凡经所历,皆为序章。但握不住的沙,不如扬去。不要沉湎序章,过好当下,有所爱有所期待,生活才会更顺意。一个人有过去、现在、将来,我们所学的时态也有一般过去时、一般现在时、一般将来时。

一般过去时的时态(3个一般时态过去)(1)

一、一般过去时

1.定义

(1)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作

(2)表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态

2.结构

(1)主语 was/were 其他

(2)主语 情态动词(could/might...) 动词原形

(3)主语 行为动词过去式 其他

(4)行为动词过去式规则变化

①一般情况下直接加ed,如:play→played

②以不发音的e结尾→加d,如:like→liked

③以辅音字母加y结尾,去y为i再加ed,如:study→studied

④以重读闭音节(辅元辅)结尾,双写末字母再加ed,如:plan→planned

注意: 行为动词过去式不规则变化,详见→

3.时态标志词

yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night/week/month/year, just now, at that time

used to, the other day, 时间 ago, in 过去年份...

4.句型转换

(1)肯定句

①主语 was/were 其他.

I was a student.

②主语 情态动词(could/might...) 动词原形 其他

He could swim.

③主语 行为动词过去式 其他

He went swimming yesterday.

He played games yesterday.

(2)否定句

①主语 was/were not 其他.

I was not a student.

②主语 情态动词(could/might...) not 动词原形 其他

He could not swim.

③主语 助动词(did) not 动词原形 其他

They didn't play football.

(3)一般疑问句

①Was/Were 主语 其他?

肯定回答:Yes,主语 was/were.

否定回答:No,主语 wasn't/weren't.

--Were you a student?

--Yes,I was.

--No,I wasn't.

②情态动词(Could/Might...) 主语 动词原形 其他?

肯定回答:Yes,主语 could.

否定回答:No,主语 couldn't.

--Could he swim when he was young?

--Yes,he could.

--No,he couldn't.

③助动词(Did) 主语 动词原形 其他?

肯定回答:Yes,主语 did.

否定回答:No,主语 didn't.

--Did they often play football when they was young?

--Yes,they did.

--No,they didn't.

(4)特殊疑问句

①特殊疑问词 was/were 主语?

What was your job last year?

②特殊疑问词 情态动词(could...) 主语 动词原形 其他?

What could they do when they was young?

③特殊疑问词 助动词(did) 主语 动词原形 其他?

What did he do yesterday?

一般过去时的时态(3个一般时态过去)(2)

二、一般现在时

1.定义

(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作

(2)表示事物或人物的特征或状态

(3)表示客观真理、科学事实或名言警句

2.结构

(1)主语 am/is/are 其他

(2)主语 情态动词(can/may/need...) 动词原形

(3)主语 行为动词 其他

①非三单主语(不是第三人称单数主语) 动词原形 其他

②三单主语(第三人称单数主语) 动词三单形式(动词第三人称单数形式) 其他

注意→第三人称单数主语主要有:他她它(he/she/it)、可数名词单数、不可数名词、动名词短语作主语、复合不定代词(something/nothing/everything/someone/somebody/nobody...)...

(4)动词三单形式(动词第三人称单数形式)

①一般情况下直接加s,如:play→plays

②以sh/ch/x/s/o结尾→加es,如:go→goes

③辅音加y结尾,去y为i再加es,如:study→studies

④特殊:have的三单形式是has

3.时态标志词

(1)表示频率或次数:usually/often/always/sometimes/never/hardly/seldom/once a week/twice a week/three times a week

(2)其他:every day/week/month/season/year,on the weekend,on 星期等

4.句型转换

(1)肯定句

①主语 am/is/are 其他.

I am a student.

②主语 情态动词(can...) 动词原形 其他

He can swim.

③主语 行为动词 其他

a.非三单主语 动词原形 其他

They often play football.

b.三单主语 动词三单形式 其他

He often plays football.

(2)否定句

①主语 am/is/are not 其他.

I am not a student.

②主语 情态动词(can...) not 动词原形 其他

He can not swim.

③主语 助动词(do/does) not 动词原形 其他

a.非三单主语 don't 动词原形 其他

They don't often play football.

b.三单主语 doesn't 动词原形 其他

He doesn't often play football.

(3)一般疑问句

①Am/Is/Are 主语 其他?

肯定回答:Yes,主语 am/is/are.

否定回答:No,主语 am not/isn't/aren't.

--Are you a student?

--Yes,I am.

--No,I am not.

注意:考试转换句型通常不会用am提问,通常会以第二人称提问,转换肯定句时注意转换第一人称。但现实运用,am提问是可以的,对自己的提问或在对话中通过问自己希望得到对方肯定回答。

②情态动词(Can...) 主语 动词原形 其他?

