英语表示喜好和优先的句型
A.当表达喜好和优先选项时,最简单的用prefer的名词preference, 例如:
1. He studied chemistry in preference to physics at university.
2. I can't say that I have any particular preference.
3. Please indicate your preference on the booking form.
4. Choosing furniture is largely a matter of personal preference.
B.在口语中 would rather被用作表达优先的喜好,看下面的对话。
John: Let's go out tonight.Mary: That's a good idea.John: How about going to a film? There's a new film out with Tom Hanks.Mary: I'd rather go out for dinner. I'm hungry!John: Okay. Which restaurant would you prefer?Mary: I'd prefer to eat at Johnny's. They serve great steaks.
再看一段对话:
Sue: I'm not sure which topic to choose for my essay.Debby: Well, what are your choices?Sue: I can write about the economy or about a book.Debby: Which would you rather write about?Sue: I'd prefer to write about a book.Debby: How about Moby Dick?Sue: No, I'd rather write about Timothy's Gift.
肯定句的表达方式:
Subject would rather ('d rather) verb
Peter would rather spend time on the beach.I would rather learn a new language than study math.
疑问句的表达方式:
Would subject rather verb
Would you rather stay at home?Would they rather do homework tomorrow morning?
否定句的表达方式:Subject would rather ('d rather) not verb
She'd rather not go to class today.I'd rather not answer that question.
在选择喜好时还可以用Would Rather Than来选择两种特定的行为,此时than之后用动词原形:Would you rather eat dinner out than cook dinner tonight?She would rather play tennis than go horseback riding.
Would Rather 可以用在疑问句中和连词or共用,提问选择两个选项:Would you rather eat here or go out?Would you rather study or watch TV?
用Would Rather 可以表达希望某人做某事,这种结构类似非真实情况,因为表达想象的情况,此外还可以委婉地提问, 但动词是过去式:S would rather Person past verb
Tom would rather Mary bought an SUV. (注意动词用过去)Would you rather she stayed here with us?
肯定句:Subject would rather ('d rather) object past tenseI would rather my son worked in finance.Susan would rather Peter took a plane.
疑问句:Would subject rather object past tenseWould you rather her sister flew home tomorrow?Would you rather he came with us to the meeting?
C. 用would prefer表达优先的喜好,这时候prefer后面接动词不定式较多:肯定句:Subject would prefer ('d prefer) infinitive (to do)Jennifer would prefer to stay at home tonight.The teacher would prefer to have the test next week.
疑问句:Would subject prefer infinitive (to do)Would you prefer to go out for dinner tonight?Would they prefer to stay in New York for the week?
D.用 Prefer表示优先选择,此时往往是一般现在时,在两者之间做出选择:肯定句:Subject prefer object to objectShe prefers coffee to tea. I prefer summer vacations to winter vacations.
疑问句:Do subject prefer object to objectDo you prefer wine to beer?Does she prefer New York to Chicago?
当用prefer做选择时,既可以跟不定式,也可以接动名词,但前后必须统一。
肯定句:Subject prefer to do / doing objectMy friend prefers to finish his chores early in the morning. Jack prefers doing his homework at home to doing it in the library.
疑问句:Do subject prefer to do / doing objectWhen do you prefer staying at home to going out at night?Does she prefer to eat in restaurants?
练习:
- Jennifer would rather _____ (stay) home for dinner tonight.
- I think I'd prefer _______ (play) chess today.
- Would you rather I _____ (leave) you alone?
- I'd rather the students _____ (study) for their test.
- Peter prefers _____ (relax) at home on the weekend.
Answers:
- stay
- to play
- left
- study
- relaxing / to relax
用to, than, or填空:
- Do you prefer coffee _____ tea?
- I think I'd prefer _____ drive to California.
- Would you rather go to the club _____ go to the beach? (asking for a choice)
- He'd rather work all day _____ go to the beach! (make a specific choice)
- My friend prefers Japanese food _____ American food.
Answers:
- to
- to
- or
- than
- to