第二章 名词精讲与精练，接下来我们就来聊聊关于高考英语高频词汇2022电子版?以下内容大家不妨参考一二希望能帮到您!
高考英语高频词汇2022电子版
第二章 名词精讲与精练
一、名词讲前练：用所给单词的适当形式填空
It was late at night.Two[1]_________(German) were sleeping in their room when,suddenly,one of them,Mrs. Green, was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck. She had three [2]___________(thousand) dollars in her pocket. “What should I do? Many [3]_________(thief) usually bring [4]________(knife) with them,” She thought in [5]______ (silent). And at the same time the thief happened to touch a [6]________(sport) suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went to the next room where two [7]__________(Frenchman)were sleeping. When he was looking for [8]_________(money) or some [9]___________(jewel) in the next room, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the [10]_______ (policeman). And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police came up. Before the thief ran away,the police caught him. For Mrs. Green,it was really an unusual experience.
Keys:1.Germans 2.thousand 3.thieves 4.knives 5.silence 6.sports 7.Frenchmen 8.money 9.jewels/jewelry【jewel的复数直接加s;jewelry为不可数名词，表示jewel的总称。】
10.police【police可以表示警察，警方，警察部门；call the police报警】
二、名词考点精讲：
名词考点1、名词的数
1.名词的分类：
(1)专有名词：专有名词无复数形式。
①由普通名词构成的专有名词要加定冠词the,如：the Great Wall。
②the 姓氏名复数形式，则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)。如:the Greens(格林一家人)。
(2)普通名词：普通名词又分个体名词，集体名词，物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词和集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。
①个体名词:表示单个的人和事物。如car(汽车)、room(房间)、 fan(风扇)、photo(照片)
②集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的名称。如 family(家庭)、army(军队)、government(政府)、group(集团)
③物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。如fire(火)、steel(钢)、air (空气)、water(水)、milk(牛奶)
④抽象名词:表示动作，状态，品质或其他抽象概念。如 labor( 劳动)、health(健康)、life (生活)、friendship(友情)、patience(耐心)
2.可数名词复数的变化规则
(1).一般情况加s : book-- books，house---houses
(2).以s、sh、ch、x结尾的加es: class--- classes，box----boxes，match----matches
(3).辅音字母 y结尾的变y为 i加es: city---cities country----countries，factory----factories
(4).以 o 结尾的词：有生命的词加es,无生命的词加s: hero---heroes,potato---potatoes;radio-- radios, zoo---zoos, piano---pianos. photo---photos
例外: bamboo---bamboos
(5).以f, fe 结尾的变f或fe为v es: thief--thieves, wife--wives, life--lives, knife--knives
例外：belief--beliefs roof--roofs gulf--gulfs
3.可数名词的不规则变化
(1).常见的不规则变化名词
child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
(2).单复数同形的名词
Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,works(工厂),means,fish，deer,sheep
一句话记忆：Some Chinese,Japanese and Swiss keep some fish,deer and sheep in this works by this means.
(3)people,police,cattle(牛)只有复数形式。
(4)以s结尾，但仍然为单数。例如：
①maths, politics,physics等学科名词。
②news是不可数名词
③the United States, the United Nations应视为单数。
名词考点2、名词作定语
(1)名词作定语一般用单数。例如：paper money, an evening paper, city life, office work
(2)用复数作定语。例如：sports meeting, sales man/woman/girl(男/女售货员), goods train(货车)，customs papers(海关文件) 【注意：其中goods和customs本身就带有s】
(3)数词 名词作定语时，若有连字符，名词用单数；若无连字符，名词用复数加“’”.例如：
例如：a five-year-plan, a five years’ plan
(4)man和woman做定语时随着被修饰的名词的单复数变化而变化。
例如：A man/woman teacher--two men/women teacher
名词考点3、名词所有格
名词所有格有两种形式：’ s式和of式。
(1)一般说来，表示有生命的名词和表示时间，国家，距离等名词的所有格用’ s式,例如：Mary’s mother, today’s news。
(2)表示无生命的事物名词的所有格用of式，例如:the cover of the book。
(3)双重所有格：例如：a friend of my father’s, a friend of mine。
三、名词应考技巧：
1、在语法填空题中，空格处作主语和宾语时，常用名词，考虑把提示词改为名词形式；如果给的是就是名词，则考虑用名词复数形式，这时注意修饰语。
2、在改错题中，重点考虑不可数名词是否是用了复数形式，可数名词该用复数的是否用了单数。
四、考点精练
（一）单句语法填空
1.【2021·全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and49(watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.key: watchtowers
2.【2021·全国乙卷】It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62 (develop)of the local areas.