肯定回答:Yes,主语 can.

否定回答:No,主语 can't.

--Can he swim?

--Yes,he can.

--No,he can't.

③助动词(do/does) 主语 动词原形 其他?

a.Do 非三单主语 动词原形 其他?

肯定回答:Yes,主语 do.

否定回答:No,主语 don't.

--Do they often play football?

--Yes,they do.

--No,they don't.

b.Does 三单主语 动词原形 其他?

肯定回答:Yes,主语 does.

否定回答:No,主语 doesn't.

--Does he often play football?

--Yes,he does.

--No,he doesn't.

(4)特殊疑问句

①特殊疑问词 am/is/are 主语?

How are you?

②特殊疑问词 情态动词(can...) 主语 动词原形 其他?

What can they do?

③特殊疑问词 助动词(do/does) 主语 动词原形 其他?

a.特殊疑问词 do 非三单主语 动词原形 其他?

What do they often do?

b.特殊疑问词 does 三单主语 动词原形 其他?

What does he often do?

5.特殊用法

(1)一般现在时表示客观事实或普遍真理(真理永一现)

The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东边升起)

②一般现在时可以表示将来时间上已确定或安排好要发生的事情(一般现在时表将来,常见词有瞬间动词:come/go/arrive/leave/start/begin等)

The train leaves at 7:00 a.m. tomorrow.(火车明天早上7点开)

③在主从复合句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句)中,时态:主将从现(主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时)

If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we will play football outside. (如果明天不下雨,我们就会在户外踢足球)

一般过去时的时态(3个一般时态过去)(3)

三、一般将来时

1.定义

表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态

2.结构

(1)主语 will/shall 动词原形 其他

注意:主语是I或we时,常用shall

(2)主语 be动词(am/is/are) going to 动词原形 其他

3.时态标志词

(1)tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in the future, tonight, soon, from now on

(2)in 未来年份, in 一段时间(在...之后), next 年/季节/月/日...

4.句型转换

(1)肯定句

①主语 will/shall 动词原形 其他

I will go shopping tomorrow.

②主语 be动词(am/is/are) going to 动词原形 其他

I am going to watch a movie with Tom tomorrow.

(2)否定句

①主语 will not 动词原形 其他

I won't go shopping tomorrow.

②主语 be动词(am/is/are) not going to 动词原形 其他

I am not going to watch a movie with Tom tomorrow.

(3)一般疑问句

①Will 主语 动词原形 其他?

肯定回答:Yes,主语 will

否定回答:No,主语 won't

--Will you go shopping with Tom?

--Yes,I will.

--No,I won't.

②Be动词(am/is/are) 主语 going to 动词原形 其他?

肯定回答:Yes,主语 be动词(am/is/are).

否定回答:No,主语 be动词(am/is/are) not.

--Are you going to go shopping with Tom?

--Yes,I am.

--No,I am not.

5.特殊疑问句

(1)特殊疑问词 will 主语 动词原形 其他?

When will you go shopping with Tom?

(2)特殊疑问词 be动词(am/is/are) 主语 going to 动词原形 其他?

When are you going to go shopping with Tom?

6.特殊用法

(1)There be 句型的一般将来时

①There will be 其他

There will be a football match tomorrow.

②There is/are going to be 其他

There is going to be a football match tomorrow.

(2)可用于表将来的其他结构

①一般现在时可以表示将来时间上已确定或安排好要发生的事情(一般现在时表将来,常见词有瞬间动词:come/go/arrive/leave/start/begin等)

The train leaves at 7:00 a.m. tomorrow.

Here comes the bus.(倒装句)

②在主从复合句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句)中,时态:主将从现(主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时)

If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we will play football outside.

③现在进行时可以表示将要发生的动作(现在进行时表将来的意思,常见词有位移动词:come/go/arrive/leave/start/begin等)

He is leaving Guangzhou for Beijing tomorrow.

④“be to 动词原形”表将来

Tom is to be married next week.

⑤“be about to 动词原形”表将来

The bus is about to leave.

⑥will do与be going to do 区别

a.时间长短

will do侧重离现在较远的未来会发生的事情,时间相对较远;

be going to侧重即将要发生或近期计划发生的事情,时间相对较近。

b.主观与客观

will do侧重客观,新闻媒体/气象预报等官方消息,用will do;

be going to do侧重个人意图,强调说话人主观上计划或安排或推测某事。

c.其他注意点

表计划/打算/推测(有明显迹象),用be going to do;

没有事先计划或考虑的临时起意,用will do。

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