几乎每套高考英语试卷的语法填空题都有2—3个题目要对括号内所给的单词进行词性转换。分析句子结构，并确定所填单词在句子中的语法功能是解答词性转换题的关键。
从多年高考命题来看，词性转换一般遵循以下原则：
1.加后缀，不加前缀；
2.单词由短变长，由简变繁；
3.一步到位，不发生多次变化。
“单词变形记”之一：提示词是名词
提示词是名词时，按照考频排序，常见的名词变形有以下形式：
1.变成复数形式（高频）；
2.变成形容词（高频）；
3.变成名词所有格形式（低频）；
4.变成同根名词（低频）；
5.变成动词（低频）。
知识点拨1：
名词变形容词构词规律
链接高考
1.The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population) and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.（2022年新高考Ⅰ卷）
[解析] populations。考查名词复数。因为前面有separate（分开的）修饰，且population为可数名词，故填复数形式populations。
2. 69 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.（2021年全国乙卷）
[解析] Activities。考查名词复数。空格处所填单词在句中作主语，再结合谓语动词range可知，应填入所给词的复数形式，该词位于句首，第一个字母要大写，故填Activities。
3. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 49 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.（2021年全国甲卷）
[解析]watchtowers。考查名词复数。所填单词受different修饰，和gates并列，所以要用复数名词，故填watchtowers。
4. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 (human) are.（2021年新高考I卷）
[解析]humans。考查名词复数。此处所填单词作we的同位语，再由后面的系动词are可知，此处应填名词的复数形式，故填humans。
5. Later, they learned to work with the 62 (season) planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.（2020年6月浙江卷）
[解析]seasons。考查名词复数。句意为：后来，他们学会了随季节在适当的时间种植，并且在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水灌溉他们的田地。根据常识可知一年有四季,故填复数形式seasons。
7. Provide 68 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.（2021年全国乙卷）
[解析]financial。考查形容词。空格处所填单词作定语，修饰名词aid，因此应填入提示词的形容词形式，故填financial。
8. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 50 (day) routines.（2021年全国甲卷）
[解析]daily。考查形容词。此处所填单词作定语，修饰名词routines,需用形容词，故填daily。
9. The 69 (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.（2020年全国Ⅱ卷）
[解析]beautiful。考查形容词。空格处所填单词作定语，修饰名词branches，需用形容词，故填beautiful。
10. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36 (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.（2020年新高考Ⅰ卷）
[解析]wealthy。考查形容词。空格处所填单词作定语，修饰名词people，需用形容词形式，故填wealthy。
11. It is calculated by dividing a 38 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.（2021年1月浙江卷）
[解析]person’s。考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重（千克）除以身高（米）的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，要用person的名词所有格，故填person’s。
12. My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a 66 (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.（2018年全国Ⅲ卷）
[解析]scientist。考查表示职业的名词。根据句子的主语I和空格处后的定语从句可知，空格处所填单词指人，故填scientist。
13. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.（2018年全国Ⅰ卷））
[解析]strengthen。考查动词。空格处所填单词构成动词不定式短语，作目的状语，故填动词strengthen。
“单词变形记”之二：提示词是代词
提示词是代词时，一般是给出人称代词主格形式。按照考频排序，常见的代词变形有以下形式：
1.变成反身代词（高频）；
2.变成形容词性的物主代词（低频）；
3.变成名词性的物主代词（低频）。
【链接高考】
1. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 61 (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.（2021年6月浙江卷）
[解析] herself。考查反身代词。句意为：Mary非常漂亮，那座房子就是她自己的一个写照……。此处应用she的反身代词形式herself作介词of的宾语，故填herself。
2. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42 (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.（2020年新高考Ⅰ卷）
[解析] themselves。考查反身代词。空格处所填单词和主语visitors指的是相同的人，作imagine的宾语，故填反身代词themselves。
3. The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled（揭幕）at the ceremony, opening 70 (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.（2022年全国乙卷）
[解析] its。考查形容词性物主代词。its作定语，修饰后面的名词：its first exhibition 意为“它的首次展览”，故填its。
4. As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 64 (Ⅰ).（2021年新高考I卷）
[解析] mine。考查名词性的物主代词。结合前面的句子可知，空格处所填单词代指my memory，故填名词性物主代词mine作in的宾语。
“单词变形记”之三：提示词是动词
提示词是动词时，按照考频排序，常见的动词变形有以下形式：
1.变成名词（高频）；
2.变成形容词（低频）。
知识点拨2：
动词变名词构词规律
知识点拨3：
动词变形容词构词规律
【链接高考】
1. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 65 (protect). （2022年全国甲卷）
[解析] protection。考查名词。前面是动词promote，空格处所填单词是它的宾语。而且environmental是形容词，作定语修饰名词，故填名词protection。
2. When the answer was no, she, declined the 64 (invite).（2022年1月浙江卷）
[解析] invitation。考查名词。根据句意可知她拒绝了这个邀请，需要填入名词。故答案为invitation。
3. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62 (develop) of the local areas.（2021年全国乙卷）
[解析] development。考查名词。空格处所填单词作动词benefits的宾语，再由空前的定冠词the可知，此处需用提示词的名词形式，故填development。
4. In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 58 (marry) ceremony in 1842.（2021年6月浙江卷）
[解析] marriage。考查名词。所填单词与ceremony构成名词短语，作动词performed的宾语，受形容词性的物主代词their修饰。marriage ceremony为固定搭配，意为“婚礼”，名词marriage作ceremony的定语，故填marriage。
5. Chinese New year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.（2020年全国Ⅱ卷）
[解析] celebration。考查名词。空格处前面有不定冠词a，后面有现在分词短语作后置定语，需用名词形式，故填celebration。
