路痴如你……至今仍分不清东南西北的朋友请抱紧双语君(微信ID:Chinadaily_Mobile)!
在路痴眼里一条路正着走和反着走是不一样的,白天走和晚上走是不同的,夏天走和冬天走是不同的,工作日走和节假日走是不同的。
今天,双语君(微信ID:Chinadaily_Mobile)要介绍这样一群特殊的人,他们是天生的“路痴症”患者。
天生路痴患者的日常
在美国丹佛,有一名叫Sharon Roseman的女子每天都会迷路。20多年来,她每天上下班全靠跟踪别人,在自家院子里也会迷路......
Roseman remembers when it first became clear that she wasn’t like all the other kids. One day when she was 5 years old and standing in front of their home, Roseman asked her mom where they were. When her mom pointed out that they were in front of their home in the Chicago suburb, Roseman said, “This doesn’t look like our house.”
Roseman小时候便开始发觉自己跟其他孩子不一样。在她五岁的时候,有一天Roseman站在自家门前,问她的妈妈这是哪里。当妈妈告诉她他们就在芝加哥市郊的家时,Roseman说:“这看起来不像是我们的家。”
She remembers her mother’s stunned response, “That’s when she pointed a finger in my face and she said, ‘Don’t tell anybody because they’ll say you’re a witch and they’ll burn you.’”
她记得妈妈当时震惊的反应,“她用手指着我的脸说,‘别告诉别人,不然他们会把你当成女巫烧死。’”
Roseman完全被吓到了,很多年来她一直隐瞒着这个秘密,甚至没有告诉她的前夫。
她每天的日常是这样的,早上开车去直行不到半分钟的超市买东西,她也会打开导航,按照语音提示行驶小心翼翼地行驶。
买完东西后,她需要再次启动导航,仔细听着语音开回家。
“I can literally see my house out the car window, but I have no clue that it’s my house,” Roseman says. When her kids would cry in the night, she would struggle to find her way to them. “Where I thought I was going out the doorway of my bedroom there was now a wall — and I would bang right into it,” she says.
“我能透过车窗看见它,但是我不知道那是不是我家”,Roseman说道。孩子半夜哭闹时,找到孩子们睡觉的房间都是难题。“我以为应该是卧室过道的地方结果变成了一堵墙——我会一头撞上去,”她说。
直到前几年,她看到一档电视节目,里面讲到了这世界有些人“完全不会认路”,Roseman才恍然大悟,这说的不就是自己吗?
原来,她患了一种名为“发展性地形迷失”(DTD)的罕见神经障碍,大脑不能像正常人一样认知地形和导航。
Roseman, 64, suffers from developmental topographical disorientation, or DTD, a disorder that had flown under brain researchers’ radar until very recently. DTD was first described as a single case study in a paper published online in 2008 in the journal Neuropsychologia.
64岁的Roseman患有“发展性地形迷失症”简称“DTD”。这种病近几年刚刚被研究者发现。2008年,DTD首次作为独立案例发表在网络医学杂志《神经心理学》上。
topographical:地形(学)上的
disorientation:定向障碍
这个节目也让Roseman知道,自己并不是个例......
In 2007, Alice approached the neuroscientist Giuseppe Iaria with a peculiar and vexing problem: She had extraordinary difficulty finding her way around. Sometimes she would even get lost in her own house. She had to rely on standardized routes, going from door to door along a carefully memorized path.
2007年,Alice带着自己的一个奇特的烦恼,找到了神经学家Giuseppe Iaria:她有着极度严重的认路问题。有时甚至在家里迷路。为此她不得不机械地依赖标准化路线,牢牢记住从一个房间走到另一个房间的路。
neuroscientist:神经科学家
peculiar :古怪的,奇异的
上班时,她凭着记忆判断何时下车,从一个记住了的地标找到另一个,这样一直找到办公楼。
但这个方法不是万能的,总会有出岔子的时候:
But if Alice strayed even slightly she would be hopelessly lost, and the only solution was to call her father to pick her up. She didn’t have any trouble seeing—she could recognize landmarks and other objects as well as anybody.
