专题七 非谓语动词句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)考点一 非谓语动词作状语，今天小编就来聊一聊关于高中英语非谓语动词语法知识框图?接下来我们就一起去研究一下吧!
高中英语非谓语动词语法知识框图
专题七 非谓语动词
句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。考点一 非谓语动词作状语
一、动词不定式作状语
1. 动词不定式可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。
To be a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best.
要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。
2. only to do sth. 为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。
Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left.
简匆忙赶回来却发现她的母亲已经离开了。
3. 形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有happy，lucky，glad，sorry，anxious，proud，disappointed，angry，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased，fortunate，right等。
I'm very glad to meet you here.
很高兴在这里遇见你。
4. 在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，safe，dangerous等。
This book is difficult to understand.
这本书很难理解。
[活学巧练] 单句语法填空
①[2021·河南郑州一中六次测试]But by 1955，the paintings were beginning to become difficult ________(see).
②[2016·北京卷]Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________(save) their valuable time.
③[2016·北京卷]___________(make) it easier to get in touch with us，you'd better keep this card at hand.
④We hurried to the station，only ____________(tell) that the train had left.
⑤You will never know how happy I was ________(see) her yesterday.
答案：①to see ②to save ③To make ④to be told
⑤to see
二、分词作状语
1. 作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
2. 如果句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。
Hearing the news，they got excited.
听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。
3. 如果现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。
Having done his homework，he played basketball.
做完作业，他打篮球了。
4. 如果与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。
Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake.
虽然被告诉过好多次了，但他仍然重复犯同样的错误。
5. 如果句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。
Seriously injured，she had to be sent to hospital at once.
由于受伤严重，需要将她立刻送往医院。
[活学巧练] 单句语法填空
①[2021·河北衡水中学五次调考]She first came across this phenomenon while _____________(research) North American children living in India.
②[2021·山东烟台模拟]They put the food out in their backyards and spend time in the nice weather，_____________(watch) birds.
③[2021·江西宜春中学一次诊断]___ __________(compare) with the western medicine's high fees，TCM has a reasonable price that ordinary people can afford.
④[2021·福建泉州质检]My friends here usually take my likes and dislikes into consideration when _____________(order), and I do the same for them.
⑤[2021·河北沧州质检]A total of 400,000 tons of steel were used in the project, equal to 60 times the steel used ____________(build) the Eiffel Tower.
答案：①researching ②watching ③Compared ④ordering
⑤to build
三、独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：
generally speaking 一般来说
frankly speaking 坦白地说
judging from/by 根据……来判断
considering... /taking... into consideration考虑到……
to tell you the truth 说实话
seeing 鉴于/由于……
supposing 假设，如果
assuming 假使
given 考虑到，鉴于
provided (that... ) 如果
[活学巧练] 单句语法填空
①__________(judge) from his accent，he is from Hong Kong.
②Generally __________(speak)，the family，not the school，plays the primary role in educating children for life.
③____________(consider) your health，you'd better have a rest.
答案：①Judging ②speaking ③Considering
考点二 非谓语动词作宾语
1. 下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
决心学会想希望；拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划；同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage，care，pretend。
offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help。
此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
We agreed to meet at the school gate.
我们一致同意在校门口见面。
She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
当我经过时，她假装没看见我。
2. 下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅；承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练；否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险；不禁介意准逃亡。
consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon; admit，delay/put off，fancy(想象，设想)。
avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice/practise; deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate。
forbid，imagine，risk；can't help(禁不住)，mind，allow/permit，escape。
3. be used/accustomed to，lead to，devote to，go back to，stick to，object to，get down to，pay attention to，can't stand(无法忍受)，give up，feel like，insist on，thank... for，apologize for，be busy (in)，have difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)，spend time (in)等短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语。
I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.
我对你今天下午回电话表示感谢。
The squirrels were lucky that they just missed being caught.
松鼠们很幸运没有被抓住。
4. 下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：
forget
regret
try
go on
remember
mean
[活学巧练] 单句语法填空
①[2021·河南郑州一次质检]In my mind，they're helping us to become calm and consider ___________(win) and solving real problems as well.
②[2021·湖北黄冈调研]Sometimes，by caring only about the cups，we fail ______________(enjoy) the coffee.
③What a poor memory！I forgot ______________(borrow) money from him yesterday. But today I forgot ______________(return) the money to him.
答案：①winning ②to enjoy ③borrowing；to return
考点三 非谓语动词作宾补
1. 感官动词(词组)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：
2. 使役动词make，let，have，get后加复合宾语的情况：
(1)make＋宾语＋
(2)let＋宾语＋
[名师点津] have还可用于have sth. to do/to be done结构，该结构中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。
[活学巧练] 单句语法填空
①[2021·湖南株洲质量检测]Apart from the massive size，it also has unmatched accuracy and sensitivity，allowing scientists ________(find) previously hidden stars.
②[2021·福建永春一中等四校联考]During the Qin dynasty，to keep the enemy out of his empire，Emperor Qin Shihuang had all the walls ________(join) up.
③[2021·湖南长郡中学五次月考]The robot is powered by a battery on its back，which can keep it ________(operate) for an hour.
答案：①to find ②joined ③operating
考点四 非谓语动词作定语
1. 现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。
The houses being built are for the teachers.
正在建的房子是给老师的。
2. 过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动和完成。
The broken glass is Tom's.
这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。
3. 不定式作定语表示未做的事情。
He was the right person to do the job.
他是做这份工作的合适人选。
[名师点津] 表示心理状态的动词ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。
I have never seen a more moving film.
我没看过比这个更令人感动的电影。
[活学巧练] 单句语法填空
①[2021·河北五个一联盟二次联考]This site reports science news ___________ (cover) a wide range of subjects.
