来源:环球网

李昌钰(Henry Chang-Yu Lee),1938年出生于江苏如皋,美籍华人、刑事鉴识专家、美国康涅狄格州科学咨询中心的名誉主席(Chief Emeritus for Scientific Services)、康州纽海文大学终身教授、纽黑文大学法医学全职教授。

1998年,担任美国康涅狄格州警政厅长,成为全美第一位出任州级警界最高职位的华裔首长。在此之前,他曾担任康涅狄格州公共安全委员、康涅狄格州法医实验室主任和1979年至2000年的首席犯罪学专家。2006年,他设立了“李昌钰法医学研究所”。2013年9月,出任最高人民检察院检察技术信息研究中心顾问。

他鉴识过几个全球重大的案件,如肯尼迪总统被杀案、尼克松“水门事件”、克林顿桃色案、“911事件”、美国橄榄球明星辛普森杀妻案、法医调查南斯拉夫种族屠杀万人案及吕秀莲“3·19枪击案”等。李昌钰获得了800多项荣誉,其中包括:美国鉴识科学学会颁发的鉴识科学领域的最高荣誉奖———刑事领域杰出服务奖、美国法庭科学学会颁发的杰出成就奖、国际鉴识学会终身荣誉奖、世界杰出华人奖等。

“神探”李昌钰近日他却在美国陷入了一场信任危机,因为一起被他在1985年鉴定出的凶杀案,如今被发现是一场“冤案”….

而且这种情况的旧案,据说还不止一起……

根据美国《哈特福德新闻报》(Hartford Courant)等媒体报道,这起引发李昌钰“信任危机”的案件,发生于1985年。配

1985年,在美国康涅狄格州的新米尔福德镇,一名老人被发现惨死在家中,当时他身上被刺了27刀,死前还遭受到暴力殴打。

这起凶残的杀人案在当地引发了不小的影响。很快,警方锁定了2名男子,一个17岁,一个18岁。

根据当时地方检察官的指控,他们两人无家可归,游手好闲,属于问题青年。就连平时住的车子也是他们偷来的,同时还有吸毒的习惯,靠小偷小摸为生。可以说这样的两个年轻人,法庭证据对他们是非常不利的。

神探李昌钰破案纪实(李昌钰被曝制造)(1)

(当年被指控杀人的年轻人,现在都已经年过半百了)

尽管他们的品行不端,检方的指控对他们也很不利,但是警察当时并没有找到能够证明两人作案的有力证据。

根据检方指控,被杀害的老人死状十分惨烈,犯罪现场流淌着大量的血迹,从现场情况推断,两名凶手身上也肯定会被喷溅到血迹。

可奇怪的是,警方并没有发现二人身上有老人的血迹,就连其衣物、住所等,都找不到相关证据。

神探李昌钰破案纪实(李昌钰被曝制造)(2)

(犯罪现场照片)

据美国媒体报道,当年李昌钰参与了这个案件的调查取证,在警方束手无策的时候,他在被害老人家里的浴室中发现了一块可疑污渍的毛巾。正是这块毛巾成了法庭给二人定罪的关键证据。

李昌钰表示,自己经过“反复检测”证实这块毛巾上沾有的污渍是“血迹”。

检方则根据李昌钰的鉴定结果,认定二人是用这块毛巾擦除了血迹,并最终成功指控了二人。法庭给二人分别作出了50年和55年的有罪判决。

判决之后,这两个年轻人始终没有认罪,坚持声称自己不是凶手。

神探李昌钰破案纪实(李昌钰被曝制造)(3)

(图为当年李昌钰发现沾有“血迹”的毛巾的浴室,图片来自当地警方)

不过,在两人被关了20年后,此案却出现了转机。

根据美国《哈特福德新闻报》的报道,两人在2008年的最后一次上诉时,成功通过1985年时还不存在的基因检测手段,发现那个毛巾上沾有的根本就不是“血迹”

同时,当地州政府的法医实验室也发现了一份不利于李昌钰的记录,上面显示李昌钰并没有真正检测过那块当时被他宣称是“沾有血迹”的毛巾。

神探李昌钰破案纪实(李昌钰被曝制造)(4)

It was more than 20 years later, in 2008, that they discovered a stunning oversight by theprosecution that discredited Lee's testimony. Birch and Henning had arranged through alast-ditch appeal to have the bathroom towel subjected to sophisticated genetic testing

unavailable at the time of their trials. Over the course of the testing, the state forensic

laboratory found records showing that the the towel had never been tested before, by Lee oranyone else. That meant, at the time of trial, there was no way of knowing what the stain was.When the towel ultimately was tested, the results showed the red-colored stains were not

made by blood at all, but by an inorganic substance :

