丹东
草莓
于维盛在草莓包装点展示引进的新品种草莓果
04 “俺们这地方有于维盛，是老百姓的福分”
椅圈镇依兰苏村的草莓种植户孙鸿桥至今谈及于维盛还觉得惭愧，感觉很对不起老于。当初于维盛让他做温室草莓氯化苦的土壤消毒实验，而他和妻子除了十分不愿意外，还百般难为于维盛。又是让于维盛买地膜，又是让于维盛亲自为他的土壤消毒、盖地膜等。
孙鸿桥的百般难为，并没有让于维盛退缩，就按照孙鸿桥的意愿自己开始进行土壤消毒，而且还当众承诺如果达不到理想的效果，他愿意承担一切损失。
因为氯化苦是警戒性的薰蒸剂，这种消毒剂虽然对于粮食害虫薰蒸以及土壤、植物种子消毒有特效，但刺激眼睛、呼吸系统和皮肤，人吸入会有极高的危险性。
20 多年前那时候一般农村也没有什么防毒面具。于维盛就用一条湿毛巾捂在嘴和鼻子上，在脑后系一下，然后挽上裤腿、光着脚丫，拿着特种注射器开始工作。他根据操作要求，每 15 厘米乘以 15 厘米的一个地方注射 5 毫升的氯化苦。然后用脚把针眼抹平，还要跟着用地膜覆盖，防止这种熏蒸剂外泄造成熏着人还达不到消毒的后果。就这样经过一个下午的忙活，于维盛终于完成了孙鸿桥家两个温室的土壤消毒。就在于维盛洗脸洗脚的时候，孙鸿桥的妻子还一个劲儿地嘟哝：“给俺家地弄坏了，你可要赔呀。”于维盛则是笑着回复她：“放心吧，俺家离你家不远，我跑不了。”当时的温室草莓大棚因为土传病害的问题，基本上一个温室大棚顶多用两年，然后要易地重新建一个，隔八年后再回原地栽植，才能保证草莓的产量和质量，但这样既浪费了人力财力，又不方便。当时作为镇农业助理的于维盛及时发现了这一问题，为了给广大种植户们排忧解难，他多方寻找专家咨询又查阅了很多关于土壤消毒的资料，最后终于发现，有一种叫做氯化苦的土壤消毒剂，已经在美国、日本、荷兰等农业大国广泛应用，而且这种土壤消毒剂的产地就在我国大连市。
于维盛因为找到了切实解决草莓土传病危害的良药而兴奋不已。他又借鉴国外经验，研制出适应本地土壤的氯化苦消毒法。
为了让更多人信服，于维盛除了在自己家的实验棚内进行消毒实验，又去动员孙鸿桥消毒，于是就出现了前文的场景，在这之后他也把自己三哥的两个温室大棚纳入了实验中。
为什么孙鸿桥至今还惭愧？后来的结果是，经过于维盛土壤消毒的两个温室草莓产量比原来提高了 60﹪以上。当这一切到来的时候，孙鸿桥内心五味杂陈，在后来的一次酒桌上，他除了叫了一声“大哥对不起”，还深深向于维盛鞠了一躬，同时还热情地向一起吃饭的乡邻们推介于维盛的土壤消毒法。
马家岗村的草莓种植户于春和说是于维盛救了他一家。怎么回事儿呢？
这还要从他经历一次至今也认为是羞辱的事情开始。
于春和在乡里是一个资深的草莓种植户，因为善于管理和经营，头几年草莓的生意十分红火，很多商贩都愿意收购他家的草莓，当时真可谓门庭若市，也结交了几个关系比较铁的草莓收购商。但是随后几年里他家的草莓因为个头小，品相不好看，味道也不行，很多收购商就开始逐渐远离了他。
等到他这个一亩三分地的温室草莓种植到第八年的时候，他家的草莓竟然无人问津了。而且经济效益直线下降，就连买个地膜的钱都需要他在镇上开饭店的哥哥于春年的资助。
于春和草莓卖不出去心急呀，于是就给一个关系最铁的草莓收购商打了个电话。电话那头说正在这附近一家收草莓，让他把草莓送过去。
于春和仿佛找到了一棵救命的稻草一样，满怀感激和喜悦，乐颠颠地把草莓送了过去。但是人家看见他的草莓后，嫌弃个头小，不水灵还干巴巴的，根本没法销售出去。但是考虑到往日的情义还是勉强把于春和的草莓收购了。就在于春和从收购商手里接过钱正在数的时候，收购商竟然把于春和的草莓当着他的面全部倒进了沟里。紧跟着又说了一句：“以后你就别干草莓这一行了，出去打点工也比这个强。”
当时的于春和在众多草莓种植户那里羞愧到了极致，恨不得找个地缝钻进去。回到家后大哭了一场，他哭，妻子和孩子也跟着哭。
