新概念英语第三册 lesson26 Wanted: a large biscuit tin 征购大饼干筒
一、New words and expressions 生词和短语
1. influence v. 影响；对…起作用 to have an effect on the way that sb behaves or thinks, especially by giving them an example to followHis writings have influenced the lives of millions. 他的作品影响了千百万人。
to be strongly influenced by sth 受到某事物的强烈影响
Don't let me influence you either way. 何去何从都别受我的影响。
2.influence 支配；左右 v. to have an effect on a particular situation and the way that it developsA number of social factors influence life expectancy. 诸多社会因素左右着人的预期寿命。
3.influence n. 影响；作用 on/upon sb/sth：the effect that sb/sth has on the way a person thinks or behaves4. influence 句型
- to have/exert a strong influence on sb 对某人产生强大的影响
Those friends are a bad influence on her. 那些朋友对她有负面的影响。
the influence of the climate on agricultural production 气候对农业生产的影响。
His first music teacher was a major influence in his life. 他的第一位音乐老师是他一生中对他影响非常大的人。
What is the influence of television on children? 电视对儿童究竟有什么影响？
- under the influence of 受…影响 Eg.:
He committed the crime under the influence of drugs. 他是在吸毒后犯罪的。
We are under the influnce of advertisements.
- under the influence 喝酒过多；醉酒；喝酒过多；醉酒 having had too much alcohol to drink
She was charged with driving under the influence. 她被控酒后驾驶。
- have influence over sb 有左右某人的能力 Eg.:
Her parents no longer have any real influence over her. 她的父母对她不再有任何真正的影响力了。
A teacher has influence over his students.
二、句型语法全面解析及翻译
1. No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. 没有人能避免受广告的影响。A. avoid ： avoid 接动名词形式作宾语，此处使用了动名词被动形式being influenced表示“被影响”B. influence v. 影响；对…起作用 to have an effect on the way that sb behaves or thinks, especially by giving them an example to followHis writings have influenced the lives of millions. 他的作品影响了千百万人。
to be strongly influenced by sth 受到某事物的强烈影响
Don't let me influence you either way. 何去何从都别受我的影响。
influence 支配；左右 v. to have an effect on a particular situation and the way that it develops
A number of social factors influence life expectancy. 诸多社会因素左右着人的预期寿命。
influence n. 影响；作用 on/upon sb/sth：the effect that sb/sth has on the way a person thinks or behaves句型学习:
to have/exert a strong influence on sb 对某人产生强大的影响
Those friends are a bad influence on her. 那些朋友对她有负面的影响。
No students can avoid being influenced by their teachers.
近义词辨析：influence / affect
influence: 主要是指，潜移默化的影响力，或者是通过劝说、行为、或榜样来影响一个人的行为或思想，
affect: 对......产生不良影响 Eg.:
The bad examples will affect a lot number of students .
influential adj.有影响力的
advertisement （可数学)广告
advertiser n. 做广告的人
advertise: 做广告
advertising 广告（不可数学）
2. Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us. 尽管我们可以自夸自己的鉴赏力如何敏锐，但我们已经无法独立自主地选购自己所需的东西了。这是因为广告在我们身上施加着一种潜移默化的影响。A. 句法结构分析:
本句是一个并列复合句，第一个分句是Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want,。这个分句中主句是we are no longer free to choose the things we want，这个句子是as引导的让步从句Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste。 第二个分句子for引导的并列句，表示原因。
B. 词汇拓展学习:
本课重点句型：Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, 尽管我们可以自夸自己的鉴赏力如何敏锐.
