Well, hey there, I'm Emma from mmmEnglish and this is a lesson I'm excited about because we're going to be working on your listening skills, especially to help you understand fast-talking native English speakers. The secret is reductions.，今天小编就来聊一聊关于如何快速提高口语发音?接下来我们就一起去研究一下吧!
如何快速提高口语发音
Well, hey there, I'm Emma from mmmEnglish and this is a lesson I'm excited about because we're going to be working on your listening skills, especially to help you understand fast-talking native English speakers. The secret is reductions.
大家好，我是 Emma，欢迎来到美味英语频道，我对这节课程非常兴奋，因为我们要提高你的听力技能，尤其是要帮助你理解以英语为母语的人里面语速很快的那些人。秘诀就是缩读。
I know that for so many of my students, it is hard to understand native English speakers in real life, when you're watching movies or you're watching TV because some of us speak so quickly. We connect words, we delete, we change sounds.
我知道对于我的很多学生来说，在现实生活中看电影或看电视的时候，很难理解以英语为母语的人，因为我们中的一些人说得很快。我们会连读，我们会把一些音删掉，我们也会变音。
There is a huge difference between the word that you expect to hear, the word that you learned and then the word that actually comes out of our mouths, right? So to help you understand native English speakers, I'm going to help you to practise and to recognise the most common reductions, the ones that you hear native speakers use every day, I'm going to help you to practise hearing them but also practise using them if you want to.
你期望听到的单词、你学到的单词和实际从我们嘴里说出的单词之间存在巨大差异，对吧？因此，为了帮助你理解母语为英语的人，我将帮助你练习并识别最常见的缩读，也就是你每天听到母语为英语的人使用的缩读，我将帮助你练习听出来它们，但如果你愿意的话，也可以练习使用它们。
You'll also find a PDF download with all of the expressions that we'll practise in today's lesson including the pronunciation notes and some example sentences that you can practise with at home. There's also the answers to the quiz which is going to be at the end of this video so make sure you stick with me until the end, grab the workbook, the link is down in the description below.
你还可以找到 PDF 下载文件，其中包含我们将在今天课程中练习的所有表达方式，包括发音说明和一些你可以在家练习的例句。还有测验的答案，测试会在本视频的结尾出现，所以一定要坚持到最后，下载工作簿，链接在下面的描述区中。
What makes listening to native English speakers so hard? I think there are a few different answers to this question but one in particular that I want to highlight for you is that you learn English at school like this:
为什么听母语为英语的人说话如此困难呢？我认为这个问题有几种不同的答案，但我想特别强调的一个是你在学校学习英语是这样的：
What are you doing this afternoon? And then you go out into the real world and you hear this:
你今天下午在做什么？然后当你走进现实世界，你会听到：
What are you doin' this arvo? The sounds that you associate with these words here need to adjust, don't they?
你今天下午在做什么？你认为的与这些词的发音需要调整，对吧？
You need to teach your brain to recognise the sounds and to associate them with the words that you already know so that your brain's not hearing something strange but then sifting through your head going: What's sarvo?
你需要教会你的大脑识别这些声音，并将它们与你已经知道的单词联系起来，这样你的大脑就不会听到奇怪的东西，而是在脑海中筛选：什么是 sarvo？
We just need to train your brain to hear 'sarvo' and associate it with this afternoon. To be fair, 'sarvo' is a very Australian expression.
我们只需要训练你的大脑听到“sarvo”并将其与“今天下午”联系起来。老实说，“sarvo”是一个非常澳大利亚的表达方式。
The expressions that you hear and you learn in this lesson today are really common across different types of English. They're used in lots of different places where English is spoken and the lesson is going to help you to understand TV shows a little better, it's going to help you to understand fast-talking native English speakers and if you are ready to take on some of these expressions yourself, it's going to help you to sound a little more natural as you speak in English as well.
你今天在本课中听到和学到的表达方式在不同类型的英语中非常常见。它们用于讲英语的不同地方，本节课程将帮助你更好地理解电视节目，更好地理解以英语为母语的语速很快的人，如果你准备好学会使用这些表达的话，这也会帮助你在用英语说话时听起来更自然一些。
So let's get started with some really common greetings that often get reduced. How's it going?
因此，让我们从一些经常被缩读的非常常见的问候语开始吧。一切可好？
Try it. How's it going?
试一下。一切可好？
This is like how is life going? How are things going?
意思就是生活如何？事情进行得如何？
I hope, you know, you're well — it's a really common greeting that we use all the time. How are you going?