当哥哥于春年得知这一切后，觉得自己的弟弟太可怜了，就去乡政府找到了于维盛，问能不能帮他弟弟找一份打工的活儿干。
于维盛问清了缘由后，立即就跟着于春年来到于春和的家里，问清了他的温室大棚的棚龄，一听说已经用了 8 年，于维盛非常肯定地告诉于家哥俩，就用氯化苦消毒。说干就干，于维盛让于春年出资去买消毒剂和地膜。见这哥俩还在犹豫，于维盛笑着而且不失认真地承诺：“这样吧，如果今年冬天的草莓瞎了，我赔！如果挣了超过往年三倍要分给我三分之一。”
这哥俩看见于维盛这么一种态度，就开始买材料、拿工具，跟着于维盛来到棚里开始忙活了起来。
不出于维盛所料，于春和经过土壤消毒的这一亩三分地，重新焕发了生机，不但果大，而且品相也好，更重要的是产量也翻了一倍半，那些久违的收购商们不但回来了，而且还有新的收购商加盟进来，一时间于春和“满血复活”的消息也不胫而走，他家的草莓不仅收购价格高，还成了收购商们的抢手货。
于春和又一次哭了，这次流出的眼泪融汇了喜悦以及对于维盛的感激之情。他逢人便说于维盛是他这一生的恩人。当他真的把三分之一的草莓收入送到于维盛家里的时候，于维盛谢绝之余还逗他：“大老爷们别再哭鼻子了，当初我如果不是这样激你，你能相信吗！”
肯定地说，于春和这个不是个案。在采访的过程中，提起于维盛，当地农民十分感慨地说 :“我们手里的 10 元钱，就有 2 元是于维盛‘给’的。”
中国最大的温室草莓大棚的主人、依兰苏村村民徐东指着自己那500 多米长的大棚，非常自豪地告诉我：“俺们这地方有于维盛，是老百姓的福分。”
的确，20 多年来，经于维盛指导富起来的农民成千上万，年收入10 万元以上的也不计其数。的确，于维盛的多项发明推广，不仅使引进的草莓果大、形好、味美，而且单株产量高达 0.8 公斤，使草莓总体增产幅度达 50 ﹪以上。就连远在齐鲁大地的山东省果树研究所研究员、著名果树专家王钧毅都这样评价他 :“于维盛在草莓设施栽培、露地栽培以及反季节栽培和品种引进等方面有新的突破，有的已经达到了国内领先水平，他的研究水准已达到了推广研究员的水平。”
于维盛展示他进行草莓新品种实验用的自制工具
05 丹东九九草莓在他手中诞生并走向全国
1999 年 9 月 19 日，著名草莓专家、日本的斋藤明彦先生与夫人应邀来丹东。他向丹东和东港赠送了三棵新品种草莓苗“红颜”，也就是现在远近闻名的丹东九九草莓的原种苗。而于维盛就成为这三棵种苗的其中一棵的主要繁育实验者。在原马家岗乡加油站的旁边，当时的乡政府为于维盛建设了一个温室大棚，专为这棵珍贵的“红颜”原种苗的繁育实验提供了一个良好的空间。
为了这棵种苗的繁育，于维盛也是拼了。吃住都在温室大棚里，一个面包或者一盒大碗面就是他一天的伙食。有时半夜醒了，他也会拿着手电筒这照照、那瞅瞅，认真观察种苗繁育的每个细节。为了确保种苗的成功繁育，他把自己先前掌握的草莓管理的“十八般武艺”都在这里发挥出来。温度、湿度的认真记录以及适时调整，草莓吊子插进营养钵的具体时间，以及防病害药物的及时喷洒······真可谓是精益求精了。当然，于维盛也为此付出了健康的代价——因为温室的湿气大，他的身上长出了很多水痘，又疼又痒，现在还能清晰地看见一个个小疤痕，腰部至今也是时断时续地疼，更不用说两条腿患上了风湿病。
在这期间，于维盛还不时与原种苗的提供者斋藤先生进行交流，以求得“真经”。斋藤先生被于维盛这种热爱、执着的精神所感动，因此每次来东港都会第一个约上于维盛，跟他详谈草莓的科学管理方法。就这样，他俩成了异国之间的好朋友。于维盛以及参与这棵种苗繁育的东港草莓的科研人员成功了。20年间，当这棵“红颜”的“子孙后代”遍布东港草莓种植区，给椅圈镇乃至全东港市带来丰厚的经济回报时；当这个后来被命名为“九九草莓”的种苗引入全国 85% 的草莓种植区时；当丹东九九草莓因其个头大、口感香甜深受广大消费者喜爱而驰名中外时，于维盛以及东港草莓人终将载入中国草莓发展史册中。更重要的一点是，种植草莓的农民们在受益的同时，也接受了于维盛“受之以渔”的指导，于是他们几乎各个成为草莓技术员，草莓种植中的一些小问题不用于维盛也能自己解决。对于这一点于维盛特别欣慰。他有一句话特别意味深长：“让每一个草莓种植的农民都成为解决草莓问题的行家里手，是我最大的愿望。”