让步状语从句，though, although
A. as引导让步状语从句，句子要用部分倒装形式（ adj. / adv. / n. / v.用在as之前）
1．adj. as 主语 谓语
1. Successful as he is, he looks not happy.尽管他很成功，但他并不幸福。
2. Unhappy as I was, I try to help them. 尽管我不开心，但我还是在试图帮助他们。
2．adv. (much ) as 从句
Much as I like you, I will not marry you. 尽管我很喜欢，但他不愿意嫁给你。
Much as I hate doing it, I must stay home and study English.虽然我不愿意这么做，但我今晚必须呆在家里学习英语。
3．v. as 主语 助动词
1. Try as they may, they will never get what they want .即使他们很努力，但他们也得不到他们想要的。
2. Object as my parents may, I decide to marry him.不管我父母怎样反对，我都决定要嫁给他。
英语中的让步状语从句，除了用常见的从属连词although, though 引导外，我们还可以使用as 引导让步状语从句。as翻译为“纵使…”之意”，“虽然…但是”，“尽管”。
务必切记，用as 引导让步状语从句时，必须用部分倒装的句法结构，as始终放置于句子的第二个词的位置上，as前面即倒装的部分往往是单个的词，可以是表语、动词原形、状语；有时though也可以这样的句法结构出现，但切记although不用于这样的倒装结构。重点提示：倒装的表语如果是单数可数名词，一定不需要有不定冠词a.类似如例句1：1. Child as/though he is， he knows a lot.（=Though he is a child，he knows a lot.）虽然他是一个孩子，但他很懂事。
2. Fast as he ran， hefailed to catch the early bus.纵然他跑得快，他仍然没能赶上头班车。
3. Heavily as it wassnowing outside, they decided to set off earlier. 尽管外面雪下得非常大，但是他们依然觉得要早点出发。
4. Old as he is, he keeps on working=Though he is old ,Although he is old , 或 Old though he is, he…. 他虽然不年轻了,但他仍然坚持工作。
5. Hard as/ though he studied， he didn't pass the exams. (=Though he studies hard，didn't pass the exam.）尽管他学习很努力，但他考试仍然没有及格。
词源拓展：
tastabel 可品尝的
tasteful 有鉴赏力的
tasteless 没有味道的，乏味的
taste blindness 味盲
taste maker 时尚的首创者
3. In their efforts to persuade us to buy this or that product, advertisers have made a close study of human nature and have classified all our little weaknesses. 做广告的人在力图劝说我们买下这种产品或那种产品之前，已经仔细地研究了人的本性，并把人的弱点进行了分类。
A. 句法结构分析:
这个句子虽然看起来很长，但它是个简单句，主语是advertisers，这个主语有两个并列的谓语动词 have made a close study of human nature and have classified all our little weaknessesB. 词汇拓展学习:
1. effort 气力；努力；费力的事 the physical or mental energy that you need to do sth; sth that takes a lot of energy
1. You should put more effort into your work. 你应该更加努力地工作。
2. A lot of effort has gone into making this event a success. 为使这次活动成功费了很大的劲。
3. It's a long climb to the top, but well worth the effort. 爬到顶上路程很长，虽然费力却很值得。
4. Getting up this morning was quite an effort (= it was difficult) . 今天早上起床相当费力。
5. With (an) effort (= with difficulty) she managed to stop herself laughing. 她好不容易才忍住了笑。
2. effort 艰难的尝试；试图；尽力 an attempt to do sth especially when it is difficult to do
a determined/real/special effort 坚决的╱真正的╱特别的努力
to make an effort 作出努力
We need to make a concerted effort to finish on time. 我们需要通力合作才能按时完成。
The company has laid off 550 workers in an effort to save money. 公司为节省资金遣散了550名工作人员。
I didn't really feel like going out, but I am glad I made the effort . 我当时并不很想出去，不过我很庆幸还是出去了。
With an effort of will he resisted the temptation. 他凭自己的意志顶住了这一诱惑。
3. 习惯搭配idioms
1. in an effort to 企图（努力想）；试图要
2. best effort 尽力而为，尽最大努力；尽力服务
3. make every effort 尽一切努力
4. spare no effort 不遗余力；抽出；宽容；节省
5. joint effort 共同努力
6. make an effort 努力，作出努力
7. concerted effort 齐心协力
8. make effort 作出努力
9. make great effort 作出 巨大努力
4. persuade us to buy this or that product 劝说我们买下这种产品或那种产品persuade sb to do 劝说某人做某事
5. make a close (careful ) study:对什么做了仔细的研究
Advertisers make every effort in order to sell their products
4. Advertisers discovered years ago that all of us love to get something for nothing. 做广告的人们多年前就发现我们大家都喜欢免费得到东西。A. 句法结构分析:
本句是一个主从复合句 ，Advertisers discovered years ago 这是主句，宾语从句是that all of us love to get something for nothing.
