nginxdjango部署
详解Django+uwsgi+Nginx上线最佳实战什么是uwsgi?
uWSGI是一个Web服务器,它实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是与uWSGI服务器进行交换。WSGI是一种Web服务器网关接口。它是一个Web服务器(如nginx,uWSGI等服务器)与web应用(如用Flask框架写的程序)通信的一种规范。
- WSGI是一种通信协议。
- uwsgi是一种线路协议而不是通信协议,在此常用于在uWSGI服务器与其他网络服务器的数据通信。uwsgi协议是一个uWSGI服务器自有的协议,它用于定义传输信息的类型(type of information),每一个uwsgi packet前4byte为传输信息类型描述,它与WSGI相比是两样东西。
- uWSGI是实现了uwsgi和WSGI两种协议的Web服务器。
在开始之前
最小化安装CentOS 6
备份网卡文件
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~$ mkdir /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/backup ~$ cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/backup/ifcfg-eth0 .backup |
配置阿里云镜像源
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~$ mkdir /etc/yum .repos.d /old ~$ mv /etc/yum .repos.d /CentOS- * /etc/yum .repos.d /old/ ~$ cd /etc/yum .repos.d/ ~$ curl -o /etc/yum .repos.d /CentOS-Base .repo http: //mirrors .aliyun.com /repo/Centos-6 .repo ~$ yum clean all && yum repolist all && yum update -y ~$ reboot |
Python3.6.0
上传Python-3.6.0.tar.xz
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~$ rz |
安装依赖
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yum install zlib* gcc openssl openssl-devel libffi-devel -y yum install pcre pcre-devel pcre-static -y |
解压Python-3.6.0.tar.xz
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~$ tar -xvf Python-3.6.0. tar .xz ~$ cd Python-3.6.0 |
修改部分源代码
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~$ vim Modules /Setup .dist # 将该文件的204到209行部分代码取消注释,完成后如下所示: # Socket module helper for socket(2) _socket socketmodule.c # Socket module helper for SSL support; you must comment out the other # socket line above, and possibly edit the SSL variable: SSL= /usr/local/ssl _ssl _ssl.c \ -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL) /include -I$(SSL) /include/openssl \ -L$(SSL) /lib -lssl -lcrypto # The crypt module is now disabled by default because it breaks builds |
编译安装
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~$ . /configure ~$ make -j ~$ make install ~$ cd ~$ rm -rf Python-3.6.0 |
防火墙
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# 恢复默认配置 iptables -F # 放通3306/8000/80端口 iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 8000 -j ACCEPT iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # 保存规则 /etc/init .d /iptables save |
SELinux
关闭SELinux
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~$ vim /etc/selinux/config # 修改配置为如下所示: SELINUX=permissive ~$ reboot |
数据库
二进制方式安装
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# 查找相关旧文件并删除 find / -name mysql find / -name mariadb # 移除全部相关包 rpm -qa | grep mysql rpm -qa | grep mariadb # 添加用户 useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M # 解压移动文件 tar -xvf mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64. tar .gz mv mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /applications/ ln -s /applications/mysql-5 .7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /applications/mysql # 创建配置文件 vim /etc/my .cnf # 创建相关目录 mkdir -p /data/mysql/data mkdir -p /data/mysql/log # 手动创建日志文件 touch /data/mysql/log/mysqld .log # 修改权限 chown -R mysql.mysql /applications/mysql chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql |
MySQL配置文件
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[client] port=3306 socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] port=3306 datadir=/data/mysql/data basedir=/applications/mysql pid-file=/data/mysql/mysqld.pid socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql character-set-server=utf8mb4 default-storage-engine=INNODB collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' max_connections = 1000 max_connect_errors = 1200 max_allowed_packet = 128M explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true query_cache_size = 0 query_cache_type = 0 log_error = /data/mysql/log/error.log slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/log/slow.log log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1 log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 5 long_query_time = 8 log_slow_slave_statements = 1 min_examined_row_limit = 100 expire_logs_days = 5 tmpdir = /tmp innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/mysql/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/data/mysql/mysqld.pid |
