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深度解读四大名著之西游记
本文转自：同文译馆
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这里的译文摘自余国藩先生的版本The Journey to The West.
译者简介
余国藩（Anthony C. Yu），美国芝加哥大学巴克人文学讲座教授，并为该校唯一由神学院、比较文学系、英文系、东亚系及社会思想委员近四十年，现为该校巴克人文学讲座荣退教授。余国藩也是台湾中央研究院及美国国家人文科学的院士，并荣任中央研究院中国文哲研究所通信研究员。余国藩以英译《西游记》（Journey to the West，四册）饮誉学界，在《重读石头记》及各类论文之外，他另有《重访巴拿撒斯山》（Parnassus Revisited：Modern Critical Essays on the Epic Tradition）及《信仰的语形学》（Morphologies of Faith：Essays in Religion and Culture in Honor of Nathan A. Scott， Jr.）、《余国藩西游记论集》、《重读石头记：里的情欲与虚构》、《从历史与文本的角度看中国的政教问题》等著作及若干论文。
作品节选
诗曰：混沌未分天地乱，茫茫渺渺无人见。自从盘古破鸿蒙，开辟从兹清浊辨。覆载群生仰至仁，发明万物皆成善。欲知造化会元功，须看西游释厄传。
The Divine Root Conceives and the Spring Breaks Forth. As the Heart's Nature Is Cultivated, the Great Way Arises. Before Chaos was divided, Heaven and Earth were one; All was a shapeless blur, and no men had appeared. Once Pan Gu destroyed the Enormous Vagueness. The separation of clear and impure began. Living things have always tended towards humanity; From their creation all beings improve. If you want to know about Creation and Time, Read Difficulties Resolved on the Journey to the West.
盖闻天地之数，有十二万九千六百岁为一元。将一元分为十二会，乃子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥之十二支也。每会该一万八百岁。且就一日而论：子时得阳气，而丑则鸡鸣；寅不通光，而卯则日出；辰时食后，而巳则挨排；日午天中，而未则西蹉；申时晡而日落酉，戌黄昏而人定亥。譬于大数，若到戌会之终，则天地昏缯而万物否矣。
In the arithmetic of the universe, 129,600 years make one cycle. Each cycle can be divided into twelve phases: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII, the twelve branches. Each phase lasts 10,800 years.
Now within a single day, the positive begins at the time I; at II the cock crows; at III it is not quite light; at IV the sun rises; V is after breakfast; and at VI one does business. VII is when the sun reaches noon; at VIII it is slipping towards the West; IX is late afternoon; the sun sets at X; XI is dusk; and at XII people settle down for the night. If you compare this with the big numbers, then at the end of Phase XI Heaven and Earth were still one, and no beings had appeared. 5,400 years later came the beginning of Phase XII, when all was darkness and there were still no people or other creatures; for this reason it was called Chaos.
再去五千四百岁，交亥会之初，则当黑暗，而两间人物俱无矣，故曰混沌。又五千四百岁，亥会将终，贞下起元，近子之会，而复逐渐开明。邵康节曰：“冬至子之半，天心无改移。一阳初动处，万物未生时。”到此天始有根。
Another 5,400 years later Phase XII was drawing to a close and a new cycle was about to begin. As Phase I of the new era approached, gradually there was light. As Shao Yong said, "When winter reaches the mid-point of Phase I The heart of Heaven does not move.Where the Positive first appears Nothing has yet come to life." At this time, Heaven first had a foundation.
再五千四百岁，正当子会，轻清上腾，有日有月有星有辰。日月星辰，谓之四象。故曰天开于子。又经五千四百岁，子会将终，近丑之会，而逐渐坚实。《易》曰：“大哉乾元！至哉坤元！万物资生，乃顺承天。”至此，地始凝结。
5,400 years later, in the middle of Phase I, the light and pure rose upwards, and sun, moon, stars, and constellations were created. These were called the Four Images. Hence the saying that heaven began in I. Another 5,400 years later, when Phase I was nearing its end and Phase II was imminent, things gradually solidified. As the Book of Changes says, "Great is the Positive; far-reaching is the Negative! All things are endowed and born in accordance with Heaven." This was when the earth began to congeal.
再五千四百岁，正当丑会，重浊下凝，有水有火有山有石有土。水火山石土，谓之五形。故曰地辟于丑。
After 5,400 more years came the height of Phase II, when the heavy and impure solidified, and water, fire, mountains, stone, and Earth came into being. These five were called the Five Movers. Therefore it is said that the Earth was created in Phase II.
又经五千四百岁，丑会终而寅会之初，发生万物。历曰：“天气下降，地气上升；天地交合，群物皆生。”至此，天清地爽，阴阳交合。
After a further 5,400 years, at the end of Phase II and the beginning of the Phase III, living beings were created. In the words of the Book of the Calendar, "The essence of the sky came down and the essence of earth went up. Heaven and Earth intermingled, and all creatures were born." Then Heaven was bright and Earth was fresh, and the Positive intermingled with the Negative.
再五千四百岁，正当寅会，生人生兽生禽，正谓天地人，三才定位。故曰人生于寅。
5,400 years later, when Phase III was at its height, men, birds and beasts were created. Thus the Three Powers--Heaven, Earth and Man--now had their set places. Therefore it is said that man was created in Phase III.
俺乃是五百年前大闹天宫的齐天大圣孙悟空！
I'm Sun Wukong, the Great Sage Equaling Heaven who made havoc in Heaven five hundred years ago.
小的们，老孙回来了！
Little ones, I'm back.
悟空，救我！
Rescue me, Wukong.
贫僧从东土大唐而来，去往西天取经。
I am a priest from the Tang country in the East, and I am going to the Western Heaven to ask for holy scriptures.
妖精！哪里走！
Evil spirit, where do you think you're going?
你是猴子请来的救兵么？
Hey! Are you reinforcements sent for by Monkey?
大圣，收了神通罢。
Great Sage, give your magic powers a rest.
这个弼马温，不识进退！
You've got no common sense, Protector of the Horses.
好呆子啊！师父教你化斋，许你在此睡觉的？
You idiot, who said you could sleep here instead of begging for food as our master told you?
大王，外面是个和尚哩，团头大面，两耳垂肩，嫩刮刮的一身肉，细娇娇的一张皮，且是好个和尚！
A monk, Your Majesty. He has a large face and a round head, and his ears hang down to his shoulders. His flesh looks most tender and his skin extremely delicate. He's a very promising monk.
俺是花果山水帘洞美猴王。一个筋斗云，十万八千里，还有七十二般变化。
I am the Handsome Monkey King in the Water Curtain Cave of the Mountain of Flowers and Fruit. With my somersault cloud I can cover thirty-six thousand miles in a single bound. Moreover, I can do seventy-two kinds of transformations.
我叫你一声，你敢答应我么？
Do you have the guts to answer if I call your name?
