there be句型是小升初考察的重点句型,通常是和时态及单复数在一起考察。今天来彻底讲解一下there be句型的用法。
there be句型又称“存在句型”,这个句型仅仅表示“存在、有”。很多同学看到有there,就容易把there be这个结构误理解为“那里有...”,但实际上,there在这个句子中是个引导词,没有实在含义。想表达“某个地方有什么东西”,需要在句子后面加地点状语。
一、there be结构的肯定句
1. There be( 冠词) 可数名词单数/不可数名词 其他。如:
There is an apple on the table. 桌子上有个苹果。
There is some water in the cup. 杯子里有一些水。
2. There be 可数名词复数 其他。如:
There are many birds in the forest. 森林里有许多鸟。
注意:there be结构中be动词的使用原则
there be结构中,be动词要与主语在数上保持一致。当主语是可数名词单数或者不可数名词时,在一般现在时中be动词用is,在一般过去时中be动词用was;当主语是可数名词复数时,在一般现在时中be动词用are,在一般过去时中be动词用were;当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与离它最近的那个主语在数上保持一致,即遵循“就近原则”。如:
There is a desk and some chairs in the room.
There are some chairs and a desk in the room.
二、there be结构的否定句
there be结构的否定句要在be动词后加not或no,如果句中有some,则要变成any。如:
There aren't any flowers in the garden. 花园里没有花。
There is no milk in the glass. 玻璃杯里没有牛奶。
三、there be结构的一般疑问句
there be结构的一般疑问句只要把be动词提到句首,首字母大写,句尾再加上问号即可。如果句中有some,则要变成any。如:
There are some books on the sofa.
→Are there any books on the sofa?
其肯定答语是“Yes,there is/are.”
否定答语是“No, there isn't/aren't.”
四、there be结构的特殊疑问句
1. 当想知道某地有什么时,我们可以用句型“What is 表地点的介词短语?”(无论主语是单数还是复数都用is)。如:
There are some birds in the tree.
→What's in the tree?
There is much rubbish in the street.
→What's in the street?
2. 提问(可数名词)主语前的数量时,用how many,句型结构为“How many 复数名词 are there 其他?”。如:
There is a pen under the desk.
→How many pens are there under the desk?
3. 提问(不可数名词)主语前的数量时,用how much,句型结构为“How much 不可数名词 is there 其他?”。如:
There is a lot of milk in the glass.
→How much milk is there in the glass?
4. 对there be结构的特殊疑问句作出回答时,根据具体情况用“There is/are...”来应答。如:
What's in Australia?
→There are lots of interesting things.
What's behind the door?
→There's a little mouse.
五、there be与have/has的区别
它们都表示“有”的意思,但用法上有区别。
1. 两者在表达关系上不同。there be结构表示“存在”的“有”;而have/has表示的是“所属”的“有”,它的主语通常是人。如:
There are two computer rooms in the building. 这幢楼里有两间电脑房。
I have a red crayon and she has a yellow one. 我有一只红蜡笔,她有一只黄蜡笔。
2. 两者在结构上也不相同。there be结构的主语放在be动词之后;而have/has的主语在have/has前面。如:
There are so many black clouds in the sky. 天空中有那么多乌云。
I have an animal friend. It has two big eyes. 我有一个动物朋友。它长着一双大眼睛。
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