B3U5
一、重点单词短语用法
1.rather than
含义：①与其说...不如说...
②而不是
用法：连接名词、代词、副词、动词、介词短语、句子
例句：
① I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee.
② He rather than you is going to visit the factory.
③ The color seems green rather than blue.
拓展：①would do…rather than do …宁愿…而不愿…
I would attend the meeting rather than type the documents
② rather than:表客观事实，其后动词形式与主句一致
Other than 除…之外常用于否定句中
He has been playing cards rather than getting on with work.
Yon can't go there other than by swimming across the river.
2.chat 聊天；闲聊vi/n
用法：
①vi. : chat-chatted-chatting
②n. :不可数名词 have a long chat with…
例句：
①We should help the children who are addicted to chatting online
②QQ where you can chat with your friends ,makes communication easier.
3.surround 包围、围绕
用法：常与介词"by"连用be surrounded by/with
例句：
①The people were surrounded by the flood.
②I want to surround the building with trees.
拓展：surrounding周围的，只能用于名词前作定语
4.measure
含义：
①v. :测量、衡量、判断
②n. 计量制、计量单位、措施
用法：
①v. 当measure作不及物动词时意为"有…长（宽、高等）"用于量尺寸、面积与表示数量的词或短语连用，其主语是表示物的名词或代词。
②n.:不可数名词 take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施作…
例句：
①Our classroom measure seven meters wide.
②It's hard to measure the importance of good manners.
③An hour is a measure of time.
拓展: measurement n.尺寸、测量 beyond measure 非常、及其 in some measure 在某种程度上
take one's measure 给某人量尺寸
5.settle down 定居、平静下来、专心于
例句：Because of the Three Gorges Project, many people left their hometown and settled down in shanghai
拓展：settle down to doing sth. 开始认真对待某事
settle on sth. 决定做某事
settle for sth. 勉强认可某事
6.manage to do sth. 设法做成某事
例句：
The soldiers managed to save the children from mudslide（塌方）.
辨析：
① manage to do sth. 侧重设法做成某事、相当于succeeded in doing sth.
He managed to organize a live concert.
He succeeded in organize a live concert.
②try to do sth. 侧重尽力做某事但不一定成功
I try to persuade him to give up smoking but failed.
7.catch sight of 看见、瞥见（强调突然看到）
用法：侧重表达看的结果，相当于see
例句: Wen I was walking in the street, I caught sight of my boss
拓展：at first sight 乍一见，见到第一眼。 out of sight 看不见 lose sight of 看不见，忽略
8.have a gift for 有…天赋
例句：
She has a gift for learning English.
拓展："gift"的三种用法
① 表天赋、天资、才能
He is a man of many gifts.
② 指礼物
This car was given to me as a birthday gift.
③ "gifted"作形容词表有天赋的。be gifted at/in
My sister is gifted at drawing.
9.border n./v.
含义：
①n.边界、国界、边沿
②v. 与…接壤、接近
用法：
① on the border of 在…的边缘
② border on 接近、近乎于
例句：
① We camped on the border of a lake
② She felt an anxiety bordering on hysteria（癔病，歇斯底里，不正常的兴奋）
拓展：border边境居民 borderline边界线 borderland边疆
10.speed
用法：
①作不及物动词时表：速进、疾行
②作及物动词时表：促进、使加速 speed up
③作名词表：速度、速率 eg：
① The ambulance sped to the hospital.
② China is speeding the construction pace in order to catch up with the developed countries.
③ at a speed of sixty miles an hour
11.impressed 使印象深刻、使铭记
用法：
①be impressed by/with
②impress on sb. sth.
③impress sth. on/upon sb./one's mind/memory eg：
① The girl impressed me most favorably
② My father impressed on me the value of hard work
③ What he said and did was really impressed on me/my memory
12. rise-rose-risen
含义：
①上升
②站起来、起床
相当于： stand up 和 get up
例句：
①The teacher rose and left the office.
②We should form a good habit of rising early in the mooning
辨析：rise 与raise
① rise vi. 作："上升"讲时指继续上升，常用于指自然景观、物价、温度、河水、人的职务等
The sun has not yet risen
② raise vt.意为"举起"、提出、饲养、种植、作"举起"讲时往往有使物体到达应有的高度之意
Let's raise glasses to the friendship.
13.mixture n. 混合物、混合状态
例句：The talk was conducted in a mixture of English, Russian and French.
拓展:
① mix vt./vi 混合，调配
If you mix blue and yellow. You will get green.
② be /get mixed up 弄糊涂了，杂乱无章
be /get mixed up in/with 卷入、牵涉进去
Mix up 混合、混淆
14.confirm
含义：
① vt.证实、证明、批准
② 使感觉更强烈、确认
例句：
① The new minister will be confirmed by the Queen.
② The latest developments confirmed me in my belief.
拓展：confirmation n.证实、确认书
15.distance
含义：
① n. 距离、远方
② 指时间的久远
例句：
① We can see the mountain from the distance。
② After this distance of time, I can't recognize him at the time.
拓展：distant 遥远的 in the distance 在远方 at/from a distance 从远处，隔一段距离。
16.dreamed about/of (doing）sth. 梦想、梦见、做梦、想象
例句：
① I never dreamed of seeing snow falling in September in Xinjiang.
② He got the first place this time ,but he never dreamed of /about it.
二、重点句型
It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall.
本句为so…that引导的结果状语从句
Beijing is so beautiful that it attracts many visitors from abroad every year.
The trees are extremely tall, Some measuring over 90 meters.
Some measuring over 90 meters为独立主格结构，在句子中作状语。独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等。相当于一个状语从句或并列句。独立主格结构有下面几种形式：
①名词（代词） 动词ing形式
We shall play the match tomorrow ,weather permitting
②名词（代词） 过去分词
The job finished ,we went home.
③名词（代词） 不定式
So many people to help him,he is sure to succeed.
④名词（代词） 介词短语
A girl came in,some books in hand.
⑤名词（代词） 形容词或副词
He sat in the front vow, his mouth half open.
⑥There being 名词（代词)
There being nothing else to do ,we went home.
⑦ It being 名词（代词)
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.
At school ,they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometers of the USA border.
过去完成时态：had learned 但由于从句表达的是客观事实所以从句使用一般现在时。
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