python 常用爬虫库
Python常用爬虫代码总结方便查询beautifulsoup解析页面
|
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(htmltxt, "lxml" ) # 三种装载器 soup = BeautifulSoup( "<a></p>" , "html.parser" ) ### 只有起始标签的会自动补全,只有结束标签的会自动忽略 ### 结果为:<a></a> soup = BeautifulSoup( "<a></p>" , "lxml" ) ### 结果为:<html><body><a></a></body></html> soup = BeautifulSoup( "<a></p>" , "html5lib" ) ### html5lib则出现一般的标签都会自动补全 ### 结果为:<html><head></head><body><a><p></p></a></body></html> # 根据标签名、id、class、属性等查找标签 ### 根据class、id、以及属性alog-action的值和标签类别查询 soup.find( "a" , class_ = "title" , id = "t1" ,attrs = { "alog-action" : "qb-ask-uname" })) ### 查询标签内某属性的值 pubtime = soup.find( "meta" ,attrs = { "itemprop" : "datePublished" }).attrs[ 'content' ] ### 获取所有class为title的标签 for i in soup.find_all( class_ = "title" ): print (i.get_text()) ### 获取特定数量的class为title的标签 for i in soup.find_all( class_ = "title" ,limit = 2 ): print (i.get_text()) ### 获取文本内容时可以指定不同标签之间的分隔符,也可以选择是否去掉前后的空白。 soup = BeautifulSoup( '<p class="title" id="p1"><b> The Dormouses story </b></p><p class="title" id="p1"><b>The Dormouses story</b></p>' , "html5lib" ) soup.find( class_ = "title" ).get_text( "|" , strip = True ) #结果为:The Dormouses story|The Dormouses story ### 获取class为title的p标签的id soup.find( class_ = "title" ).get( "id" ) ### 对class名称正则: soup.find_all( class_ = re. compile ( "tit" )) ### recursive参数,recursive=False时,只find当前标签的第一级子标签的数据 soup = BeautifulSoup( '<html><head><title>abc' , 'lxml' ) soup.html.find_all( "title" , recursive = False ) |
unicode编码转中文
|
content = "\u65f6\u75c7\u5b85" content = content.encode( "utf8" , "ignore" ).decode( 'unicode_escape' ) |
url encode的解码与解码
|
from urllib import parse # 编码 x = "中国你好" y = parse.quote(x) print (y) # 解码 x = parse.unquote(y) print (x) |
html转义字符的解码
|
from html.parser import HTMLParser htmls = "<li><p>" txt = HTMLParser().unescape(htmls) print (txt) . # 输出<li><p> |
base64的编码与解码
|
import base64 # 编码 content = "测试转码文本123" contents_base64 = base64.b64encode(content.encode( 'utf-8' , 'ignore' )).decode( "utf-8" ) # 解码 contents = base64.b64decode(contents_base64) |
过滤emoji表情
|
def filter_emoji(desstr,restr = ''): try : co = re. compile (u '[\U00010000-\U0010ffff]' ) except re.error: co = re. compile (u '[\uD800-\uDBFF][\uDC00-\uDFFF]' ) return co.sub(restr, desstr) |
完全过滤script和style标签
|
import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup soup = BeautifulSoup(htmls, "lxml" ) for script in soup([ "script" , "style" ]): script.extract() print (soup) |
过滤html的标签,但保留标签里的内容
|
import re htmls = "<p>abc</p>" dr = re. compile (r '<[^>]+>' ,re.S) htmls2 = dr.sub('',htmls) print (htmls2) #abc 正则提取内容(一般处理json) rollback({ "response" : { "code" : "0" , "msg" : "Success" , "dext" : "" }, "data" : { "count" : 3 , "page" : 1 , "article_info" : [{ "title" : "“小库里”:适应比赛是首要任务 投篮终会找到节奏" , "url" : "http:\/\/sports.qq.com\/a\/20180704\/035378.htm" , "time" : "2018-07-04 16:58:36" , "column" : "NBA" , "img" : "", "desc" : "" }, { "title" : "首钢体育助力国家冰球集训队 中国冰球联赛年底启动" , "url" : "http:\/\/sports.qq.com\/a\/20180704\/034698.htm" , "time" : "2018-07-04 16:34:44" , "column" : "综合体育" , "img" : "", "desc" : "" }...] } }) import re # 提取这个json中的每条新闻的title、url # (.*?)为要提取的内容,可以在正则字符串中加入.*?表示中间省略若干字符 reg_str = r '"title":"(.*?)",.*?"url":"(.*?)"' pattern = re. compile (reg_str,re.DOTALL) items = re.findall(pattern,htmls) for i in items: tilte = i[ 0 ] url = i[ 1 ] |
时间操作
|
# 获取当前日期 today = datetime.date.today() print (today) #2018-07-05 # 获取当前时间并格式化 time_now = time.strftime( "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" ,time.localtime(time.time())) print (time_now) #2018-07-05 14:20:55 # 对时间戳格式化 a = 1502691655 time_a = time.strftime( "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" , time.localtime( int (a))) print (time_a) #2017-08-14 14:20:55 # 字符串转为datetime类型 str = "2018-07-01 00:00:00" datetime.datetime.strptime(st, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" ) # 将时间转化为时间戳 time_line = "2018-07-16 10:38:50" time_tuple = time.strptime(time_line, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" ) time_line2 = int (time.mktime(time_tuple)) # 明天的日期 today = datetime.date.today() tomorrow = today + datetime.timedelta(days = 1 ) print (tomorrow) #2018-07-06 # 三天前的时间 today = datetime.datetime.today() tomorrow = today + datetime.timedelta(days = - 3 ) print (tomorrow) #2018-07-02 13:37:00.107703 # 计算时间差 start = "2018-07-03 00:00:00" time_now = datetime.datetime.now() b = datetime.datetime.strptime(start, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' ) minutes = (time_now - b).seconds / 60 days = (time_now - b).days all_minutes = days * 24 * 60 + minutes print (minutes) #821.7666666666667 print (days) #2 print (all_minutes) #3701.7666666666664 |
数据库操作
|
import pymysql conn = pymysql.connect(host = '10.0.8.81' , port = 3306 , user = 'root' , passwd = 'root' ,db = 'xxx' , charset = 'utf8' ) cur = conn.cursor() insert_sql = "insert into tbl_name( id ,name,age) values( % s, % s, % s) id = 1 name = "like" age = 26 data_list = [] data = ( id ,name,age) # 单条插入 cur.execute(insert_sql,data) conn.commit() # 批量插入 data_list.append(data) cur.executemany(insert_sql,data_list) conn.commit() #特殊字符处理(name中含有特殊字符) data = ( id ,pymysql.escape_string(name),age) #更新 update_sql = "update tbl_name set content = '%s' where id = " + str ( id ) cur.execute(update_sql % (pymysql.escape_string(content))) conn.commit() #批量更新 update_sql = "UPDATE tbl_recieve SET content = %s ,title = %s , is_spider = %s WHERE id = %s" update_data = (contents,title,is_spider,one_new[ 0 ]) update_data_list.append(update_data) if len (update_data_list) > 500 : try : cur.executemany(update_sql,update_data_list) conn.commit() |
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,谢谢大家对开心学习网的支持。如果你想了解更多相关内容请查看下面相关链接
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/lk7688535/article/details/87863877