一. a. I don’t understand why you are not at school.，我来为大家科普一下关于英语中的否定形式有哪些?下面希望有你要的答案，我们一起来看看吧!
英语中的否定形式有哪些
语境展示一. a. I don’t understand why you are not at school.
b. You shouldn’t spit at him.
c. There is no person / not a person / not any person smoking in the room.
二. a. None / neither of us was born wise.
b. I can see nothing / nobody.
c. nothing can be as simple as this.
d. He doesn’t know any English at all.
e. He no longer lives in America.
f. I’m full and I can’t eat any more.
三. a. All / Both the answers are not right.
b. I don’t know all of them.
c. Everyone doesn’t want to go.
d. He doesn’t know both English and French.
e. The house is not big and comfortable.
四. a. We seldom / hardly / scarcely see such scenery.
b. I have few English friends.
五. a. We won’t go to Beijing without visiting the Great Wall.
b. There’s no one who did not feel sympathy for the victims of the accident.
六. a. I don’t think you are right.
b. I don’t think it appropriate to invite her to speak at the meeting.
c. The cloth doesn’t feel soft.
d. I don’t seem to get to sleep at nights.
e. The student didn’t sit there listening to the lecture.
归纳总结一、一般否定
英语里的否定结构多用否定词not, never, no, none, nothing等来表示。一般否定由助动词或情态动词加not (be动词直接在后面加not)构成。
二、 完全否定
完全否定是百分之百地否认一个事物的存在、成立或真实性。表示完全否定的否定词有no, not, nothing, nobody, none, nowhere, never等。句中有not … any, no more, no longer也构成完全否定。
三、 部分否定
部分否定中的not不是用以否定全句，而是用以否定句中的某一部分。通常由not与表示整体意义的词(如：everyone, everything, all, each, always等)构成。例如：在“not adj. / adv. and adj. / adv.”的结构中，被否定的往往只是and后面的那一部分。
四、 半否定
句中有seldom, hardly, scarcely, barely, few, little等含否定意义的词，常称之为“半否定”。
五、 双重否定
句中若含有两个否定词，则表示肯定意义。如例句a意为“我们每次去北京就会去参观长城”。
六、 否定转移
当think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, feel等词的主语是第一人称，谓语动词用的是一般现在时且在句中表达否定概念时，虽然形式上是否定形式，但其表达的否定意义后移。通常表示说话者提出一种委婉的看法或主张，这时“形式上否定的是主句的谓语，实际上否定的是从句的谓语”。
如果从句中的否定副词不是not，而是never, hardly, seldom, little等时，则不遵循这一原则。
[否定在其它情况下的使用]
● 当句中有all … except, no … but … , but for, without, if not for时，称为“排除否定”。
例如：
All know the truth except you.
The lazy boy does nothing but play games.
But for / If not for / Without your help, I couldn’t have succeeded.
● 当句中有not … nor, neither … nor, not …either(译为“不……也不……”)和not … let alone, to say nothing of, not to speak of(译为“不……更不用说……”)时，称为“延续否定”。
例如：
You did nothing, nor / neither did I.
Tom no longer lives in the countryside. Bob doesn’t, either.
He doesn’t know Chinese, let alone / to say nothing of / not to speak of Mandarin.
● 当陈述句中含有由否定前缀或否定后缀构成的词，都被看作肯定，其后的反意疑问句用否定形式。
例如：
He is careless, isn’t he? It is impossible to leave on time, isn’t it?
She dislikes you, doesn’t she?
● 当句中有否定词not, no修饰副词、从句或名词，且位于句首时，句子需倒装。
例如：
Not until I reminded him did he realize he was wrong.
Not a word did he say at the meeting.
Not only does he teach at school, but he writes novels.
No sooner had he got home than it began to rain.
● 非谓语动词的否定形式常由“not 非谓语动词”构成。
例如：
I went to his office, not to see him.
I am sorry for not coming on time.
Not built according to her wishes, the cottage was pulled down.
● know better than … 明事理(而不至于); be the last to do sth. 最不可能做……; too … to … 太……以至于不能……; anything but …绝非……; would rather … than宁可……也不……; unless 除非。
例如：
I know better than to do such a thing.
Jack would be the last man to believe that.
He was too young to go to school.
Your answer is anything but perfect.
Joe would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.
You’ll fail the exam unless you work harder.
习题检测单项填空
1. — You haven’t been to Beijing, have you?
— ______ and I visited the Summer Palace.
A. Yes, I haven’t
B. Yes, I have
C. No, I have
D. No, I haven’t
2. All of us believe what Mary has said, for she is the ______ girl to tell a lie.
A. last
B. kind
C. difficult
D. beautiful
3. I agreed with most of what he had said, but not ______ .
A. anything
B. nothing
C. everything
D. something
4. It is ______ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.
A. no
B. hardly
C. certainly
D. nearly
5. Today’s speech is perfect; I’ve never heard ______ before.
A. the better one
B. the best one
C. a good one
D. a better one
Key:
1-5 BACBD
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