6. John Olson, a former 58 (photograph), and his team render paintings into fully textured 3-D models, like this version of Vincent van Gogh’s “Portrait of Dr. Gachet.”（2022年6月浙江卷）
[解析] photographer。考查表示职业的名词。John Olson之前是一名摄影师，故填photographer。
7. Blind people perceive shapes with their 60 (exist) senses, a process that broadly mimics that of sighted people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard neuroscientist.（2022年6月浙江卷）
[解析] existing。考查形容词。所填单词修饰后面的名词senses, 需用形容词。existing adj. 现存的，目前的，故填existing。
8. Blind people perceive shapes with their existing senses, a process that broadly mimics that of 61 (sight) people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard neuroscientist.（2022年6月浙江卷）
[解析] sighted。考查形容词。所填单词修饰后面的名词people, 需用形容词。sighted adj.有视力的；不盲的，sighted people视力正常的人，故填sighted。
9. But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60 (astonish).（2021年新高考I卷）
[解析] astonished。考查形容词。空格处所填单词作宾语补足语，表示us所处的状态，故填形容词astonished。
10. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week, may be 62 (afford) but doing this most days adds up.（2018年浙江卷）
[解析] affordable。考查形容词。空格处所填单词在句中作表语，意为“负担得起的”，故填形容词affordable。
“单词变形记”之四：提示词是形容词
提示词是形容词时，常见的单词变形有以下形式：
1.变成副词（高频）；
2.变成名词（高频）；
3.变成比较级（高频）；
4.变成最高级（中频）。
知识点拨4：
形容词变副词构词规律
知识点拨5：
形容词变名词构词规律
【链接高考】
1. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.（2022年新高考Ⅰ卷）
[解析] eventually。考查副词。修饰动词achieve需用副词，故填eventually。
2. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci. for example, 60 (rough) 200 academics — many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.（2022年1月浙江卷）
[解析] roughly。考查副词。根据句意可知，大约200 个学者，此处需要填副词，修饰数词，故答案为roughly。
3. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 43 (sharp).（2021年1月浙江卷）
[解析] sharply。考查副词。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，此处所填单词修饰动词narrow，要用sharp的副词形式，故填sharply。
4. It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed!（2021年新高考I卷）
[解析] undoubtedly。考查副词。所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词，因此要用副词形式，故填undoubtedly。
5. 67 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.（2020年全国Ⅱ卷）
[解析] Certainly。考查副词。空格处所填单词位于句首，修饰整个句子，需用副词形式，且首字母大写，故填Certainly。
6. As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a 65 (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.（2022年全国乙卷）
[解析] responsibility。考查名词。所填单词作动词has的宾语，且前面有不定冠词a，故填入名词responsibility。
7. For Luc, this means 64 (independent). “The feeling of being able to see it and to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”（2022年6月浙江卷）
[解析] independence。此处所填单词作动词means的宾语，故填名词independence。
8. The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.（2020年全国Ⅰ卷）
[解析] interest。考查名词。空格处所填单词作介词of的宾语，同时受形容词particular修饰，需用名词形式，故填interest。
9. Filled with 64 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.（2020年全国Ⅲ卷）
[解析] curiosity。考查名词。空格处所填单词作介词with的宾语，故填名词curiosity。
10. Historical 44 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.（2020年新高考Ⅰ卷）
[解析] accuracy。考查名词。空格处所填单词受形容词historical修饰，且在句中作主语，需用名词形式，故填accuracy。
11. After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 45 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!（2021年全国甲卷）
[解析] better。考查形容词比较级。根据后面的比较连词than可知，空格处需用比较级，故填better。
12. The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59 (hot) the spring!（2021年新高考I卷）
[解析] hotter。考查形容词比较级。此处为“the 比较级，the 比较级”句型，表示“越……，越……”，故填hotter。
13. When the house was built, it was much 59 (small) than it is today.（2021年6月浙江卷）
[解析] smaller。考查形容词比较级。根据后面的比较连词than和前面的副词much可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填smaller。
14. This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including 45 (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.（2021年1月浙江卷）
[解析] lower。考查形容词比较级。句意为：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。
15. In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 counties in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 68 (high) mountain.（2022年全国甲卷）
[解析] highest。考查形容词最高级。根据句意，他到达 the top of Kilimanjaro“乞力马扎罗山顶”，后面是同位语——“这是非洲的最高山脉”，故填highest。
16. As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 64 (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.（2022年全国乙卷）
[解析] largest。考查形容词最高级。the largest tea-producing country“最大产茶国”，比较范围是全世界，the的后面是形容词的最高级，故填largest。
以上所列语法填空中单词变形涉及到四大类，共14种变形。还有一些变形还没考过（如人称代词主格变成宾格；基数词变成序数词等），但并不意味着一定不考。
只要考生掌握住不同词性的单词在句子中的用法，牢记构词法知识和单词变形的规则，善于结合句意分析句子成分，就能够破解单词变形的相关考点，从而完胜语法填空。
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