key: development
3.【2021·全国乙卷】69(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. key: Activities
4.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 (human) are. key: humans
5.【2021·浙江高考卷】In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 38（marry）ceremony in 1842. key:marriage
6.【2020•全国Ⅱ卷】Chinese New Year is a 61. (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.key:celebration
7.【2020•全国Ⅲ卷】Filled with 64 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
key:curiosity
8.【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】Historical 44 (accurate)is important but so is entertainment.
key:accuracy
9.【2017全国I卷】This trend,which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61 as a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasekey:effects
10.【2017全国II卷】 It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads.key:crowds
11.【2017全国II卷】This development was only possible with the 69 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. key:introduction
12.【2017全国III卷】She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).key:education
13.【2017全国III卷】She has turned down several 67(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.key:invitations
14. 【2016全国I卷】But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract).keys:attraction
15.【2016全国I卷】 The nursery team switches him every few 69 ( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,the other is with mum-she never suspects.key:days
16.【2016全国II卷】Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42
(achieve).keys:achievement
17.【2016全国II卷】Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly .keys:studies
18.【2016全国III卷】He influenced the 48 (develop)of chopsticks.keys:development
19、【2018•卷I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ________(cause).key:causes
20、【2018•卷II】This switch has decreased________(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.key:pollution
21、 I'm a ________(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. Key: scientist
(二)单句改错
1.【2021年全国甲卷】Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other.key:friend →friends
2.I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard.
key:dish→dishes
3.【2020·全国卷I】Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.
key:chopstick→chopsticks
4.【2020·全国卷II】Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for Summer vacations.
Key:句意：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子，vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词，后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。
5.【2020·全国卷III】My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our families.
key:考查名词单复数。句意同上。family当“家庭”讲时，是集合名词，这里表示“我们一个家庭”，所以用单数，families改成family。
6.【2019·全国卷I】All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.
Key:考查名词的数。“player（运动员）”为可数名词，所以all（所有的）后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。
7.【2019·全国卷II】Since I was a kid, I`ve considered different job I would like to do.
key:考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。
9.【2018·全国卷I】Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
Keys: chicken改成chickens 考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of可知，其后用名词复数形式。
10.【2016全国I卷】It is always crowded with customers at meal times.key:times→time
11.【2016全国I卷】My uncle tells me that the key to success is honest. key:honest→honesty
12.【2017全国I卷】The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left!”. key:word→words
13.【2017全国II卷】Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. key:informations→information
14.【2017全国III卷】I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the latest music albums.key:difference→different
15.【2016全国II卷】If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. key:knowledges→knowledge
16.【2016全国III卷】The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. key:year→years
17.【2016四川卷】Mom has a full-time job,so she has to do most of the houseworks.
key: houseworks→housework
18.【2016浙江卷】When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years later. key:children→child
19.【2015陕西卷】Mum taught me some basic step of baking. key:step→steps
20.【2015四川卷】As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here.key: friend→friends
21.【2015浙江卷】My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass. key: side→sides
22.【2015全国II卷】One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.
key: parent→parents
23.【2015全国I卷】The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. key: airs→air
24、【2018•卷I】Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. key:chicken--chickens
25、【2018•卷II】After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.
Key: sort--sorts
26、【2018•卷III】"The classroom is a place for learning and that includes leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well." key:mistake--mistakes
(三)名词语篇填空训练
My friend Lucy is a lovely girl,who is full of [1]__________(wise).One day,she made a [2]_______ (decide )that she would go to town to buy some [3]______(box) of apples and two [4]_____(loaf) of bread before the prices went up. On the way to the town,she saw several [5]_______(child) playing on the grass,and some [6]__________(woman)sitting in the shade, chatting happily.After doing the shopping,she headed for her village. Suddenly a heavy rain poured down. As a result,she had no [7]________(choose) but to take shelter from the rain,during which time she had the [8]_________(free) to have a chat with other people. The [9]___________(communicate) made her relaxed, and it seemed to shorten the [10]___________(long) of the time she waited for the rain to stop.
Keys:1.wisdom 2.decision 3.boxes 4.loaves 5.children 6.women 7.choice 8.freedom
9.communication 10.length
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