B. 词汇拓展学习:
get something for nothing ( free ): 免费得到……
5. An advertisement which begins with the magic word FREE can rarely go wrong. 凡是用“免费”这个神奇的词开头的广告很少会失败的。A. 句法结构分析:
本句是一个主从复合句，which begins with the magic word FREE是定语从句修饰先行词An advertisement。主句是An advertisement can rarely go wrong.B. 词汇拓展学习:
rarely 很少，如果用于句首要使用部分倒装句子结构go wrong 失败，变坏
6. These days, advertisers not only offer free samples but free cars, free houses, and free trips round the world as well.目前，做广告的人不仅提供免费样品，而且还提供免费汽车，免费住房，免费周游世界。A. 句法结构分析:
这是一个简单句，包含not only...but (also)
B. 词汇拓展学习:
offer 主动给与，主动提出；自愿给予He offered $4 000 for the car. 他出价4 000元买这辆汽车。
He had offered her services as a guide. 他曾表示愿意当向导。
He offered some useful advice. 他提出了一些有益的建议。
They decided to offer the job to Jo. 他们决定把这份工作给乔。
They decided to offer Jo the job. 他们决定让乔做这件工作。
I gratefully took the cup of coffee she offered me. 我感激地接过她递来的一杯咖啡。
Taylor offered him 500 dollars to do the work. 泰勒愿出500元雇他做这件工作。
The kids offered to do the dishes. 孩子们主动要求洗盘子。
The hotel offers excellent facilities for families. 本旅馆提供优良的家庭服务设施。
The job didn't offer any prospects for promotion. 这份工作没有任何升迁的希望。
He did not offer any explanation for his behaviour. 他没有对自己的行为作出任何解释
7. They devise hundreds of competitions which will enable us to win huge sums of money. 他们设计数以百计的竞赛，竞赛中有人可赢得巨额奖金。
A. 句法结构分析:
这个句子是一个主从复合句，主句是They devise hundreds of competitions，which will enable us to win huge sums of money是定语从句修饰先行词competitions。
B. 词汇拓展学习:
devise:
They had devised the best way to have the party before the meeting was held.
enable sb. to do: 使某人能够做某事
Hard work will enable you to pass the examinaiton, otherwise, no way.
8. Radio and television have made it possible for advertisers to capture the attention of millions of people in this way.电台、电视使做广告的人可以用这种手段吸引成百万人的注意力。A. 句法结构分析:
这是一个简单句
B. 词汇拓展学习:
Radio and television have made it possible for advertisers to capture the attention of millions of people in this way.
make it possible for sb to do sth 使……可能
His fwe material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease.
The money he won made it possible for him to make a tour around the world.
capture(catch, receive, arrest, draw) the attention of sb 吸引某人注意力。
9. During a radio programme, a company of biscuit manufacturers once asked listeners to bake biscuits and send them to their factory. 有一次，在电台播放的节目里，一个生产饼干的公司请听众烘制饼干送到他们的工厂去。
A. 句法结构分析:
这是一个简单句。
B. 词汇拓展学习:
asked listeners to bake biscuitsask sb. to do sth
send them to their factory.send sth to a place
10. They offered to pay $10 a pound for the biggest biscuit baked by a listener. The response to this competition was tremendous. 他们愿意以每磅10美元的价钱买下由听众烘制的最大的饼干。这次竞赛在听众中引起极其热烈的反响。A. 句法结构分析:
The response to this competition was tremendous.
responce = reaction: 反映
B. 词汇拓展学习
occupy = take up, 占据
11. Before long, biscuits of all shapes and sizes began arriving at the factory. One lady brought in a biscuit on a wheelbarrow. It weighed nearly 500 pounds. 不久，形状各异，大小不一的饼干陆续送到工厂。一位女士用手推车运来一个饼干，重达500磅左右。
A. 句法结构分析:
这三个句子都是简单句。
B. 词汇拓展学习:
Before long =soon, shortly不久，
注意long before是很久的意思
biscuits of all shapes (sizes ),
shoes of all sizes
Maps of all sizes
12. A little later, a man came along with a biscuit which occupied the whole boot of his car. 相隔不一会儿，一个男子也带来一个大饼干，那个饼干把汽车的行李箱挤得满满的。A. 句法结构分析:
本句是一个主从复合句，A little later, a man came along with a biscuit 这是主句， 相隔不一会儿，一个男子也带来一个大饼干。which occupied the whole boot of his car这是一个定语从句修饰先行词 biscuit，饼干把汽车的行李箱挤得满满的。B. 词汇拓展学习:
occupy = take up, 占据
13. All the biscuits that were sent were carefully weighed. The largest was 713 pounds. It seemed certain that this would win the prize. 凡送来的饼干都仔细地称量。最重的一个达713磅，看来这个饼干获奖无疑了。
词汇拓展学习:
A. weigh vt. 权衡；考虑；称…重量; vi. 重量为…；具有重要性；
1. How much do you weigh (= how heavy are you) ? 你体重多少？
2. He weighed the stone in his hand (= estimated how heavy it was by holding it) . 他用手掂了掂那块石头的重量。
3. She weighs 60 kilos. 她体重为60公斤。
4. These cases weigh a ton (= are very heavy) . 这些箱子重得很。
5. You must weigh up the pros and cons (= consider the advantages and disadvantages of sth) . 你必须权衡利弊。
6. I weighed the benefits of the plan against the risks involved. 我认真权衡了这个计划的优点和有关的风险。
7. She weighed up all the evidence. 她慎重地考虑了所有的证据。
B. It seemed certain that...用it 做形式主语表示肯定时，要用certain,而不能用sure.
We are sure / certain...
