.英语中的形容词和副词
形容词Adjectives告诉我们关于一个人或一件事的事情。形容词可以修饰名词(girl)或代词(she)。
副词Adverbs 告诉我们某人怎样做某事。副词可以修饰动词(如drive)、形容词或其他副词。
|
形容词 |
副词 |
|
Mandy is a careful girl. |
Mandy drives carefully. |
|
She is very careful. |
She drives carefully. |
Mandy is a careful driver.
这句话是关于司机曼迪的，所以用这个形容词。
Mandy drives carefully.
这个句子是关于她开车的方式，所以用这个副词。
2. 形式
Adjective -ly
|
形容词 |
副词 |
|
dangerous |
dangerously |
|
careful |
carefully |
|
nice |
nicely |
|
horrible |
horribly |
|
easy |
easily |
|
electronic |
electronically |
不规则形式:
|
形容词 |
副词 |
|
good |
well |
|
fast |
fast |
|
hard |
hard |
If the adjective ends in -y, change -y to -i. Then add -ly:
如果形容词以-y结尾，将-y改为-i。然后添加ly:
- happy – happily
但是：
- shy – shyly
如果形容词以-le结尾，副词以-ly结尾:
- terrible – terribly
如果形容词以-e结尾，那么添加-ly:
- safe – safely
►并非所有以ly结尾的单词都是副词:
- 以-ly结尾的形容词: friendly, silly, lonely, ugly
- 有以 –ly结尾的名词: ally, bully, Italy, melancholy
- 以 –ly结尾的动词: apply, rely, supply
以ly结尾的形容词没有副词，如sily。
3. 副词的应用
3.1. 修饰动词
The handball team played badly last Saturday.
3.2. 修饰形容词
It was an extremely bad match.
3.3. 修饰另一个副词
The handball team played extremely badly last Wednesday.
3.4. 修饰数量
There are quite a lot of people here.
3.5. 修饰全句
Unfortunately, the flight to Dallas had been cancelled.
4. 副词的种类
4.1. 行为副词
- quickly
- kindly
4.2.程度副词
- very
- rather
4.3. 频率副词
- often
- sometimes
4.4. 时间副词
- now
- today
4.5. 地点副词
- here
- nowhere
5. 如何知道是用副词还是形容词?
John is a careful driver.
在这个句子中我们说约翰是多么的小心。如果我们想说谨慎的约翰昨天没有按通常的方式开车，我们必须使用副词:
- John did not drive carefully yesterday.
再举个例子：
- I am a slow walker. (How am I? → slow → adjective)
- I walk slowly. (How do I walk? → slowly → adverb)
6. 特殊动词后面的形容词或副词
Both adjectives and adverbs may be used after look, smell and taste. Mind the change in meaning.
Here are two examples:
形容词和副词都可以在外观look、嗅觉smell和味觉taste之后使用。注意意思的变化。
这里有两个例子:
|
形容词 |
副词 |
|
The pizza tastes good.(How is the pizza?) |
Jamie Oliver can taste well.(How can Jamie Oliver taste?) |
|
Peter's feet smell bad.(How are his feet?) |
Peter can smell badly.(How can Peter smell?) |
不要混淆 good/well的用法。
- Linda looks good. (What type of person is she?)
- Linda looks well. (How is Linda? – She may have been ill, but now she is fit again.)(注意：意思完全不同)
- How are you? – I'm fine, thank you./I'm good. (emotional state)
- How are you? – I'm well, thank you. (physical state)
人们可以认为在第二句/第三句中使用了副词well，但这是错误的——well可以是一个形容词(意思是健壮fit/健康healthy)，或者是形容词good的副词。
结论:
- 当你谈论某人本身时，使用形容词。
- 当你想说关于动作的时候，用副词。