草莓技术员马权深有感触地告诉我 , 老于教给他们的技术不仅让他们自己一生受用，也为其他地区的人们带来极高的经济收入。多年来，于维盛带出了 500 多人的技术员队伍。现在，他们有的到国外发展草莓生产；有的被外省市高薪聘请做草莓技术顾问；有的成为周边乡镇颇有名气的草莓专家和草莓种植能手。于维盛也曾以中国草莓专家的身份前往朝鲜首都平壤，指导那里的草莓栽培。在6天的时间里，他根据当地的土壤及气候特点，制定了草莓栽培详细种植计划。
第三次采访的时候，正值草莓刚结果。于维盛谈及他的草莓种苗更新换代“优选法”，这让我产生了浓厚的兴趣。为了让我对“优选法”印象深刻，他拿着一大把方便筷子，领着我进入他的实验棚里。
只见他在先结果的那些草莓苗子上左右端详，不时地插上一根筷子，就这样走走看看，很多草莓垄上一个个小筷子就直立在那儿了。然后他蹲在其中一棵插筷子的苗子跟前给我细细讲解：“你看，这一棵苗子，非常敦实，证明它的生长能力强可以丰产；再一个先结果，证明早熟可以卖上好价钱；最后你再看这长果势头，红的、半红的、白的，还有刚开花的，这就证明它的接续能力强，有了这三个方面优势就可以用它来繁殖下一年的种苗了。就这样，连续三年优选，使用五年后，再这样优选，就确保了引进的品种丰产早熟，大大提高了草莓的产量、质量和巨大的经济效益。”
“我讲得明白吧？你能听懂的，因为你文化水平高。”老于笑了，然后站起身，领我出了草莓棚。你还别说，老于这么通俗的讲解连我这样一个草莓种植的门外汉都极其容易接受了。不曾想我回来跟一个同事简单介绍了于维盛的“优选法”，他竟然动起了想和亲戚一起经营草莓种苗繁育生意的念头。
关于于维盛，这么一点文字显然是无法达成那几十个小时的采访录音内容的，无论官媒还是民间，他的事儿被传扬得太多了。关于他的故事，小镇的农民们有说不完的话，只是限于篇幅，很多的细节无法在这里展开。
写下这些文字时，我就在想，一个人能够被很多人传扬并铭记的理由只有一个，那就是人格和人品。
而于维盛之所以被小镇的人们感激并铭记，其理由很简单，就是他把自己当作了一颗种子，无论在贫瘠的土地抑或是荒芜的山野，他都能生根、开花、结果。正是因为他热心播撒科技的种子，家乡的农民才真真切切地尝到了丰收的果实。你说，谁能忘记他呢！
（ 节选自辽宁省作家协会2021 年定点深入生活项目《小镇草莓的前世今生》）
I can not forget the acknowledgement made during an interview by a college graduate who returned to his hometown to start a business: “We're entitled to say Teacher Yu Weisheng is the soul and lighthouse in strawberry farming in our region. No matter what happens, we feel confident about strawberry farming for the simple reason that he stays with us.”
I can still remember the look of the young graduate when he made the above comment—admiration and trust from the bottom of his heart.
