Evaluating arguments or explanations.
评估论证或解释。
FOR NGSS:
When possible, students should be asked to evaluate competing or alternate arguments/explanations and apply the same analytic lens to evaluate multiple arguments/explanations.
在可能的情况下，应要求学生评估同类（竞争的或替代的）论证/解释，并应用相同的分析标准来评估多个论证/解释。
0
No evidence of evaluating an argument.
没有评估一个论证。
1
Restates an argument/explanation.
OR
States an opinion on the argument/explanation with minimal reference to evidence.
重述论证/解释。
或
论述对论证/解释的意见，引用了极少量证据。
2
Summarizes an argument/explanation.
States an opinion on the argument/explanation and rationale based on the relevance of the evidence.
总结一个论证/解释。
根据证据的相关性，论述对论证/解释和理由的意见。
FOR NGSS:
Considers whether the evidence is empirical.
考虑证据是否是实验性的。
3
Accurately summarizes an argument/ explanation or specific claims.
Evaluates the logic of the reasoning and the relevance/nature of the evidence.
准确总结论证/解释或具体论点。
评估推理逻辑和证据的相关性/性质。
FOR NGSS:
Considers whether empirical evidence is based on research and distinguishes among facts and opinions.
考虑实验证据是否基于研究，并区分事实和观点。
4
Accurately summarizes an argument/ explanation and specific claims.
Evaluates the argument based on the logic of the reasoning, relevance, and credibility of the evidence.
准确总结论证/解释和具体论点。
根据推理逻辑、相关性和证据可信度评估论证。
FOR NGSS:
Considers whether interpretation of empirical evidence is scientifically reasonable.
考虑实验证据的解释是否科学合理。
5
Explains an argument/ explanation and specific claims.
Evaluates the argument based on the logic of the reasoning, relevance, and credibility of the evidence.
When relevant, identifies false statements and fallacious reasoning (i.e., logical fallacies).
解释论证/解释和具体论点。
根据推理逻辑、相关性和证据可信度来评估论证。
相关时，识别错误论述和谬误推理（即逻辑谬误）。
FOR NGSS:
Considers whether interpretation of empirical evidence is scientifically reasonable and whether it supports or refutes a scientific explanation or model.
考虑实验证据的解释是否科学合理，以及它是否支撑或反驳科学解释或模型。
6
Clearly explains an argument/ explanation and specific claims.
Evaluates the argument by thoroughly assessing the logic of the reasoning and relevance, credibility, and sufficiency of the evidence.
When relevant, identifies false statements and fallacious reasoning (i.e., logical fallacies).
清楚地解释了论证/解释和具体论点。
通过彻底评估推理逻辑以及证据的相关性、可信度和充分性来评估论证。
相关时，识别错误论述和谬误推理（即逻辑谬误）。
FOR NGSS:
Considers the sufficiency and consistency of the empirical evidence, including the student's own generated evidence, and limitations of the empirical evidence.
考虑实验证据的充分性和一致性，包括学生自己生成的证据，以及实验证据的局限性。
7
Clearly explains an argument/ explanation and specific claims.
Evaluates the argument by thoroughly assessing the logic of the reasoning and the relevance, credibility, sufficiency, and consistency of evidence.
When relevant, identifies false statements and fallacious reasoning (i.e., logical fallacies) and explains alternate claims or evidence to improve the logic of the argument/ explanation.
清楚地解释了论证/解释和具体论点。
通过彻底评估推理逻辑以及证据的相关性、可信度、充分性和一致性来评估论证。
相关时，识别虚假论述和谬误推理（即逻辑谬误），并解释替代论点或证据，以改进论证/解释的逻辑。
FOR NGSS:
Considers currently accepted explanations or models, the sufficiency and consistency of empirical evidence, including the student's own generated evidence, and limitations of empirical evidence.
考虑当前接受的解释或模型、实验证据的充分性和一致性，包括学生自己生成的证据，以及实验证据的局限性。
8
Clearly explains an argument/explanation and specific claims.
Evaluates the argument by thoroughly assessing the logic of the reasoning and the relevance, credibility, sufficiency, and consistency of evidence.
Identifies false statements and fallacious reasoning (i.e., logical fallacies) and explains alternate claims or evidence to improve the logic of the argument/ explanation.
Determines what additional information is required to resolve contradictions.
清楚地解释了论证/解释和具体论点。
通过彻底评估推理逻辑以及证据的相关性、可信度、充分性和一致性来评估论证。
识别错误论述和谬误推理（即逻辑谬误），并解释替代论点或证据，以改进论证/解释的逻辑。
确定解决矛盾所需要的附加信息。
FOR NGSS:
Considers currently accepted explanations and models, new evidence, the sufficiency and consistency of empirical evidence, including the student's own generated evidence, and limitations of empirical evidence.
考虑当前接受的解释和模型、新证据、实验证据的充分性和一致性，包括学生自己生成的证据，以及实验证据的局限性。
我将陆续更新萨米特高中“认知能力量表”相关内容。这系列文章是基于“Cognitive-Skills-Document-Suite.pdf”提供的翻译，分享给大家，供家长和教育界感兴趣的朋友参考。
转发、关注、私信，获取全文。
