青花瓷（blue and white porcelain），又称白地青花瓷，常简称青花，是中国瓷器的主流品种之一，属釉下彩瓷。青花瓷是用含氧化钴的钴矿为原料，在陶瓷坯体上描绘纹饰，再罩上一层透明釉，经高温还原焰一次烧成。钴料烧成后呈蓝色，具有着色力强、发色鲜艳、烧成率高、呈色稳定的特点。原始青花瓷于唐宋已见端倪，成熟的青花瓷则出现在元代景德镇的湖田窑。明代青花成为瓷器的主流。清康熙时发展到了顶峰。明清时期，还创烧了青花五彩、孔雀绿釉青花、豆青釉青花、青花红彩、黄地青花、哥釉青花等衍生品种。
粉彩青花碗
粉彩瓷是珐琅彩之外，清宫廷又一创烧的彩瓷。在烧好的胎釉上施含砷物的粉底，涂上颜料后用笔洗开，由于砷的乳蚀作用颜色产生粉化效果。粉彩瓷在众多的清宫廷粉彩瓷中，慈禧粉彩简单率直，浓笔艳抹，富贵豪华而别具一格。
看一件瓷器不说别的，第一眼看画工这画工非常精致，粉彩晕染到位层次分明，龙藤海啸，表现极为自然，再细看此花觚无任何磕缺，穿线，窑裂等情况，是不可多得收藏精品，粉彩瓷器一次次在嘉德保利刷新纪录，为这件藏品保值增值带来有力的依据，如此精美的瓷器建议收藏传世。
随着航海业的发展，对外贸易进一步加强，中国陶瓷的外销呈现出空前繁荣的局面，特别是在广州、明州（今宁波）、杭州、泉州等地设立“市舶司”管理对外贸易后，大批外销瓷从这些港口启运，沿着唐、五代时期开辟的航道，源源不断地运往亚洲、非洲各国，其中尤以日本、菲律宾、马来西亚发现居多，埃及和伊朗出土的数量也很可观。宋、元时期的外销瓷以龙泉窑系青瓷为主，其次是景德镇窑系青白瓷，元代景德镇窑的青花瓷也大量用于外销，另有磁州窑系、耀州窑系、建窑系瓷器及福建、广东沿海专烧外销瓷的瓷窑产品。
底部落洋文款识，圈足氧化发黄，瓷胎细腻糯白，为糯米胎最早称之为“糯米汁胎”是形象描述胎体的质感，如同糯米经水磨后流出的米浆一般细腻、光滑。后被称为糯米胎，此胎极其细腻，是瓷石经过多次提炼极其细腻后才有的极品瓷胎，这种瓷胎轻扣声音清脆悦耳，胎质紧密，较一般瓷器硬度要高，抗热涨冷缩能力强，很多瓷器经历上百年时间就会自然的干裂，我们成为阴裂现象，与窑裂不同，是后期形成的，而糯米胎瓷器就不会出现这种问题，由于瓷土极其细腻，也不会出现棕眼的现象，是美瓷的重要要素。
整个青花画面颜色深浅不一，青花晕散明显，吃进胎骨，毫无浮与表面之感，画面极其生动自然，不管从任何角度欣赏都是古韵十足，青花瓷是能最好表现泼墨山水画的瓷器，这是其它瓷器所做不到的，所以青花瓷最具中国风，最能体现中国山水画艺术的最好载体，china这个单词大家都知道是中国的意思，可是最早这个单词的意思就是瓷器，因为当时中国被称之为瓷器之国，可见我国瓷器的影响之大，已经成为对外的一张艺术名片了，而当时出口瓷最多的就是青花瓷，这件青花粉彩瓷开门见老，画工精美，寓意吉祥，综上所述是一件十分难得的馆藏级藏品，可谓是千金易得，一宝难求。
英文翻译：Blue and white porcelain, also known as blue and white porcelain, is one of the mainstream varieties of Chinese porcelain. It is an under-glaze porcelain. Blue and white porcelain is made of cobalt ore containing cobalt oxide as raw material. It is painted on the ceramic body and then covered with a layer of transparent glaze. It is fired by a high temperature reduction flame. Cobalt material is blue after firing, with strong coloring power, bright hair color, high firing rate, color stability. The original blue and white porcelain appeared in the Tang and Song dynasties, while the mature blue and white porcelain appeared in the Hutian kiln of Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty. Blue and white porcelain became the mainstream in Ming Dynasty. It reached its peak during the Reign of Emperor Kangxi of qing Dynasty. The Ming and Qing dynasties, also created the blue and white colorful, peacock green glaze blue and white, bean green glaze blue and white, blue and white red color, yellow blue and white, brother glaze blue and white and other derivatives.
