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英语八年级上册一单元一话题单词
Unit 2 How often do you exercise？
Section A
1.housework ['haʊswɜːk] n.家务劳
动；家务事
house work→housework un.
home work→homework un.
家庭作业
I have a lot of housework/
homework to do.
我有许多家务/作业要做。
◆ do housework做家务
◆ do (one's) homework 做家庭作业
◆help with housework/homework
帮忙干家务/ 帮忙做作业
2.hardly ['hɑːdli] adv.几乎不;几乎没有
hardly和hard形式上接近，但二者毫
无联系, 意义截然不同。
① hardly adv. 几乎不；几乎没有
置于be动词/助动词/V情之后，行为
动词之前。
He was hardly able to stand
because of hunger.
There is hardly any rain this summer.
He can hardly speak English.
He hardly has time to watch TV.
◆含有 hardly的句子是否定句 ,其反意
疑问句的 疑问部分用肯定形式.
He can hardly speak English,can
he?
他几乎不会说英语,不是吗?
②hard adj. 困难的；硬的；勤奋的；
严厉的；苛刻的
hard adv. 努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地
Math is hard to learn.
数学很难学。
◆ on the hard wooden floor
在坚硬的木制地板上
◆be hard on sb.对某人苛刻；对某
人要求严厉
◆study hard 努力学习
◆work hard努力工作
◆rain hard
注意下面句子中hard和hardly的用法。
She always studies hard in the
room and hardly goes out to play.
她总是在房间里努力学习， 几乎不
出去玩。
3.ever ['evə(r)] adv.在任何时候；从
来；曾经
①ever adv.在任何时候
ever=at any time
◆than ever
It is more expensive than ever.
它比任何时候都贵。
◆than ever before
It is more expensive than
ever before.
它比以往任何时候都贵。
◆ever since
ever since 可单独使用，ever 不可
省略。
也可后接时间点或一般过去式的状
语从句，ever起强调作用，可省略。
We've lived in the factory ever
since(then).
自那以后我们一直住在工厂里。
ever since then 从那以后
ever since this morning 从今天早上
ever since two years ago从两年前
He has been like this (ever) since
this morning.
从今天早晨他一直这样。
I haven't seen him (ever) since he
left his hometown.
自那他离开家乡，我就没有见过他。
◆for ever=for ever 永远
I love you for ever. 我永远爱你。
② ever adv.从来
常用于具有否定意义的句中。
Don't you ever think about other
people?
你从来就不考虑考虑别人吗？
③ever adv.曾经
常用于疑问句或条件句中。
Have you ever seen the film?
你曾经看过这部影片吗？
Do you ever get to class late?
你上课曾经迟到过吗？
◆hardly ever几乎从不
频度副词，频度为5%左右。
I hardly ever watch TV on school
days. 我上学日几乎不看电视。
◆常见的频度副词：
never, hardly ever，seldom(不常),
sometimes, often, usually, always
◆常用于一般现在时态。
也用于一般过去时，表示过去总是/
经常 /有时……做某事。
◆常位于be动词、助动词或情态动词
之后，实义动词之前。
◆按频率由高到低排列：
always>usually>often>sometimes
>seldom>hardly ever>never
◆对频度副词提问，用how often作疑
问词。
① always（100%)总是，永远
◆常用于动词的一般现在时态。
We always exercise in the
morning. 我们总是在上午锻炼。
◆有时用于现在进行时，意思是“老
是,总是”带有厌烦、不满、赞美
等感情色彩。
He's always coming late.
他老是迟到。（责备）
She is always thinking of others.
她总是为别人着想。（赞美）
② usually(75%)通常地；一般地
有时置于句首，为了强调。
We usually have four classes in
the morning.
我们上午通常上四节课。
Usually, I get up at six in the
morning.
我通常早上六点钟起床。
【拓展】usual adj. →usually adv.
usual adj.通常的，平常的
as usual 像平常一样
反义词:unusual 罕有的,不同寻常的
She went to the park as usual.
她像平常一样去了公园。
For me,it was an unusual day.
对我来说，这是不同寻常的一天。
③ often(50%)时常，经常
反义词：seldom不常，很少
She often helps her mother do
housework after school.
放学后她经常帮助妈妈做家务。
She often helped her mother do
housework when she was young.
小时候她经常帮助母亲做家务。
◆very often可位于句首、句中、句
尾。
I don't see him very often.
我不经常见到他。
◆as often as possible尽可能经常地
You should speak English as often
as possible.
你应该尽可能经常地说英语。
④ sometimes(20%)有时，不时
其位置较灵活，可置于句首、句中、
句末。
Sometimes I go to school on foot.
有时我步行上学。
I am sometimes late for school on
rainy days.
有时候下雨天我上学迟到。
⑤ never(0%)从不,永不，决不
表示否定，反义词是always。
用于多种时态。
You'll never know.
你永远不会知道.
He never eats junk food.
他从不吃垃圾食品。
I've never been to Shanghai .
