昨天总体讲了定语从句的关系词,其实你会发现并不算多,全部加起来都不到 10 个,所以各个击破就是最好的办法,那今天我们就重点讲一讲其中的三个:who、whom 和 whose。
一、Who 的用法
who 的用法
1、在限定性从句中作主语,不可省略
- A seaman is someone who works on a ship. 海员是在船上工作的人。
2、在限定性从句中作宾语,可省略
- The police arrested a man (who) Jill worked with. 警方逮捕了一名与吉尔共事的男子。
3、在非限定性从句中作主语,不可省略
- Alice, who has worked in Beijing ever since leaving Shanghai, will be starting an English course in the summer. 爱丽丝将在夏天开始一门英语课程,她离开上海后一直在北京工作。
4、在非限定性从句中作宾语,不可省略
- Clare, who I work with, is doing the London marathon this year. 克莱尔今年将参加伦敦马拉松比赛,他是我的同事。
小结:关系词 Who 在定语从句中即可作主语也可作宾语,只有当其在限定性定语从句作宾语时可以省略,其他情况都不可以省略。
二、Whom 的用法
whom 的用法
1、在限定性从句中作宾语,可用 who 替换,可省略
- The old man (whom) I met a moment ago is a driver. 我刚才遇到的那位老人是一名司机。
2、在限定性从句中作介词宾语,且介词提前,不可用 who 替换,不可省略
- The person to whom I complained is the CEO of Microsoft. 我向他投诉的那个人是微软的首席执行官。
3、在非限定性从句中作宾语,可用 who 替换,不可省略
- She went to work with my brother, whom she later married. 她和我弟弟一起去工作,后来她嫁给了他。
4、在非限定性从句中作宾语,且前面有介词,不可用 who 替换,不可省略
- She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. 她带了3个朋友来,我以前都没见过。
小结:关系词 Whom 在定语从句中作宾语,在非正式场合下可用 who 代替,但在非限定性定语从句中以用 whom 为佳;当其紧跟在介词后时,只能用whom,不能用who,且不可省略。
三、Whose 的用法
Whose 的用法
1、在限定性从句中,whose 后应紧跟名词,在从句中作定语
- The little girl whose doll was lost is sad. 那个丢了娃娃的小女孩很伤心。
2、在非限定性从句中,whose 后应紧跟名词,在从句中作定语
- Mrs. White, whose children are in high school, is trying to get a job. 怀特太太正在努力找一份工作,她的孩子们在上高中。
3、whose 除了指人还可指物
- We must repair the desks whose legs are broken. 我们必须修理那些断了腿的课桌。(限定性从句)
- His house, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight. 他的房子窗户无一完好,一派令人心酸的景象。(非限定性从句)
4、指人时可用 of whom 代替 whose,但语序可能不同
下面三句话都在说一件事 “我想帮助那些孩子,他们的父母在战争中受伤或死亡”,但是语序可能不一样。
- I want to help the children, whose parents were injured or died in the war. (非限定性从句)
- I want to help the children, of whom the parents were injured or died in the war. (非限定性从句)
- I want to help the children, the parents of whom were injured or died in the war. (非限定性从句)
5、指物时可用 of which 代替 whose,但语序可能不同
下面三句话都在说一件事 “我们必须修理那些断了腿的课桌”,但是语序可能不一样。
- We must repair the desks whose legs are broken.
- We must repair the desks of which the legs are broken.
- We must repair the desks the legs of which are broken.
小结:
(1) Whose 既可以指代先行词中的人,也可指代先行词中的物,其后应紧跟名词,在从句中作定语;
(2) 当其指人时可用 of whom 代替,当其指物时可用 of which 代替,但是注意语序问题,指代的名词放到 “of which / of whom” 之前或者之后都可以
好啦,第 51 天的内容就是这些,恭喜你又学会了一个新知识点。
喜欢就关注我或转发吧,要不之后可能就找不到我了。
往期回顾每日英语知识点 DAY50:定语从句的关系词都有哪些?
每日英语知识点 DAY49:定语从句的限定性和非限定性是什么意思?
每日英语知识点 DAY48:定语从句长什么样儿,很狰狞么?
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