-primary的值即可。
5. 自定义组件主题配置
为了保持全局样式风格统一,自定义组件设置样式时,使用element-plus定义的全局变量即可。
.test {
cursor: pointer;
background-color: var(--el-color-primary);
transition: all 0.5s;
}
6. 组件调用切换主题和深色模式
- n
<template>
<transition enter-active-class="animate__animated animate__fadeInDown"
leave-active-class="animate__animated animate__fadeOutUp">
<header>
<el-drawer
title="系统设置"
v-model="drawer"
:direction="'rtl'"
:size="'25%'"
:before-close="handleClose" destroy-on-close
>
<span>
<el-divider></el-divider>
<div class="display">
<h4>显示模式</h4>
<span>
<img :class="isDark===true?'':'img-active'" src="~@/assets/images/light.png" alt="">
<img :class="isDark===false?'':'img-active'" src="~@/assets/images/dark.png" alt="">
</span>
<el-switch
style="display: block"
v-model="isDark"
active-color="#303133"
inactive-color="#f5f7fa"
active-text="深色模式"
inactive-text="浅色模式"
@change="setDarkMode"
/>
</div>
<el-divider></el-divider>
<div class="color">
<h4>主题色</h4>
<div>
<el-tooltip v-for="(item,index) in themeList" :key="index"
effect="dark" :content="item.name" placement="top">
<span :style="{backgroundColor:item.value}" :class="(colorValue===item.value?'color-active ':'')"
@click="colorChoose(item.value)"></span>
</el-tooltip>
</div>
</div>
<el-divider></el-divider>
</el-drawer>
</header>
</transition>
<div class="placeholder"></div>
</template>
<script setup>
import {ElMessageBox, ElMessage} from 'element-plus'
import {computed, onMounted, reactive, ref} from "vue";
import store from "@/store/index";
import dark from "@/utils/dark";
import color from "@/utils/color"
import theme from "@/utils/theme"
let {setDark} = dark()
let {setTheme} = theme()
let {themeList} = color()
//设置-菜单默认关闭
let drawer = ref(false);
//设置-菜单关闭事件
const handleClose = () => {
drawer.value = false
};
// 设置-显示模式默认值
const isDark = ref(false)
// 设置-切换是否设置暗黑模式
const setDarkMode = () => {
console.log("菜单栏执行切换事件", isDark.value)
setDark(isDark.value)
}
// 设置-默认主题色
const colorValue = ref('')
// 设置-切换主题色事件
const colorChoose = (value) => {
colorValue.value = value
console.log(colorValue.value)
setTheme(colorValue.value)
}
</script>
<style scoped lang="scss">
</style>
7. 跟随系统设置暗黑主题
使用 matchMedia 方法可以直接获取浏览器当前是否使用深色模式
- App.vue
<template>
<div class="router-view">
<router-view v-slot="{ Component }">
<component :is="Component"/>
</router-view>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import {onMounted} from "vue";
import dark from "@/utils/dark";
let {setDark} = dark()
const locale = zhCn
onMounted(() => {
const is_dark = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches
setDark(is_dark)
})
</script>
<style lang="scss">
.router-view {
color: var(--el-text-color-primary);
background-color: var(--el-background-color-base);
transition: background 1s, color 0.6s;
width: 100%;
height: max-content;
min-height: 100vh;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
margin: 0 auto;
-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
animation-timing-function: linear;
}
</style>
三、效果演示
1. 设置暗黑模式与主题色菜单
2. 开启暗黑模式
3. 切换主题色(深色绿)
4. 切换主题色(浅色紫)
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