It is certain...
It is certain that they will agree.他们肯定会同意。
They are certain to agree. 他们肯定会同意。
14. But just before the competition closed, a lorry arrived at the factory with a truly colossal biscuit which weighed 2,400 pounds.但就在竞赛截止时间将到之际，一辆卡车驶进了工厂，运来了一个特大无比、重达2,400磅的饼干。A. 句法结构分析:
本句是一个主从复合句，before the competition closed是时间状语从句，主句a lorry arrived at the factory with a truly colossal biscuit
which weighed 2,400 pounds是定语从句修饰先行词biscuit
B. 词汇拓展学习:
colossal1. The singer earns a colossal amount of money. 那歌手现在可赚大钱了。《牛津词典》
2. There has been a colossal waste of public money. 一直有巨大的公款浪费。
15. It had been baked by a college student who had used over 1,000 pounds of flour, 800 pounds of sugar, 200 pounds of fat, and 400 pounds of various other ingredients.它是由一个大学生烘制的，用去1,000多磅的面粉、800磅食糖、200磅动物脂肪及400磅其他各种原料。A. 句法结构分析:
本句是一个主从复合句，主句是It had been baked by a college student
who had used...... 是定语从句修饰先行词a college student
B. 词汇拓展学习:
over 1,000 pounds of flour,1,000多磅的面粉
ingredients /ɪn'griːdɪənts/
1. Our skin cream contains only natural ingredients. 我们的护肤霜只含天然成分。《牛津词典》
2. Get all the ingredients together before you start cooking. 把所有的材料放在一起再开始烹饪。
16. It was so heavy that a crane had to be used to remove it from the lorry. 饼干份量太重了，用了一台起重机才把它从卡车上卸下。A. 句法结构分析:
本句是一个主从复合句，句型是“so...that”句型，that引导结果状语从句。e.g
B. 词汇拓展学习:
1. remove: to take something or someone away from somewhere, or off something移开；拿开；去掉；除去；调动1. The men came to remove the rubbish from the 这些人来清除后院的垃圾。
2. This detergent will remove even old stains.这种洗涤剂就连以前的顽渍也能除去。
3. It got so hot that he removed his tie and 天气太热了，他解下领带，脱掉外套。
4. They decided to remove their son from the 他们决定把儿子从那所学校转走。
2 to make a negative feeling disappear排除，去除，打消（负面情绪）
1. Hearing your opinion has removed my last doubts /suspicions about her.听了你的看法，我就彻底打消了对她的怀疑／猜疑。
3. 将…免职；开除；解除（某人的职务）
1. The company's shareholders have voted to remove the executive board.公司股东已经投票决定罢免执行董事会。
2. She has been removed from her post/position as director.她已经被免去了董事职位。
3. be far removed from sth means to be very different from something与…大相径庭；与…迥然不同；和…有天壤之别
4. It's a wonderful experience but it's far removed from reality.这是一次美妙的经历，但是和现实生活有天壤之别。
4. noun [C] a stage in a process or development阶段；时期；差距We are at one remove from (= very close to) war. 我们离战争仅一步之遥。
5. be several/many removes (away) from sth ，to have very little relation to somethingWhat you have said is many removes from the truth.你所说的与事实不符。
17. The manufacturers had to pay more money than they had anticipated, for they bought the biscuit from the student for $24,000. 饼干公司不得不付出比他们预计多得多的钱，因为为买下那学生烘制的饼干他们支付了24,000美元。
A. 句法结构分析:
本句是一个并列复合句，
第一个分句是The manufacturers had to pay more money than they had anticipated包含一个than引导的比较状语从句，
第二个分句是for引导的分句表示补充的原因 they bought the biscuit from the student for $24,000.
B. 词汇拓展学习:
A. anticipate v. 预期，预料 ; 预料到；期待，指望
1. We don't anticipate any major problems. 我们预料不会发生什么大问题。
2. Our anticipated arrival time is 8.30. 我们预计抵达的时间是8:30。
3. The eagerly anticipated movie will be released next month. 那出观众翘首企盼的电影将于下月上映。
4. Try and anticipate what the interviewers will ask. 尽量设想面试主持者会提出什么问题。
5. We anticipated the enemy would try to cross the river, so we decided to destory the bridge.
B. anticipate =expect: 期待，希望某事发生（不能表示“预料到”这一含义）；期待，指望，
1. anticipate doing
1. They anticipate moving to bigger premises by the end of the year. 他们预期年底前迁入较大的经营场址。
2. I don't anticipate it being a problem. 我认为它不会成为一个问题。
2. anticipate that 宾语从句
We anticipate that sales will rise next year. 我们预料明年销售量将会增加。
,