(截图来自美国《哈特福德新闻报》的报道)

于是,在又经过了11年的等待和法律程序后,此案终于在近日被康涅狄格州的高等法院给出了一个“颠覆式”的判决:一致认定两人无罪,当庭释放。

神探李昌钰破案纪实(李昌钰被曝制造)(5)

(图为美国多家地方媒体报道了这一“冤案平反”的事情)

而且,根据《哈特福德新闻报》的报道,法院还在判决中点名批评了李昌钰,认为他当年理应清楚那块毛巾没有进行检测,所以不该在这样的情况下出庭作证,给出不准确的证词,是在用虚假或有误导性的证词制造冤案。

法庭还认为只要李昌钰当时尽到了责任,这种错误是本可以避免的。

《哈特福德新闻报》还在报道中透露,法庭曾一度为该用什么样的词语指出李昌钰这位美国乃至世界知名的刑案鉴定专家的错误行为而纠结,最终法庭认为“李昌钰的证词是源于蓄意作假还是仅仅出错”并不重要,因为当年的作为控方的州政府应该是知道他的证词是不准确的,却没有做出纠正。

神探李昌钰破案纪实(李昌钰被曝制造)(6)

Furthermore, it is inarguable that Lee, as the representative of the state police forensic laboratory, shouldhave known that the bathroom towel had not beentested for blood. He, like any such witness, had anaffirmative obligation to review any relevant testreports before testifying so as to reasonably ensure thathis testimony would accurately reflect the findings ofthose tests. To conclude otherwise would permit thestate to gain a conviction on the basis of false or misleading testimony even though the error readily couldhave been avoided if the witness merely had exerciseddue diligence; such a result is clearly incompatible withtheprinciples enunciated in Brady and its progeny.Lee's incorrect testimony also must be imputed to theprosecutor who, irrespective of whether he elicited thattestimony in good faith, is deemed to be aware of anyand all material evidence in the possession of anyinvestigating agency, including, of course, the state

(截图为法庭发布的批评李昌钰的部分观点,此案的一些更详细的内容已被当地法庭公布)

另外,除了当年李昌钰给出的证据被推翻外,DNA检测技术还发现其他来自当年案件犯罪现场、两人的个人物品以及他们一度生活在的那里车上的各种物证中,也没有一样可以证明两人是凶手的。

目前,李昌钰也给出了回应,称他在当年的案件中是如实检测了那块毛巾的,并坚持认为毛巾上沾有的就是“血迹”,他没有错。他还认为他之所以成为了靶子,是两名被告的律师采用了一种靠攻击专家证人给当事人脱罪的策略。

可从《哈特福德新闻报》的报道语气来看,该报对于李昌钰的说法并不“买账”,称除了上述这起案件,还有两起刑事案件的被告及其律师在指控李昌钰在涉及他们的案件中给出过有问题的证据。

这两起案子也都发生在上世纪80年代,一个在1984年,一个在1986年,李昌钰在这两起案件中都提供了证明被告人是凶手的“血渍”证据,但基因检测却发现这些“血渍”证据都存在问题。

神探李昌钰破案纪实(李昌钰被曝制造)(7)

But in a case similar to those of Henning and Birch, a third man was recently released from along prison sentence based on allegations that Lee had testified erroneously. David Weinbergwas convicted in the brutal, 1984 stabbing death of Joyce Stochmal. In that case, Lee testifiedthat he found blood on a knife belonging to Weinberg and three hairs that matched Stochmal's in the trunk of Weinberg's car. As it turned out from later testing, the blood waseither animal blood or not blood at all. Subsequent testing revealed that two of three hairsdid not come from Joyce Stochmal and that the third could not be definitively linked to her.

Weinberg's lawyer pressed him to fight for a dismissal of the murder charge, but he wantedimmediate release from decades in prison. The prosecution agreed to release him based ontime served and he fled the state.

Wendall Hasan is a fourth man who is suing in an effort to reverse a murder conviction basedon allegedly false testimony by Lee in another bloody stabbing case. Hasan was convicted in1986 of stabbing to death George Tyler in Tyler's Darien home a year earlier. Lee testifiedthat blood on a sneaker found in Hasan's home matched Tyler' 's blood, according to the suit.

A subsequent test in July 2014 by the state police forensic laboratory showed the stains onthe sneaker were negative for the presence of blood," according to the suit.

(截图来自美国《哈特福德新闻报》的报道)

神探李昌钰破案纪实(李昌钰被曝制造)(8)

,