一旦Alice哪怕偏离一丁点,她就会彻底迷路,这时候给爸爸打电话来接自己是唯一的解决办法。她没有视力障碍——她能够像常人一样辨认路标和其他东西。
与她类似的患者还有很多。
有一位绰号为WAI的博士,之所以有这么一个绰号,是因为他经常问“我在哪儿?(Where Am I)”。
Dr. WAI is a well-educated 29-year-old man without any history of disease or trauma, it took him four tries to produce a semi-accurate map of the house he had lived in for 15 years.
有一位绰号为WAI的博士,之所以有这么一个绰号,是因为他经常问“我在哪儿?”(Where Am I?)。29岁的他没受到过任何伤病,但硬是尝试了四次才画出一张只有一半准确的家庭地形图,而这个家他已经居住15年了。
DTD患者绘制的家庭地图(左)和实际地图(右)
这位智力正常,甚至拥有博士学历的人,最简单的导航也搞不清楚,所以在家也常常迷路。
来自旧金山的Jennifer不管面向哪个方向,总是觉得自己朝着北方。
名副其实的,别问我北在哪,我就是北......
Judy Bentley had her memory of her physical surroundings suddenly vanish one day in high school. She suddenly had no idea what was beyond the classroom door.
另一位名叫Judy Bentley的女士高中的时候,有一天感觉身边的一切都消失不见了,突然间,她发现自己完全不认得教室外的景象。
眼一闭一睁,整个世界都变了......
DTD到底是什么?
DTD患者就像视力健全的“盲人”,去到任何地方都需要导航。
DTD患者跟压后皮层发生异常变化丧失导航能力有关,然而发生变化的原因至今还是医学上的未解之迷。
In a 2014 paper, a group of investigators from Princeton and Carnegie Mellon University did a thorough study of brain activity in a woman with DTD who was asked only to view spatial scenes on a computer screen, not to actually navigate. When her brain activity patterns were compared with those of control subjects, no differences were seen for the hippocampus, but clear differences appeared for the retrosplenial cortex—the same brain area most often affected in topographic disorientation caused by brain damage.
2014年,美国普林斯顿大学和卡内基梅隆大学的研究者发表的一篇论文称,他们对一位DTD女性患者的脑部活动进行了彻底研究,要求她仅观察电脑屏幕上的空间图片而非导航图。比较这位女性患者的脑部活动和正常人的脑部活动之后,实验发现两者的海马体并没有区别,压后皮层却存在明显差异。压后皮层同样也是大脑受伤导致的定位困难所影响的区域。
图中红色区域为后压皮层区
这些患者DTD症状表现各异:有的人觉得自己朝着四个方向随机跳动;有人总觉得自己面朝同一个方向;还有的人的方向感会突然莫名其妙地失灵,而闭上眼睛转一圈后又自动回来了......
有趣的是,科学家们费尽心机找到的120名确定有DTD症状的人中,男性仅有18名。
从这份患病样本数据推测,DTD的患病的概率,女性可能高于男性。
那么,“路痴”用英语怎么说?
最后,来学学英语,下面这些短语可以帮你表达:路盲、路痴。
❶ have no sense of direction / have a bad / poor sense of direction
没有方向感、方向感极差
❷ be confused at directions
分不清东西南北
❸ get lost easily on the road
老是迷路
❹ I don't remember the ways.
记不住路,走过就忘。
❺ I can't give directions.
哪里是北?完全辨不出方位。
相反,如果你对一个地方了如指掌,可以这样说:
know somewhere like the back of one's hand
或
know every nook and cranny of a place
nook and cranny:意思是犄角旮旯,既然连这些地方都走过了,真的是对这个地方了再熟悉不过了
日常迷糊不认路可以当作笑料吐槽,但是如果遇见了“天生路痴”的人,不要嘲笑他们,因为这本身就是一种潜藏在人群中,正逐渐被认知的病......
朋友,今天你迷路了吗?
编辑:左卓
实习生:陈月华
参考来源:nautilus、About Brains、Daily Mail
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