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# 同步数据 /applications/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir= /applications/mysql/ --datadir= /data/mysql/data/ --user=mysql |
配置并启动
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cp /applications/mysql/support-files/mysql .server /etc/init .d /mysqld chmod +x /etc/init .d /mysqld vim /etc/init .d /mysqld |
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# 修改以下两行 basedir=/applications/mysql datadir=/data/mysql/data |
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# 查看是否启动 netstat -tunlap | grep mysql # 添加服务并设置为开机自启动 chkconfig --add mysqld chkconfig mysqld on |
初始化数据库
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/applications/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation |
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-- 设置用户密码 alter user 'root' @ 'localhost' identified by '123456' ; -- 允许root远程访问 GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root' @ '%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION ; FLUSH PRIVILEGES ; |
Django
配置pip3源
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mkdir /root/ .pip touch /root/ .pip /pip .conf echo '[global]' >> /root/ .pip /pip .conf echo 'trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com' >> /root/ .pip /pip .conf echo 'index-url=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/' >> /root/ .pip /pip .conf |
创建虚拟环境安装依赖
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# PublisherPro,一个支持MD轻量级的CMS程式. git clone https: / / gitee.com / bluemiaomiao / PublisherPro.git pip3 install virtualenv cd PROJECT_DIR virtualenv venv source venv / bin / activate pip3 install - r requestments.txt pip3 install uwsgi mkdir log mkdir script touch PublisherPro / script / uwsgi.pid touch PublisherPro / script / uwsgi.status vim uwsgi.ini |
修改项目配置
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# PROJECT_DIR/PROJECT_NAME/settings.py # 设置为生产环境 DEBUG = False # 配置数据库 DATABASES = { 'default' : { 'ENGINE' : 'django.db.backends.mysql' , 'NAME' : 'publisher_pro' , 'USER' : 'pubpro' , 'PASSWORD' : 'bluemiaomiao' , 'HOST' : '192.168.1.203' , 'PORT' : '3306' , 'OPTIONS' : { 'init_command' : 'SET default_storage_engine=INNODB;' }, } } # 配置静态文件相关 # STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')] STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static' ) |
创建数据库和用户
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CREATE DATABASE `publisher_pro` CHARACTER SET 'utf8' COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci' ; CREATE USER `pubpro`@`localhost` IDENTIFIED BY 'bluemiaomiao' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER; CREATE USER `pubpro`@`%` IDENTIFIED BY 'bluemiaomiao' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER; GRANT All ON `publisher\_pro`.* TO `pubpro`@`%`; |
同步数据库
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./venv/bin/python3 manage.py makemigrations ./venv/bin/python3 manage.py migrate ./venv/bin/python3 manage.py createsuperuser ./venv/bin/python3 manage.py collectstatic |
uwsgi
配置文件内容
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# uwsig使用配置文件启动 [uwsgi] # 项目目录 chdir=/applications/website/PublisherPro # 指定项目的application module=PublisherPro.wsgi:application # 指定sock的文件路径 socket=/applications/website/PublisherPro/script/uwsgi.sock # 进程个数 workers=5 pidfile=/applications/website/PublisherPro/script/uwsgi.pid # 状态文件 stats=/applications/website/PublisherPro/script/uwsgi.status # 指定IP端口 http=0.0.0.0:8000 # 指定静态文件 static-map=/static=/applications/website/PublisherPro/static # 启动uwsgi的用户名和用户组 uid=pubpro gid=pubpro # 启用主进程 master=true # 自动移除unix Socket和pid文件当服务停止的时候 vacuum=true # 序列化接受的内容,如果可能的话 thunder-lock=true # 启用线程 enable-threads=true # 设置自中断时间 harakiri=30 # 设置缓冲 post-buffering=4096 # 设置日志目录 daemonize=/applications/website/PublisherPro/log/uwsgi.log |
创建用户和组并修改权限
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# 创建用户 useradd pubpro -s /sbin/nologin -M # 检查结果 id pubpro # 修改权限 chown -R pubpro.pubpro /applications/website/PublisherPro/ # 检查结果 ll -d /applications/website/PublisherPro/ |
测试Django应用
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# 启动应用 uwsgi - - ini uwsgi.ini # 重载应用 uwsgi - - reload script / uwsgi.pid # 状态信息 uwsgi - - connect - and - read script / uwsgi.status # 停止应用 uwsgi - - stop script / uwsgi.pid |
Nginx