我希望你很好——这是我们一直会使用的一种非常常见的问候语。一切可好？
That R is completely dropped, right? Well you might hear a little schwa.
R 音完全被抛弃了，对吧？你可能会听到一个小中元音。
How are you going? And notice as well that that -ng sound at the end drops just to a /n/.
一切可好？注意最后的-ng 音成了一个/n/音。
How are you going? How are you?
一切可好？你好吗？
Super short, right? How are you?
很短，对吧？你好吗？
Let's listen one more time just to get used to those sounds of these really common greetings. How's it going?
让我们再听一次，适应一下这些非常常见的问候语。一切可好？
How are you going? How are you?
你好吗？你好吗？
You is one of the most common English words. We use it all of the time in lots of different expressions and it's often unstressed so it often sounds quite different.
“你”是最常见的英语单词之一。我们会在许多不同的表达方式中使用它，而且它通常是不重读的，因此听起来常常大不相同。
What do you. . . What do you can sound like /wɒdəjə/. What do you want for dinner?
What do you 听起来就像是/wɒdəjə/。晚饭想吃什么？
But we also say whatcha? Whatcha want for dinner?
但我们也说 whatcha？晚饭想吃什么？
You'll hear both of these forms being used by native speakers. If you want to try it out for yourself then just choose the one that feels most comfortable for you, the sounds that are most comfortable for you, try it.
你会听到母语人士使用这两种形式。如果你想亲自尝试一下的话，那么只需选择最适合你的发音，尝试一下吧。
What do you want for dinner? Whatcha want for dinner?
晚饭想吃什么？晚饭想吃什么？
But here's the thing, 'what do you' and 'whatcha' can also mean what are you? What are you?
但问题是，“what do you”和“whatcha”也可以表示“what are you”的意思？你怎么了？
What are you doing tomorrow? What are you doing tomorrow?
明天你要做什么？明天你要做什么？
The secret to knowing exactly what expression is being used is to listen to the verb that follows. If it's the base form, then it's in the present tense and the auxiliary verb is do.
准确知道所使用的表达方式的秘诀是听后面的动词。如果它是基本形式，那么就是现在时，助动词是 do。
If it's in the -ing form, it's the continuous tense and our auxiliary verb is be. What are you doing tomorrow?
如果是 -ing 形式，则是进行时，助动词是 be。明天你要做什么？
Let's talk about where do you. So we've got do and you, both of the vowel sounds reduce to the schwa and they connect, don't they?
让我们来说说 where do you 吧。里面有 do 和 you，两个元音都变成了中元音，并且是连读的，对吧？
Where do you want to go? We can also use that /dʒ/ sound like we were practising earlier.
你想去哪里？我们也可以像之前练习一样使用 /dʒ/ 这个发音。
Instead of 'where do you', where do you want to go? And if we just look at do you, it can sound like do ya.
不要说“你要……”，要说你想去哪里？如果我们只看 do you 的话，听起来就像 do ya 一样。
Do you like it? But it can also sound like: Do you like it?
你喜欢吗？但是听起来像是：你喜欢吗？
Try it. Do you want to?
试一下吧。你想要？
Do you wanna? This one is even more connected than the previous one, isn't it?
你想要？这个比上一个连读更紧密，对吧？
Can you hear how 'do you want to' when it's said really quickly, it sounds like Do you wanna? Do you wanna go get lunch?
当“你想要”说得很快时，你能听到“do you want to”，听起来像“do you wanna”吗？你要去吃午饭吗？
Do you want to go get lunch? Could you becomes Could you.
你要去吃午饭吗？Could you 的发音也变了。
Could you pass the salt? Would you?
你能把盐递过来吗？你想？
Would you like to watch a movie tonight? What about when that becomes a negative modal, wouldn't you?
你今晚想看电影吗？当变成一个否定模态时呢，就成了 wouldn't you？
Wouldn't you? Wouldn't you agree?
你不想？你不同意吗？
When we're talking about reductions it's really common for vowel sounds to reduce to the schwa sound so they become unstressed, softer, lower in pitch and so with the verb have, we have the vowel sound /æ/ that we learned, right? But it's reduced down to the schwa.
当我们说缩读时，元音通常会缩读成中元音，所以它们会变得无重音、更柔和、音调更低，比如说动词 have，里面就有我们刚才学到的元音/æ/，对吧？但它缩读成了一个中元音。
So when you look at should have, we reduce that down it becomes should have or it's also common that that V gets dropped as well in spoken English so instead of hearing should have, you just hear the schwa sound as have, should have. I should have thought about that.