Yu Hongtao, vice chairman of Donggang Writers Association and deputy mayor of Yiquan Township, said that he had been a colleague of Yu's for decades and, frankly speaking, but for his persistence and devotion, they wouldn't have had the brand of 99 Strawberry in Dandong.
Born in 1954, Yu Weisheng was an assistant of agriculture of Yiquan Township and won many titles, such as National Youth Model of Agricultural Science Learning and Application, National Youth Pioneer of Star Flame, Model Worker of Liaoning Province, Model Party Member of Liaoning CPC, and Model Public Servant of Dandong.
Yu's father was a fruit tree technician, under whose influence Yu developed a penchant for fruit trees. 50 years ago, each household in Dandong had a small plot of land where strawberries were planted for family consumption. One day, Yu Weisheng, a high school graduate at the time, transplanted strawberries to flowerpots. His father was surprised, but he continued to take care of the sprouts as if nothing had happened.
His persistence paid off. Dozens of flowerpots were teemed with flowers and fruits. Villagers near and far flocked to his courtyard to see his new strawberries as if they had discovered a new continent.
They spoke highly of Yu's experiment and had high expectations about the young man. Yu wasn't complacent. Instead, he was thinking about how to transform his strawberries into money for his family. With a neighbor's help, he took the potted strawberries to Dandong where he peddled along alleys and streets and sold them to the local residents, each pot for 2 yuan.
It's the first success in his life. A young heart is always motivated by success. That year, Yu was twenty.After that he became the first man who had built a strawberry greenhouse in Donggang. Made up of bricks and wood, his greenhouse brought a pleasant surprise to the snow-covered village.
The green sprouts and red strawberries brought again an early spring to his neighbors. Up to now, those who had witnessed the historic moment would like to recall the event and speak highly of Yu's innovations.
Yu's village was the first one to use greenhouses for strawberries. It had set an example for other villages in Donggang.
After many renovations, Yu's greenhouse became the experiment site for new species and technologies.
“Neither my head nor my hands can lay idle. I'm always thinking about new ideas. Sometimes they do work.” A smile broke on his weathered face when he made the comment on his own past experience.
Yu is indeed an extraordinary man. Those who were interviewed all agreed Yu was their coffer. Or as far as strawberry farming is concerned, Yu's technical guidance means money.
One example is the discovery and spread of honeybee pollination. For over 40 years the farmers have benefited from it. But they're still puzzled by one problem. Some of their strawberries grow deformed, neither tasty nor attractive. In fact it is caused by unevenly distributed pollination.
As early as 1977, because of the lack of technical guidance, hand pollination was adopted by the farmers, who had to work long hours, but to their disappointment many of the strawberries grew into grotesque shapes and were difficult to sell for a good price.
To solve the problem, Yu began to seek help from the professionals and related technical materials, but to no avail. One day, purely by accident, he was enlightened by a book about fruit tree technology where he was informed that fruit trees in a greenhouse can be pollinated by honeybees. Nonetheless, he began to worry about the bees that could refuse to work in a greenhouse where temperature is low. He asked a friend to bring back a box of honeybees and started an experiment in his own greenhouse. It was a great success. The percentage of deformed strawberries was halved, dropping from 50% to less than 10 %.Moreover, his output increased 4 times thanks to the experiment.
The success of honeybee pollination brought a great leap in greenhouse strawberry farming in Donggang. Since the year 1979, when the technology was applied in more greenhouses, a new chapter was turned for the local farmers.
Yu Weisheng loves his experimental greenhouse, where he often works all day long. “My husband stays in his greenhouse from morning till night. I cannot expect him to do anything for the family and our children. When he is back he is always occupied by questions from visitors or phone calls. I often complain to him that he is the only person who's working as busy as a bee,” his wife, Xia Feng, told me bluntly.
In the recent 20 years, Yu has trained countless farmers who begin to live a better life thanks to his help and whose annual incomes have reached $15,000.
There are over 500 technicians in his team. Among them some have become famous experts in neighboring villages, some have been hired by other towns and cities as technical advisers, and some even have gone abroad for strawberry development.
Now Yu is remembered by the townsfolk who are grateful for the seeds he has warmheartedly spread and for the tangible strawberries he has brought to them.
(Trans. by G.Q.)
于维盛受邀到青海西宁为草莓种植户现场做技术指导
文/图：孙成文
编辑：徐博彦检校：水 天责编：景雪峰,