②[2021·广东五校协作体一次联考]The museum，___________(locate) next to the Wuzhen scenic spot，covers an area of 5,000 square meters.
③[2021·河南郑州一次质检]However，our discussions are more than just a way ______________(practice) our debating skills.
④[2021·河南中原名校五次联考]In 2011，a film，Soul Surfer，________(base) on her experiences，was released and made a hit immediately.
答案：①covering ②located ③to practice ④based
考点五 非谓语动词作主语和表语
1. 不定式、动名词都可作主语，但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。
2. 下列句型中常用动名词作主语：
It is/was＋＋doing sth.
3. 动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征；不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。
It is right to give up smoking.
戒烟是正确的。
Reading aloud is very helpful.
大声朗读是很有好处的。
It's no use quarreling with her.
与她吵架是没用的。
My job is teaching you English.
我的工作是教你们英语。
My dream is to enter Beijing University.
我的梦想是考入北京大学。
[活学巧练] 单句语法填空
①[2021·湖北宜昌葛洲坝中学月考]The cart got ________(stick) in the mud，but the farmer made no effort to get it out.
②[2021·山西长治二中等五校联考]His new idea was _______________(make) the shell shapes on the roof into the shape of a ball.
③[2021·河南郑州外国语学校二次调研]They may feel ________(leave) out.
④[2021·河北名校联盟质检]For many young people，________(go) to university is one of the most important stages of their lives.
⑤His ambition is ________(go) to Harvard University.
答案：①stuck ②to make/making ③left ④going ⑤to go
考点六 with复合结构
with复合结构常用形式
with
I stood before her with my heart beating fast.
我站在她面前，心脏跳得很快。
John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一份宴请函，因为他的工作干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.
因为有很多难题要解决，所以这位新任总统的日子不好过。
[活学巧练] 单句语法填空
①With so many people ___________(look) at him，he felt very nervous.
②With the problem ___________(solve)，the quality has been improved.
③With so much work ________(do)，I can't go swimming with you.
答案：①looking ②solved ③to do
考点七 独立主格结构
独立主格结构的构成形式
名词或代词＋
[名师点津] 独立主格结构从语法上来讲不是句子，在句中通常作状语。具有以下特点：
(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，不指同一个人或同一事物；
So many people to help him，he is sure to succeed.
有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。
(2)独立主格结构一般置于句首，有时也置于句中或句末。
The girl staring at him，he didn't know what to say.
姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
Jim was listening attentively to the lecture，all his attention fixed upon it.
吉姆在专心致志地听着讲座，他所有的注意力都集中在讲座上面了。
[活学巧练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①So many children ________(support)，they both have to work full time.
②He came out of the library，________________________.
他腋下夹着一本大书，走出了图书馆。
答案：①to support ②a large book under his arm
非谓语动词是历年高考语法填空的必考点。如果句中已有谓语动词，并确定所给动词要填写为非谓语动词，就要考虑是v. ing形式、过去分词形式还是动词不定式。
[典题试做]
单句语法填空
1. [2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e4 __________(find) and study areas of the South PoleAitken basin.
2. [2020·全国卷Ⅰ]My mom told me how _____________(prepare) it.
3. [2020·全国卷Ⅱ]They represent the earth ________(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
4. [2020·全国卷Ⅱ]They make great gifts and you see them many times __________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
5. [2020·全国卷Ⅱ]They are easy __________(care) for and make great presents.
6. [2020·全国卷Ⅲ]The next morning he hired a boat and set out __________(find) the wellknown painter.
答案：1. to find 2. to prepare 3. coming 4. decorated
5. to care 6. to find
[高效演练]
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. We didn't speak to each other after that，and I didn't get close to anyone for fear of _____________(hurt) again.
2. As we pulled away，I felt that I needed ___________(help) her.
3. Very often, opportunities come quietly and go by without______________(notice).
4. You can spend a lot of time ________(take) pictures in front of the great hotels.
5. With a ________(puzzle) look on my face，I pointed to myself and said，“Me？”
6. Think about the human body as an ___________(amaze) machine.
7. But conservationists say that ___________(make) ivory legal to sell would lead to even more illegal hunting.
8. I felt hopeless and alone，and more _________(depress) than I knew was possible.
答案：1. being hurt 2. to help 3. being noticed 4. taking
5. puzzled 6. amazing 7. making 8. depressed
Ⅱ. 语法填空(非谓语动词专练)
There is a wonderful story about a young girl who had no family and no one 1. ________(love) her.
One day,2. ________(feel) very sad and lonely，she was walking through grassland when she noticed a small butterfly 3. ________(catch) in a thorn bush. The young girl carefully released the butterfly. Instead of 4. ________(fly) away，the little butterfly changed into a beautiful fairy.
“In return for your wonderful kindness，” the good fairy said to the girl，“I will give you any wish that you would like 5. ________(get). ”The little girl thought for a moment and then replied，“I want to be happy. ”
6. ________(lean) toward her，the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared.
With the little girl 7. ________(grow) up，there was no one in the land happier than she was. Everyone wanted to make themselves 8. ________(tell) the secret of happiness by her. She would only smile and answer，“The secret of my happiness is that I listened to a good fairy when I was a little girl. ”
When she was dying，the neighbors all gathered around her,9. ________(fear) that her unbelievable secret of happiness would die with her. So they begged her 10. ________(tell) them what the good fairy said. The lovely old woman simply smiled and said，“She told me that everyone，no matter how old or young，how rich or poor，had need of me. ”
答案：1. to love 2. feeling 3. caught 4. flying 5. to get
6. Leaning 7. growing 8. told 9. fearing 10. to tell
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