所以当我们看一下 should have 的时候，我们将其缩读为 should have，V 在英语口语中也被删掉也是很常见的，所以我们不会听到 should have，而是会听到一个中元音。我应该考虑到这点的。
It's the same role for would have, you might hear would have or woulda. I would have been here sooner but the traffic was crazy.
这个和 would have 是一样的，你可能会听到 would have 或 woulda。我本来可以早点到这里的，但交通很拥挤。
Try it. Could have becomes could've or could've.
试一下吧。Could have 变成了 could've 或者是 could've.
I could have been here sooner but I got held up and again with might have. Now I want to draw your attention to what's actually happening here.
我本来可以早点来这里的，但我又一次被堵住了。我想提请你注意这里实际发生的情况。
The reduced word is the same, have, but the reduction and the way that it sounds often changes depending on the letter that comes after it. So using might have, as an example, you might hear might have.
缩读的词是相同的，就是 have，但缩读和它的发音方式通常会根据它后面的字母而变化。比如说 might have，你可能会听到 might have。
He might have done it already. So in this sentence, the word after might have starts with a consonant sound, right?
他可能已经做完了。所以在这句话中，have 后面的单词以辅音开头，对吗？
So it becomes might have, the ending is just a schwa. But you will also hear might have, just like we were practising with the other modals with have.
所以它变成了 might have，结尾处是一个中元音。但是你也会听到 might have，就像我们在练习其他模态词时一样。
Might have. If the word starts with a vowel following then we hear that sound.
可能会。如果单词以元音开头，那么我们会听到那个音。
Might have already been there. Now what is so interesting about these modal verbs with have, could have, should have, would have, might have, so with all of these reductions the word after have impacts the pronunciation.
可能已经去过了。这些情态动词有趣的一点是，have，could have，should have，would have，might have，它们的缩读都会影响后面的发音。
Could have run. Should have seen.
本来可以跑的。本应该见过。
Would have done. Might have been.
可能已经做了。可能已经。
Now I've got one last little hint or tip that I want to give you about this might have or might have, it sounds like might of which is grammatically incorrect. This is a mistake that lots of native English speakers make too.
关于 might have 我还有最后一个小提示，might have 虽然听起来像是 might of，但是在语法上是不正确的。这也是很多以英语为母语的人都会犯的错误。
Might of is not actually a correct phrase or statement in English. It's always might have, it just sounds like might of.
Might of 实际上不是英语中的正确短语或陈述。应该是 might have，它只是听起来像 might of。
I might have done it. I might have been there.
我可能已经做完了。我可能去过那里。
It's not might of but might have. Speaking of of, let's talk about some reductions with of because there are several really common ones that I want to share.
不是 might of，而是 might have。说到 of，让我们来谈谈一些 of 的缩读吧，因为我想分享几个非常常见的。
When of gets reduced, it reduces down to the schwa. We hear /ɒv/ or /ə/. So listen out for them.
当 of 缩读时，它会缩成一个中元音。我们听到的是/ɒv/ 或 /ə/。好好听一下。
We have kind of becomes kinda. He's kind of bossy, isn't he?
Kind of 变成了 kinda。他有点专横，对吧？
Sort of becomes sorta. You hear that flap T, sounds more like a D in my accent.
Sorts of 变成了 sorta。你听到了弹舌音 T，听起来更像是我口音中的 D。
There has to be some sort of problem. Some of.
一定有什么问题。一些。
Pass me some of that! Most of.
给我点那个！大多数。
We finished most of the food yesterday. Out of becomes outta.
我们昨天吃完了大部分食物。Out of 变成了 outta。
You can hear that flapped T again in my accent, outta. It's late. Let's get out of here.
你可以再次听到我的口音中弹舌音 T，outta。很晚了。 我们离开这里吧。
Lots of. No need to rush. We've got lots of time.
很多。不用急。 我们有很多时间。
A lot of becomes alotta. I won't be able to make it.
A lot of 变成了 alotta。我做不到。
I've got a lot of work to do. Now we're gonna go through some reductions for two really, really common ones.
我有很多工作要做。现在，我们将学习两种非常非常常见的缩读。
Again we're using the schwa sound so going to becomes gonna. I'm not gonna make it tonight, sorry.
同样地我们会使用中元音，所以 going to 就变成了 gonna。我今晚做不完，对不起。
Got to. Gotta.
需要。需要。
Again, that flap T. It's late. We've got to get ready.
同样地，弹舌音 T。很晚了。 我们必须做好准备。
Want to. Wanna.
想要。想要。
Hear that T? It's completely gone. Wanna.
听到弹舌音 T 了吗？完全没了。想要。
I want to leave by eight. Ought to.