我从未去过上海。
Never say never.永不言败。
4.once [wʌns] adv.一次；曾经
①once adv.一次
I watch TV once a week.
I have been to Beijing once.
②once adv.曾经
常用于一般过去时态。
I once met your father.
我曾经见过你父亲。
He once appears on television.
她曾经在电视上露过面。
He once loved her. 他曾经爱过她。
③ once 短语 :
at once 立刻，马上
once again再一次
once more 又一次；再次
once upon a time 从前
once in a while 偶尔;间或
5.twice [twaɪs] adv.两次;两倍
once一次；一倍
twice两次；两倍
three times, four times, five times…
三次/倍，四次/倍，五次/倍
◆三次/倍或三次/倍以上用“基数词
times"表示,time cn. 次数/倍数,复
数为times。
I have been to Beijing three times.
我去过北京三次。
This room is twice bigger than that
one. 这个房间比那个房间大两倍。
◆下面是表频率的短语，用how often
提问。
◆once a week每周一次
◆twice a week每周两次
◆three times a week每周三次
◆a few times a week每周几次
◆once or twice a week每周一两次
◆two or three times a week
每周两三次
◆one to three times a week
每周一到三次
◆four or more times a week
每周四次或四次以上
注：两个紧挨的数字之间用or, 间隔的
数值之间用to,再如：
three or four times a week
每周三四次
three to six times a week
每周三到六次
6.Internet ['ɪntənet] n.(国际)互联网；
因特网
①on the Internet 在（互联）网上
search the Internet 上网查询;网上搜
索
use the Internet 使用互联网(use v.)
use of the Internet 互联网的使用(use
n.)
She found the information on the
Internet.
她在互联网上找到了这个信息。
②online adj. 在线的，联网的
online shopping 网上购物
online chatting 网上聊天
online education 在线教育;网上教育;
play online games玩网络游戏
He is online the whole day.
他整天挂在网上。
adv. 在线，联网
He likes reading online.
他喜欢网上阅读。
He likes going/getting online.
他喜欢上网。
He likes shopping online（adv.）.
= He likes online shopping（adj.）.
他喜欢网上购物。
③ website n. 网站
set up a website=
create a website 创建网站
visit the website 访问网站
④web n. 网 ，网络
web page 网页
7.program ['prəʊɡræm] n.
(=programme)节目
program cn. pl. programs
◆TV program 电视节目
一般指各种电视节目，包括非娱乐
节目：新闻、天气预报、烹饪；也
包括综艺、电视剧等娱乐节目。
A:What's your favorite program?
B: News.
◆TV show 电视节目
一般指娱乐性电视节目,包括综艺、真
人秀,电视剧等。
I like to watch talk shows.
我喜欢看脱口秀。
【拓展】program cn. 程序v. 编程
There are still a few problems with
the computer program
电脑程序还有一些问题。
Do you know how to program?
你知道怎么编写程序吗？
I want to be a computer
programmer.
我想成为一名计算机程序员。
8.full [fʊl] adj.忙的；满的；充满的
①full adj.忙的
I had a full weekend.
我过了一个忙忙碌碌的周末。
②full adj.满的;充满的
be full of= be filled with 充满,装满
The bus is filled with people.
=The bus is full of people.
公交车上挤满了人。
③full adj.饱的
反义词：hungry adj.饥饿的
I'm full. 我吃饱了。
9.swing [swɪŋ] n.摆动；秋千
v.(swung [swʌŋ])(使)摆动；摇摆
◆ play on the swing 荡秋千
◆ swing dance摇摆舞
I am learning swing dance.
我在学摇摆舞。
10.maybe ['meɪbi] adv.大概；或许；
可能
maybe adv. 在句中作状语，相当于
perhaps，常 位于句首,也可句中。
Maybe he'll leave this afternoon.
他可能今天下午走。
【辨析】maybe和may be
◆maybe是副词，在句中作状语。
◆在may be中，may是情态动词，be
是动词原形，may be 在句中作谓语，
意为“也许是、可能 是”。
A: I can't find my pen.
B: It may be in your desk.
A: 我找不到我的钢笔了。
B: 它可能在你的书桌里。
◆maybe和 may be同义句转换。
He may be at home.
=Maybe he is at home.
他可能在家里。
◆maybe和may do的同义句转换,注意
动词形式。
He may know the answer.
=Maybe he knows the answer.
11.least [liːst] adv.最小；最少
adj.& pron.最小的；最少的
little的比较级、最高级：less least
①least adv.最小；最少
He talks least.他说话最少。
The book is the least interesting.
这本书最没意思。
②least adj.最小的；最少的
This apple is the least of all.
这个苹果最小。
He has the least money in his family.
在他家里他钱最少。
③least pron.最小的；最少的
◆at least至少
反义词：at most最多，不超过
◆ at least 基数词 可数名词
I use the Internet at least four
times a week.
我每周上网至少四次。
◆at least修饰动词或句子。
You should at least be polite.
你至少应该有礼貌。
At least it is cheap.至少它很便宜。
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