Powder enamel blue and white bowl
Pastel porcelain is another color porcelain in the qing court besides enamel. Apply arsenic-based foundation on the burned tire glaze and wash it with a pen after painting. The color will produce powder effect due to the emulsion action of arsenic. Among the numerous qing court pastel porcelain, Cixi pastel is simple and straightforward, rich and brilliant, rich and luxurious and unique.
See a porcelain if nothing else, the first drawing the painters are very delicate, pastel shading in distinct, dragon cane tsunami, the performance is very natural, again scrutinize the flower vase with no bumps, threading, kiln crack, etc., is a rare collection of high-quality goods, famille rose porcelain in Gardner poly record again and again, for the collection of the value of a strong basis, Such fine China is recommended for collection.
Increasing with the development of shipping industry, foreign trade, China's ceramics export presents an unprecedented prosperity, especially in guangzhou, the state (now in ningbo), hangzhou, quanzhou and other places to set up the "trade company" management of foreign trade, a large number of export porcelain from the port of departure, along the open channel, tang and five dynasties period flowing into Asia, Africa, Especially in Japan, the Philippines, Malaysia found the majority, Egypt and Iran unearthed a considerable number of. In the Song and Yuan dynasties, the export porcelain was mainly celadon of Longquan kiln, followed by blue and white porcelain of Jingdezhen kiln. In the Yuan dynasty, the blue and white porcelain of Jingdezhen kiln was also widely used for export, as well as porcelain products of Cizhou kiln, Yaozhou kiln and Jian kiln, as well as porcelain products of fujian and Guangdong coastal regions specially burning export porcelain.
It was first called "glutinous rice juice embryo" to describe the texture of the embryo body. It is as delicate and smooth as the rice milk flowing out of glutinous rice after being ground by water. Called glutinous rice, after the child is very exquisite, is China stone some acura after many refined extremely delicate porcelain body, the porcelain body light sweet crisp, TaiZhi closely, more like porcelain higher hardness, heat from the cold resistance is strong, a lot of China experienced hundreds of years to naturally weather-shack, we become Yin crack phenomenon, unlike kiln crack, is formed in the late, However, this problem will not occur in the glutinous rice porcelain. Because the porcelain clay is extremely delicate, there will be no brown eye phenomenon, which is an important element of beautiful porcelain.
The whole blue two-tone color, blue and white halo, eating into the fetal bone, and the surface without feeling, picture extremely vivid and natural, no matter from any Angle to appreciate is a sensibility, blue and white porcelain is the best performance splash-ink landscape painting of China, it is the other porcelain can't do, so most Chinese wind of blue and white porcelain, most can reflect the best carrier of Chinese landscape painting art, China this word is the meaning of the Chinese is known to all, but the meaning of this word is the earliest porcelain, because the country is referred to as Chinese porcelain, is our country the influence of China, has become a foreign art card, at a time when export porcelain is blue and white porcelain, the blue and white enamel porcelain to open the door to me, drawing fine, meaning auspicious, To sum up, it is a very rare collection, which is easy to get and hard to find.
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