冰岛2007年版1克朗硬币（收于2020年）冰岛共和国简称冰岛，有"冰火之国"之称；位于北大西洋和北冰洋的交汇处，北欧五国之一，北大西洋中一个非欧盟的岛国；拥有欧洲最大的瓦特纳冰川和史学家所称的"通向地心之门"的斯奈费儿冰川。国土面积为10.3万平方公里；1/8被冰川覆盖；也是世界温泉最多的国家，全岛约有250个碱性温泉，最大的温泉每秒可产生200升的泉水；人口：35.01万（2019年），是欧洲人口密度最小的国家。首都雷克雅未克是全世界纬度最高的首都；"雷克雅未克"冰岛语意为"冒烟的城市"，后经大力发展地热资源，城市天空蔚蓝，市容整洁几乎没有污染，故又有"无烟城市"之称。总统：古德尼·约翰内松。
公元8世纪末，爱尔兰人和挪威人先后移居冰岛。公元930年建立了世界上最早的议会并成立了冰岛自由邦。1262年隶属挪威。1380年起属丹麦。1918年，冰丹签订联邦法，规定冰为主权国家，但外交事务仍由丹麦控制。1940年丹麦被德国占领，冰丹关系中断，同年英军进驻冰岛，次年美军取代英军驻冰。1944年6月16日冰议会正式宣布解散冰丹联盟，17日成立冰岛共和国。
外交方面:冰岛把同欧洲和美国的关系视为其外交和安全政策基石。根据宪法，冰岛不设军队，由他国达成防务合作协议。1946年加入联合国。1949年加入北大西洋公约组织。1951年同美国签订防务协定（2006年9月美国驻冰岛军队完全撤出冰岛）。1970年加入欧洲自由贸易联盟；1994年参加欧洲经济区；1995年成为世界贸易组织创始成员国；2001年成为申根签证国；2007年4月，冰岛再与挪威和丹麦达成防务合作协议。1971年12月8日，冰岛与中国建立大使级外交关系，1996年，两国政府签署的中冰避免双重征税协定是冰岛与欧洲及北美以外的第一个国家签署避免双重征税协定。
冰岛是一个高度发达的资本主义国家；国民拥有国家提供的健康保险等北欧福利系统。教育发达，全民文化程度较高，早在100多年前冰岛就消灭了文盲，实行10年免费义务教育。渔业是经济支柱，外贸依存度大。2013年4月15日签署了《中华人民共和国政府和冰岛政府自由贸易协定》；冰岛自协定生效之日起，对从中国进口的所有工业品和水产品实施零关税；与此同时，中国对从冰岛进口的7830个税号产品实施零关税。2014年冰岛位于联合国人类发展指数的第13位。2019年2月，2018年全球幸福指数出炉，冰岛排名第四。冰岛生物制药业飞速发展，已位于世界第四，成为冰岛主要经济支柱之一。
冰岛克朗为冰岛官方货币，由冰岛国家中央银行负责发行和管理；此1克朗硬币正面主图是国名（LSLAND）、发行年份和一位冰岛传说中的守护神。背面主图是面额及大西洋鳕。鳕鱼图案是冰岛对领海主权的维护、战争胜利的纪念（1971年和1975年，冰岛两度宣布将领海界限扩张50海里与200海里，并在后来的两次"鳕鱼战争"中赶走了英国舰队，在此之后，200海里的海洋专属区概念被世界上越来越多的国家认可并接受，可以说，这是北海渔场水产资源，给世界政治地理格局带来的一大改变）。 The Republic of Iceland is located at the junction of the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean, one of the five Nordic countries, a non-eu Island in the North Atlantic; With Europe's largest watner glacier and what historians call the "gateway to the center of the Earth, " The snafir glacier. It covers an area of 103,000 square kilometres; one-eighth is covered by glaciers; and it has the most hot springs in the world, with about 250 alkaline springs on the island, the largest producing 200 litres of spring water per second. POPULATION: 350,100(2019) Is the least densely populated country in Europe. Reykjavik, the capital, is the highest latitude capital in the world; "Reykjavik" means "smoking city" in Icelandic, and with the development of geothermal resources, the sky is blue and the city's appearance is clean with almost no pollution, therefore also has "the smokeless city" the name. President:Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson.
At the end of the 8th century, the Irish and the Norwegians moved to Iceland. The world's first parliament was established in 930 and the Icelandic Commonwealth was founded. The 1262 is part of Norway. The 1380 belongs to Denmark. In 1918, Iceland and Denmark signed a federal law that made Iceland a sovereign state, but foreign affairs are still controlled by Denmark.In 1940, Denmark was occupied by Germany, relations between Iceland and Denmark were broken. In the same year, British troops entered Iceland, and American troops replaced British troops in Iceland the following year. On June 16,1944, the Icelandic parliament officially announced the dissolution of the alliance between Iceland and Denmark, and on June 17,1944, the Republic of Iceland was established.
Diplomacy: Iceland views its relations with Europe and the United States as a cornerstone of its foreign and security policy. According to the Constitution, Iceland does not have an army, and other countries enter into defense cooperation agreements. Joined the UN in 1946. Joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation in 1949. 1951 defence agreement with the United States (complete withdrawal of United States troops from Iceland in September 2006). In 1970 it joined the European Free Trade Association; in 1994 it joined the European Economic Area; in 1995 it became a founding member of the World Trade Organisation; in 2001 it became a Schengen Visa; and in April 2007 Iceland entered into defence co operation agreements with Norway and Denmark. On December 8,1971, Iceland established diplomatic relations with China at the ambassadorial level. In 1996, Iceland signed the china-iceland agreement for the avoidance of double taxation with the first country outside Europe and North America.
Iceland is a highly developed capitalist country; its citizens have Nordic welfare systems such as the state-provided health insurance. With an advanced education and a high level of education, Iceland eliminated illiteracy more than 100 years ago and introduced 10 years of free compulsory education. The fishery is the economic pillar, the foreign trade dependence degree is big. On April 15,2013, Iceland signed the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Icelandic government free trade agreement; since the date of entry into force of the agreement, Iceland has imposed zero tariffs on all industrial and aquatic products imported from China; at the same time, china has imposed zero tariffs on 7,830 tariff lines imported from Iceland. Iceland ranked 13th in the UN Human Development Index in 2014. In February 2019, Iceland was ranked the fourth happiest country in the world in 2018. Iceland's biopharmaceutical industry has grown rapidly and is now the fourth largest in the world, becoming one of Iceland's main economic pillars.
The ICELANDIC KRONA is the official currency of Iceland and is issued and managed by the National Central Bank of Iceland. On the Front of the 1 Krona coin is the country's name (Lsland) , the year of issue and a legendary patron saint of Iceland. The main picture on the back is denomination and Atlantic cod. The codfish is a symbol of Iceland's defence of its territorial waters and its victory in the war. (in 1971 and 1975, Iceland twice declared a 50-and 200-nautical-mile extension of its territorial limits, and later drove out the British fleet in two "codfish wars, " after which the 200-nautical-mile marine exclusive zone concept was increasingly recognised and accepted by a growing number of countries around the world, arguably a major change in the political geography of the world as a result of North Sea fisheries resources).