我想八点前离开。应该。
A little less common but you'll still hear it. Ought to. You ought to go to bed.
这个不太常见，但你仍然会听到它。 应该。你该睡觉了。
That kind of sounds a lot like order, right? This is why it's tricky.
这听起来很像 order，对吧？这就是为什么它很难的原因。
You hear the verb give and let used with me all the time in English. Give me or let me do something.
在英语中，你总是可以听到动词 give 和 let 和 me 搭配使用。给我或让我做点什么。
Now because these are such common expressions and combinations, we get really lazy with the sounds. Give me. Let me.
因为这些是非常常见的表达和组合，我们对这些发音就变得很随意了。给我。让我。
So we just drop the end part of both of those verbs, you don't hear give me, gimme. I won't be long, just give me a minute.
我们去掉这两个动词的结尾部分，你听到的不是 give me，而是 gimme。不会太久，给我一分钟就行。
Let me. Let me check that for you.
让我。让我为你检查一下。
How about this one? Don't know. I don't know.
这个呢？ 不知道。我不知道。
I don't know what you mean. Again because it's so common you might even see this written dunno.
我不知道你什么意思。同样地，因为它太常见了，你甚至可能看到过书写体的 dunno。
Them can sometimes be reduced right down to 'em. We don't hear /ð/ at all.
Them 有时可以简化为“'em”。我们根本听不见 /ð/。
There isn't enough space for all of them. In the same way that them gets reduced, him and her can often be reduced down as well so you don't hear the sound.
没有足够的空间容纳所有这些东西。就像 them 被缩读一样，him 和 her 通常也可以被缩读，这样你就听不到这个音了。
You might just hear: I'll get him. Or I'll get her.
你可能会听到：我去接他。或者是我去接她。
Because. Do you know this one?
因为。你知道这个吗？
How does it sound when it gets reduced down? Because.
当它被缩读的时候听起来是什么样的呢？因为。
I won't make it tonight because I've got a birthday to go to. Try it.
我今晚去不了，因为我要过生日。试一下吧。
Because. I've got a birthday. This little challenge is gonna be a really great way to practise listening and hearing the new sounds and new ways of pronouncing the expressions that we went through today.
因为我要过生日。这个小挑战是练习听我们今天学习的新发音和新表达方式的非常好的方式。
So get a pen and paper ready, write them down as we go. Let's do it. Are you going to come tonight?
所以准备好笔和纸，边看边写。 让我们开始吧。你今晚要来吗？
Do you want to buy tickets? I need to check.
你要买票吗？我需要确认一下。
My friend might have bought tickets already. What about you?
我的朋友可能已经买了票。那你呢？
I'm going to stay in tonight because I'm really tired. Spend some time with us, it's going to be fun.
我今晚要待在家里，因为我真的很累。和我们玩玩吧，会很有趣的。
Yeah you don't want to be thinking: I should have been there. You're right. I don't know what I want to do anymore.
是的，你不会想：我应该在那里。是的。我不知道我想做什么了。
What do you want to do on Saturday? We've got to go check out that new market.
星期六你想做什么？我们要去看看那个新市场。
I'm not going to come on Saturday. I have a lot of work to do. You guys have fun though!
我星期六来不了。我有很多工作要做。 不过祝你们玩的很开心！
So how did you go? Do you feel pretty confident about all of those expressions that you heard?
你做的怎么样？你对你听到的所有这些表达都感到非常自信吗？
If you want to check the answers, make sure you download the PDF that I made that goes along with this lesson. You can download it using the link right below in the description.
如果你想查看答案的话，请一定要下载和本课程配套制作的 PDF。你可以使用说明下方的链接下载它。
The cool thing is that once you do that I'm going to send you all of the PDF's that I make for all of my lessons here on Youtube so you'll never miss out! I really do hope that you found this lesson useful and if you did, make sure you give it a like, that you bookmark this page or maybe even save the video, whatever you need to do to keep practising and keep reviewing these sounds and if you want to find out more about connected speech and linking words, I've got a whole series about that and you can watch it right here.
很酷的一件事情是，一旦你开始下载，我就会把我在 Youtube 所有课程的所有 PDF 文件都发送给你，这样你就不会错过了！希望你觉得这节课有用，如果你觉得有用的话，请一定要给它点赞哦，可以将此页面添加为书签，甚至保存这个视频，无论如何，继续练习并不断复习这些发音，如果你想了解更多关于连读音和连读词的信息，我有关于这个方面的完整系列视频，可以在这里观看。
I'll see you in the next lesson.
下节课见。
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